Adding P and Sb into InAs produces InAsPSb quaternary alloys that are critical for improving the mid-infrared optoelectronics. InAs1-x-yPySbx/n-InAs multiple-quantum wells enhanced the stability and operations of devices at higher temperatures. The optimum performance of photonic devices is contingent on distinctive vibrational characteristics of InAs1-x-yPySbx layers, which influence the thermal management, optical absorption, and structural stability. Limited experimental and theoretical studies exist for their phonon traits. Gas source molecular beam epitaxy is used to prepare high-quality InAs1-x-yPySbx epilayers on nearly lattice matched n-InAs substrates. Systematic results of the lattice dynamical properties are reported by exploiting a high-resolution Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) reflectivity and Raman scattering spectroscopy. The FTIR spectra showed strong reflectivity peaks and dips, corresponding to the transverse optical omega TO and longitudinal optical omega LO phonon modes, respectively. Complementary to the FTIR results, the Raman scattering spectroscopy measurements are characterized with the diverse In-P, In-As, and In-Sb like omega LO and omega TO phonon lines. InAs1-x-yPySbx alloys suffer from the immiscibility issues when As composition is less than 0.4. Disorder related phonon features are noticed in samples having x and y within the miscibility gap. Meticulous simulations have authenticated the three-phonon-mode behavior of InAs1-x-yPySbx.
Women’s fertility and employment decisions are closely linked, and both may be influenced by the availability of childcare. We investigate the role of grandparent coresidence—a potential source of childcare—in maternal employment, focusing on differences between Asian and non-Hispanic white women in the United States. Specifically, we examine whether the higher share of Asians living in an intergenerational household can account for why the maternal employment gap is smaller among Asian women than among their white counterparts. We also explore whether differences in characteristics among the older generation help explain this difference in the maternal employment gap. We find that living in an intergenerational household is positively related to employment among Asian women, on average, whereas the opposite is the case among white women. Furthermore, we find that having a coresident grandparent appears to be an important contributor to the smaller maternal employment gap among Asians. In addition, grandparent coresidence is more strongly related to maternal employment among foreign-born women than among US natives, suggesting that immigrants may be more likely to bring over their parents if they need childcare.
Utah has a unique religious subculture that emerges from the historical and demographic prominence of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (the LDS, or Mormon church). Scholars argue that in recent decades this subculture is eroding as disaffiliation from Mormonism rises. This paper examines the demography, social attitudes and religiosity of current and former Mormons to understand the dynamics of Utah's shifting religious landscape. We find that current Mormons are better educated and more affluent than former Mormons. They are also more religious and politically conservative. By contrast, disaffiliating from Mormonism is concentrated among young people, and associated with progressive politics, especially on matters of sex and gender. Unlike studies conducted in previous decades, we find that women now leave the LDS Church at least as frequently as men. Mormons who exit are more likely to abandon religion altogether than switch to another faith. We discuss the implication of these findings for the sociology of religion.
As generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) becomes more prevalent across all types of organizations, interest in adopting artificial intelligence (AI) tools by charitable nonprofit organizations, who are given 501(c)(3) tax-exempt status by the internal revenue service (IRS), is worthy of attention, given the potential for increased efficiency and raised ethical concerns in resource-drained economies. Guided by the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework, this study surveys Florida nonprofit organizations (n = 168) to explore if certain factors, such as the external environment, innovative culture, and leadership, influence decisions to adopt GenAI tools in nonprofit organizations. We supplement our survey findings with follow-up qualitative data from 14 nonprofit executive directors. Findings offer guidance to nonprofit leaders for assessing their organizations' environment and innovative capacities when making decisions on GenAI adoption. Furthermore, there are broad implications for examining the potential of GenAI tools for mission fulfillment and more effective management of nonprofit organizations.
During the exploration of cyanobacterial diversity of the semi-arid region of northwest India, a non-heterocytous cyanobacterium was isolated from an aquatic habitat and characterized using a polyphasic approach based on morphology, ecology and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Two strains (AT2016/6; SN2021/02) were isolated and characterized by cells longer than wide, the presence of a thick sheath, and the formation of nodules. 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the strains formed a highly supported, distinct clade within the Nodosilineales, ranging from 89.52% to 92.76% similarity to other strains. Secondary structures (the D1-D1, BoxB, and V3 helices) of the 16S-23 rRNA Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) regions of both novel strains exhibited unique sequential differences from phylogenetically related taxa. Based on the combination of morphological characters and well-supported phylogenetic data, we describe a new genus and species: Pushkarnema curajae gen. et sp. nov. in accordance with the International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi, and Plants (ICN).
