In the years between Ukraine’s Maidan Revolution (2013-14) and the Kremlin’s full-scale invasion (2022), Ukrainian theater-makers revolutionized their country’s culture of performance practice. After the occupation of Crimea and the start of the war in Donbas, theater artists increasingly began using their craft as a form of civic activism. Among the most distinct expressions of Ukraine’s re-envisioning of its national theater practice during these years was a notable interest in documentary theater. This co-authored chapter analyzes Ukrainian documentary theater both before and after 2022. It illustrates how the form came to constitute a form of anticolonial resistance and made an important contribution to the country’s remarkable culture of defiance and resilience in the face of Russian aggression.
We introduce a new notion of positive dependence, namely multivariate total positivity of order two for conditional distributions, denoted cMTP_2, that explicitly incorporates the conditioning variables. This property is weaker than multivariate total positivity of order two for densities, but stronger than multivariate total positivity of order two for distribution functions, stochastic monotonicity, and tail monotonicity. It thus provides a natural intermediate concept linking these classical notions of positive dependence. We verify the cMTP_2 property for several distributions and copula families, including Archimedean copulas, and establish stability under Markov product transformations. As a consequence, we derive comparison results for measures of directed dependence arising from Markov structures, including Chatterjee's rank correlation and a related sensitivity measure.
This study presents new U–Pb–Hf isotopic data and zircon ages from the Ediacaran to Ordovician Ötztal Complex of the Eastern Alps in Austria to provide new constraints on the evolution of the northern Gondwana active margin in the “proto-Alpine” realm. The multistage tectonic evolution of the complex started with siliciclastic deposition presumably in an accretionary wedge that may have lasted from ca. 600 Ma to ca. 517 Ma. The age spectra are dominated by Neoproterozoic zircon grains indicating that the complex was most likely sourced from the Arabian–Nubian shield, with a contribution of older Proterozoic and Archean grains from the more westerly Saharan metacraton. The deposition was partly overlapping in time with Cambrian to Early Ordovician mafic magmatism that formed either as mafic underplate below the accretionary wedge or outboard, being later accreted as part of the lower plate. The wedge was then intruded by compositionally diverse granitoids from ca. 500 Ma until ca. 440 Ma. By comparing the Ediacaran and Early Paleozoic evolution of the Ötztal Complex with originally more westerly Cadomian-basement terranes (e.g., those now found in the Bohemian Massif), we concluded that the Cenerian orogeny was generally younger in the proto-Alps than elsewhere in the former Cadomian belt. This was possibly due to a significantly curved geometry of the northern Gondwana margin and/or due to an eastward ridge–trench–transform triple point migration. Arrival of a warmer part of the oceanic plate then may have caused mantle melting, mafic underplating, and voluminous granitic plutonism in the forearc, perhaps finally terminated by ridge–trench interaction and slab break-off.
: Eye-tracking methods have become a valuable tool for reading research, as they provide significant evidence on the behavioral and cognitive performance of developing readers. They also help identify reading behavior patterns among children with neurodevelopmental conditions, such as reading difficulties (RD) or attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In this paper, we reviewed relevant literature (73 empirical studies) from 2008 to 2023 (15 years). We documented how reading performance was measured through eye-tracking methodology among typical and atypical readers across various languages. To ensure a rigorous and transparent review, we adhered to the PRISMA framework, defined keywords, established inclusion and exclusion criteria, conducted data extraction, and employed a multi-phase selection process. We focused on research samples, stimulus designs, independent variables, eye-tracking systems, and metrics. The results indicated that research involving typically developing children mainly included participants from primary school and employed various eye-tracking methods, with English being the most studied language. Studies on children with RD and ADHD varied significantly in participants' sample sizes, languages, and experimental designs. The discussion emphasizes the need for standardized data-collection procedures to enhance the reliability and comparability of findings, thereby supporting the development of effective interventions and instructional methods for reading difficulties.
