The current research aimed at designing mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) for a controlled coadministration of salicylic acid (SA) and ketoconazole (KCZ) to effectively treat highly resistant fungal infections. The sol-gel method was used to formulate MSNs, which were further optimized using central composite rotatable design (CCRD) by investigating mathematical impact of independent formulation variables such as pH, stirring time, and stirring speed on dependent variables entrapment efficiency (EE) and drug release. The selected optimized MSNs and pure drugs were subjected to comparative in vitro/in vivo antifungal studies, skin irritation, cytotoxicity, and histopathological evaluations. The obtained negatively charged (-23.1), free flowing spherical, highly porous structured MSNs having a size distribution of 300-500 nm were suggestive of high storage stability and improved cell proliferation due to enhanced oxygen supply to cells. The physico-chemical evaluation of SA/KCZ-loaded MSNs performed through powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) indicates absolute lack of any interaction between formulation components and successful encapsulation of both drugs in MSNs. The EESA, EEKCZ, SA release, and KCZ release varied significantly from 34 to 89%, 36 to 85%, 39 to 88%, and 43 to 90%, respectively, indicating the quadratic impact of formulation variables on obtained MSNs. For MSNs, the skin tolerability and cell viability percentage rate were also having an extraordinary advantage over suspension of pure drugs. The optimized SA/KCZ-loaded MSNs demonstrated comparatively enhanced in vitro/in vivo antifungal activities and rapid wound healing efficacy in histopathological evaluation without any skin irritation impact, suggesting the MSNs potential for the simultaneous codelivery of antifungal and keratolyic agents in sustained release fashion.
The growing awareness regarding environmental issues has encouraged stakeholders’ broader participation in green management and production. The article aims to investigate the role of green human resource management (GHRM) and eco-innovation (GI) in firm performance. Drawing upon the quantitative data collected through a structured questionnaire, the present study investigated how GHRM influences firms’ financial performance through the mediation of eco-innovation. The study findings suggested the significance of GHRM in influencing financial performance through the mediating role of GI. Despite the rising scholarly interest in studying GHRM, very few studies examined its influence on organizational performance in general and financial performance in particular. The present study intends to bridge the literary gaps by examining both the direct relationship between GHRM and firms’ financial performance and the indirect mechanism linking GHRM with a firm’s financial performance through GI, adding a unique contribution to literature and practice
The main objective of this manuscript is to derive the new class of black hole solutions exhibiting exotic matter properties in the framework of f(Q,T) gravity, where Q is non-metricity and T the trace of the energy-momentum tensor. Using the extended gravitational decoupling approach, we separate the field equations into two sets, one for a seed source and another for an additional anisotropic source that introduces violations of the energy conditions. Three different analytical configurations emerge when a specific equation of state is implemented that relates the constituent components of the source. The solutions obtained show a variety of rich physical behaviors governed by a decoupling parameter. For the positive decoupling parameter values, the energy density throughout the entire configuration is positive, while in two of the three models the radial pressure becomes negative, a crucial characteristic that is usually found in the interiors of black holes. All extended solutions violate the energy conditions, verifying the existence of exotic matter interior to the spacetime geometry. The metric potentials of any configuration show no singularities of any sort at the event horizon (r = 2M), while the central curvature singularity at r = 0 is enclosed, maintaining the causal structure. Moreover, asymptotic analysis demonstrates that as r -> infinity, all extended geometries gradually approach the condition of flat spacetime, confirming asymptotic flatness and providing a definitive closure to the analysis. This work establishes that f(Q,T) theory supports stable, asymptotically flat exotic compact objects, providing a new theoretical framework for horizonless alternatives to black holes.
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as promising materials for CO2 capture, owing to their high surface areas and diverse chemical functionalities. However, their practical application is often hindered by stability concerns, particularly in water-rich environments and under fluctuating thermal and chemical conditions. This paper provides a state-of-the-art review of MOFs, focusing on their water, thermodynamic, kinetic and chemical stabilities and functions. Additionally, comparative analysis of MOF stability types and key design rules for their stability enhancement are discussed. Furthermore, role of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in revolutionizing MOF research for their optimized formation (discovery, screening, identification, design, synthesis) and prediction of CO2 capture capacity has been reviewed. Moreover, this paper outlines the challenges and limitations like lack of datasets, feature interpretability, model transferability, scalability and practical applicability. The findings revealed that High-throughput screening, AI-ML-driven optimized design and synthesis of Aluminum Porphyrin-MOF (Al-PMOF) which produced with over 80% yield in only 50 min instead of 16-h traditional method, making it 20 times faster than conventional approaches, while examining 320,000 hMOFs database. Additionally, AI-ML driven, Least Squares Support Vector Machine- genetic optimization (LSSVM-GO) a hybrid ML model has shown prediction accuracy up to R-square value of 0.9797 for CO2 adsorption capacity of MOFs. In conclusion, AI-ML driven frameworks significantly outperform conventional approaches in the design, discovery, synthesis and prediction of CO2 adsorption in MOFs. Looking ahead, the integration AI-ML models with autonomous synthesis by utilizing robotic/additive manufacturing to reduce costs, time and expedite the creation of innovative MOFs.
Recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) offers sustainability advantages but often shows reduced strength and durability compared with normal aggregate concrete (NAC). This review evaluates the role of basalt fibers (BF) in improving the performance of both NAC and RAC, drawing on over 150 experimental studies. Results show that properly selected BF dosages can enhance compressive, splitting tensile and flexural strengths by up to about 25%, 35%, and 60%, respectively. Most effective mixtures use 0.1-0.5% BF by volume with fiber lengths of 6-18 mm. In RAC, BF performs best at moderate recycled aggregate replacement levels of 40-50%, where it can significantly recover strength losses and, in several cases, achieve compressive strengths above 55 MPa. At these levels, BF also refines pore structure and improves resistance to freeze - thaw damage and chloride penetration. However, excessive dosages (>= 0.6%) frequently reduce workability and promote fiber clumping and higher porosity. Overall, the findings show that optimized BF content and geometry, together with appropriate RAC mix design and aggregate treatment, can yield more durable and sustainable concrete, while underscoring the need for further research on hybrid fiber systems and performance prediction models for BFRC. (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic) (RAC)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic) (NAC)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic). (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)150(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic) (BF)(sic)(sic)(sic)NAC(sic)RAC(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic). (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)BF(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)25%,35%(sic)60%. (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)0.1-0.5%(sic)(sic)(sic)BF,(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)6-18 mm. (sic)RAC(sic),BF(sic)40-50%(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)55 MPa(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic). (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic). (sic)(sic),(sic)(sic) (>= 0.6%)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic). (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)BF(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)RAC(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)BFRC(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).
