The 2003 Bawean Incident, where two Indonesian Air Force (TNI AU) F-16 aircraft intercepted a US Navy F/A-18 Hornet jet on an air cover mission, demands an in-depth analysis of the alignment between Indonesia’s national airspace regulations and international air security practices. The enactment of Law No. 21 of 2025 on Airspace Management (UU PRU) marks a historical milestone in addressing this legal uncertainty. This study aims to analyze the implications of the Bawean Incident on the passage of UU PRU and examine the juridical challenges in completing its implementing regulations (RPP, Permenhub, Perpang TNI, and Perkasau) postenactment. Using a qualitative descriptive approach through literature review, this research examines air navigation coordination weaknesses and legal fragmentation. The results indicate that UU PRU successfully integrates civil aviation safety and national defense under a single legal umbrella. However, its effectiveness heavily relies on the timely drafting of derivative regulations targeted for late 2027. The major conclusion asserts the urgency of establishing an inter-agency acceleration team to overcome coordination barriers and ensure operational legal certainty across the Indonesian archipelago.
The transportation sector significantly influences energy utilisation and carbon dioxide emissions; therefore, sustainable transformation is increasingly important for advancing energy efficiency and reducing emissions in Indonesia (Fitriana et al., 2023). Green human resource management (GHRM) and employee competencies are considered strategic factors in enhancing sustainability performance, predominantly through the adoption of green technological innovations that strengthen environmental friendliness (Zihan & Makhbul, 2024). This study examines the impact of GHRM and employee competence on sustainability performance in Indonesia’s transportation sector, with green technological innovation as a mediator. Using an explanatory quantitative approach with purposive sampling, 350 respondents from Indonesia’s transportation sector were involved. The data were analysed using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). The results demonstrate that both GHRM and employee competency positively and significantly contribute to sustainability performance. In addition, green technology innovations have been shown to mediate the relationship between GHRM, employee competence, and sustainability performance. This study contributes to the development of sustainability literacy by integrating the ability-motivation-opportunity (AMO) framework, employee competencies, and green technology innovations within the transportation sector. This study has implications for companies seeking to develop GHRM practices, strengthen employee competencies, and accelerate the adoption of low-carbon technologies.
This paper discusses the theory and practice of mediation in the indigenous peoples of Aceh, which is known to have a dispute resolution system based on deliberation and kinship. This study uses a qualitative approach to the method of literature study and observation of mediation practices in several villages in Aceh. It was found that customary mediation practices in Aceh not only promote conflict resolution, but also restore social relations. This local wisdom has historically grown out of the social structure of Acehnese society and has a meeting point with the national legal system, especially in the settlement of civil and minor criminal cases. This article also examines the challenges of harmonization between customary law and national law.
Enforcement the law in Indonesia does not can released from function and existence investigator as part from structure law. Investigators who have function enforcement law in fact not yet capable realize ideals law community. Complaints to The Chief of Police and the National Human Rights Commission to culminating in implementation title case specifically at the Criminal Investigation Unit of the Indonesian National Police Headquarters is one of the proof concrete investigator Not yet capable carry out task in accordance with need law community. The research method used is method juridical normative with approach studies case. Data collected through studies more literature carry on done analysis For can answer problem function and existence investigator in community. Research results show various obstacle professionalism investigator in carry out enforcement law. Implementation rule of law and good governance in function and existence investigator considered as step strategic for build integrity investigator in carry out function enforcement law. Strengthening regulation, supervision and cultural reform is step urgent to ensure fair and certain investigation law.
This study aims to identify potential failure modes caused by earthquake hazards at PT KMI Indonesia’s production facilities and to establish disaster mitigation priorities through the integration of Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). This approach bridges technical risk assessment and organizational preparedness within the metal industry context. Data were collected through interviews, field observations, and AHP questionnaires from 287 respondents. The FMEA results revealed three critical risks: gas leakage, inaudible alarms, and electrical hazard vulnerability. The AHP analysis prioritized regulatory compliance, early warning and monitoring systems, and human resource competency as the main mitigation criteria. The integration of FMEA and AHP proved effective in producing an objective and data-driven hierarchy of mitigation priorities. Practically, the study recommends improving evacuation facilities, establishing trained emergency response teams, and implementing digital dissemination of safety procedures to enhance industrial resilience against disasters.
