The paper presents a mathematical description and numerical algorithm simulating the thermal processes occurring in the metal microdomain subjected to the ultrashort laser pulse. The model of these processes is based on an equation with two delay times (the dual-phase lag equation – DPLE) supplemented by the appropriate boundary and initial conditions. The energy equation is formulated in the version assuming the variability of thermophysical parameters with temperature (volumetric specific heat and thermal conductivity are temperature-dependent). Taking into account the geometric properties of the laser beam, the problem is treated as an axisymmetric task, while the thermal impact of the laser is taken into account by the introducing into DPLE a component related to the internal heat sources in the domain considered. At the stage of numerical modeling the implicit scheme of the finite difference method is used. In the program simulating the heating/cooling processes occurring in the metal microdomain, the possibility of the melting and resolidification effects are also considered. In the final part of the work, the numerous examples of numerical computations and the resulting conclusions are presented. It turned out, among others, that especially at high temperatures, the consideration of parameters variability (gold, nickel) causes that the results of numerical simulations differ visibly from classical solutions for the constant values of parameters.
The article develops a methodical approach to monitoring the production and commercial activity of an industrial enterprise. Two analytical functions are offered, which, when used independently, can be sufficiently objective to reflect the economic state of business at the enterprise. The most accurate monitoring result can be obtained when using these functions together. The theoretical and methodical principles of monitoring entrepreneurial activity, the basis of which are the production, commercial and financial indicators of the enterprise, are considered. Methodical provisions for monitoring the production and commercial activity of an industrial enterprise have been developed. using tangential and arctangent function. The proposed function is defined in the interval [-1, +1] and due to their non-linearity, it becomes possible to track the gradient of changes in the results of the enterprise’s production and commercial activities
The article examines the concept and essence of intellectual property management, as well as models, methods and tools of intellectual property management at industrial enterprises. According to the results of the research, methodological and methodical approaches to the management of the processes of creation and introduction into economic circulation of intellectual property objects at enterprises of the real sector of the economy during the life cycle of intellectual products have been provided. The scientific novelty of the study is presented in the form of updating and multiplying scientific knowledge and methodical recommendations regarding the implementation of the intellectual property management system at the industrial enterprise. Based on the principles of the process-system approach and modeling methods, the authors proposed a model and methodological toolkit for the implementation of the intellectual property system at the enterprise level. The system, in turn, is presented as a process with the selection of stages and a description of the content of each stage. The proposed model can be used in the practical activity of an industrial enterprise.
Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie interpretacji, w świetle której można odczytać charakterystyczny aspekt rozumienia bytu w filozofii przedsokratejskiej. Punktem wyjścia jest podkreślenie idei miejsca w etymologii czasownika „być”: „być” to generalnie ‘znajdować się w świecie’. Następnie świat zostaje scharakteryzowany jako coś obiektywnego i implicite istniejącego (to jest znajdującego się poza umysłem człowieka) oraz mającego „drugi plan” – ukryty za zjawiskami porządek. Próby jego rozumienia nazwano badaniami nad naturą („rzeczy”), która oznaczała realną podstawę świata i jego aktywne źródło–coś, co konstytuuje wewnętrznie wszystkie przedmioty zmysłowe, dostarczając budulca, struktury i praw rozwoju. Na tym tle (które stanowi kontekst interpretacyjny) zostaje określone rozumienie bytu jako elementu natury–czegoś identyfikowanego dystrybutywnie i zawsze w powiązaniu z samoistną naturą(niesamodzielnego). Element ten można natomiast rozumieć na dwa sposoby: jako przedmiot dostępny zmysłami wraz z konstytuującą go naturą, na przykład konkretne drzewo, albo samą tę wewnętrzną naturę, na przykład ogień (Heraklit) czy cztery pierwotne elementy (Empedokles), z której wywodzą się lub składają przedmioty zmysłowe.
Delta-Sigma A/D converters are now widely used to record sounds and music in digital acoustic systems. In measurement systems, such converters can be used to convert analogue voltage signals to digital signals. The quality requirements of converters used in measurement systems (accuracy) and acoustic systems (S/N ratio) are, however, clearly different. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the differences in requirements for both types of applications.
