The University of Faisalabad (TUF) is a private university located in Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. It was established in 2002 under the auspices of Madina Foundation, a not for profit philanthropic organization in the light of the vision "Industry, Service, Education" of its founder: the late Chairman Haji Muhammad Saleem. It offers programs in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medicine, Allied Health Sciences, Engineering, Information Technology, Management Studies, Arts and Social Sciences.
Various feed ingredients including omega oils and oil seeds, have been used worldwide to improve intake among the birds. In this research paper, feed ingredients were analyzed for fat, fiber, protein, tannins and cyanogenic glycosides (HCN) contents along the fatty acid characterization. Different supplemented enriched experimental diets were also developed to estimate the Crude fat, protein, fatty acids content and gross energy estimation. These experimental iso caloric and isonitrogenous diets were evaluated through mathematical model for characterization. TOPSIS technique is applied in feed ingredients, protein, tannins and cyanogenic glycosides. PIS and NIS solution proposed in different protein. To define the collective index of the ranking
BACKGROUND:Despite of having broad spectrum anti-bacterial activity, benzimidazole has limited clinical applications out of low solubility and bioavailability. Benzimidazole and cubosomal delivery systems are individually well studied, their combined application remains limited, particularly for newly designed derivatives with unexplored biological activity. OBJECTIVE:This study reports the synthesis and characterization of N-cyclopentyl benzimidazole-loaded cubosomes for antibacterial application through improved solubility and controlled release. METHODS:The N-cyclopentyl benzimidazole was synthesized by the reaction of benzimidazole with Bromo cyclopentane and confirmed by FT-IR, 1H, and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Cubosome nanoparticles were formed by the homogenization method, using glyceryl monooleate (GMO) as a lipid and poloxamer 407 (P407) as a surfactant. Different co-surfactants like Brij 35 (B 35), Myrj 52 (M 52), Tween 20 (T 20), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as stabilizer were used to optimize the formulations and characterized for size, zeta potential, polydispersity index, entrapment efficiency, in-vitro drug release, and transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS:Among the tested formulations, the cubosome containing 3% PVA demonstrated optimal characteristics, including a nanosize (~128 nm), high drug entrapment efficiency (94.08%), and colloidal stability. The antibacterial activity was assessed against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. While the free drug exhibited larger zones of inhibition, the cubosome-encapsulated formulation showed sustained antibacterial effects, attributed to improved aqueous dispersion and prolonged release. CONCLUSION:These findings highlight the potential of cubosome-based delivery to enhance the solubility and therapeutic efficacy.
This study investigates the thermal performance of silver (Ag), copper (Cu), and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanoparticles dispersed in paraffin (Pfin) as the base fluid, forming a hybrid nanofluid subjected to three-dimensional rotating flow. The analysis incorporates slip and convective boundary conditions to capture realistic flow behavior. The hybrid nanofluid system Ag-MoS2-Cu/Pfin is examined with particular emphasis on its influence on heat and mass transport characteristics. An order-reduction numerical algorithm is employed to obtain approximate solutions of the governing flow equations. The effects of key physical parameters are analyzed through graphical and tabular representations of velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles, along with corresponding variations in skin friction, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number. The results reveal that the incorporation of Ag-MoS2-Cu nanoparticles into paraffin significantly enhances heat transfer rates. Moreover, rotational effects play a critical role in modifying the thermal boundary layer, where increasing rotation intensifies boundary layer thickness. A comparative assessment shows that MoS2 nanoparticles exhibit superior heat transfer performance relative to Ag and Cu, highlighting their effectiveness in thermal management applications.
Many studies have focused on the development of fuzzy graph theory. Graph domination is a key area of study within fuzzy graph theory. It has been applied in numerous fields to address real-world issues such as multi-attribute, multi-object, multi-agent decision-making problems, neural networks, and other areas. This paper aims to define the bondage and non-bondage sets of anti-fuzzy graphs and analyze the bondage number and non-bondage number of anti-fuzzy graphs. The properties of the bondage and non-bondage numbers of anti-fuzzy graphs are examined. Several examples are used to illustrate the bondage and non-bondage numbers of anti-fuzzy graphs. Additionally, the bounds of bondage and non-bondage numbers are discussed, and some theorems related to bondage and non-bondage numbers are proven.
Introduction: Adequate knowledge and awareness of the surgical process among elective preoperative patients are vital for reducing anxiety, improving confidence, and enhancing satisfaction with surgical care. Structured health education interventions can play a crucial role in improving patients' preparedness and postoperative recovery outcomes. Methods: A quasi-experimental pre-test/post-test design was conducted among 220 patients (Mean age = 34.6 +/- 8.9 years) attending the Preoperative Health Education Outpatient Department Clinic. Participants scheduled for elective surgeries across multiple specialties received a standardized health education program comprising audiovisual presentations, interactive group discussions, and printed information leaflets. Patients' knowledge of surgical procedures, confidence in postoperative pain management, and expected recovery time were measured using validated questionnaires administered before and after the intervention. Results: Post-intervention analysis showed significant improvements in patients' knowledge of surgical procedures (Mean score = 5.25 +/- 1.2 vs. 9.32 +/- 1.4, p<0.001, z = 11.38) and confidence in pain management (5.94 +/- 1.5 vs. 9.09 +/- 1.3, p<0.001, z = 9.02). Participants who attended group-based interactive sessions demonstrated higher post-test knowledge scores than those who attended lecture-only sessions (p<0.001). Moreover, the expected recovery duration decreased significantly (2.95 +/- 0.8 weeks to 2.22 +/- 0.6 weeks, p = 0.002, z = -3.09). Conclusion: The structured preoperative health education program effectively enhanced patients' understanding of the surgical process, increased their confidence in managing postoperative pain, and improved recovery expectations. Incorporating multimodal educational strategies, especially interactive group sessions, into routine preoperative care can foster patient empowerment and optimize surgical outcomes.
