The myocardial protective effect of two cardioplegic solutions was studied after an ischemic period of 2 h in eight dogs. Group I received a high potassium solution (St. Thomas Hospital) and group II a sodium withdrawal solution with high colloid osmotic pressure (Eppendorf solution). With the exception of a prolonged myocardial K+ washout (10 min) in group I, which was presumably responsible for fibrillation in the early reperfusion period, no major metabolic or perfusion differences between the two groups were observed. After 30 min of reperfusion, postischemic LV function (-43%) and O2 uptake (-43%) were equally reduced in both groups.
Fourteen dogs underwent standardized traumatic hemorrhagic shock. Periodically, measurement of extravascular lung water (EVLW) was taken by thermo-green-dye dilution technique and related to microvascular pressure (MVP) values. An initial drop in EVLW, corresponding to MVP was seen. During shock time the EVLW rose again, while the MVP remained at low levels. This shows a permeability leak during shock time.
In polytraumatized patients, pulmonary contusion complicated by pneumonia is associated with a high risk of fatality. The effects of both contusion and bacterial infection on pulmonary function can be estimated early by measuring the parameters PAPd-PCWP, pulmonary shunt volume and maximal PaO2 following FiO2 = 1.0 for 20 min.
A prospective randomized study on the value of additional antibacterial therapy in surgically treated, purulent peritonitis (69 patients) is presented. A new chemotherapeutic agent Taurolin with antiendotoxin activity is tested against conventional antibiotic therapy. There was an increased rate of secondary wound healing and overall complications in the Taurolin group (especially bronchopneumonia). Local complications and lethality due to peritonitis occur similarly frequently in both groups. The bactericidal and antiendotoxic effects of Taurolin, its lacking toxicity (possibility of higher dosage), and the choice of combination with antibiotics make it a most interesting substance for additional antibacterial therapy for purulent peritonitis following surgical treatment.
In 50 patients with duodenal ulcer disease before the operation and early postoperatively after SPV there were performed simultaneously 54 measurements of halflife of gastric emptying (T 1/2) and of pattern of oral glucose tolerance curve. It could be shown that there is a close relationship between the type of disturbance of gastric emptying and the pattern of glucose curve. In addition it could be proved that there is a significant correlation between the T 1/2 and the 180-min.-glucose concentration.
The disadvantages of portacaval end-to-side shunt concerning hepatic function can be avoided by additional portal arterialization in healthy liver and cirrhotic rats. The maintenance of total liver perfusion is the cause of good RES clearance, nearly normal capacity of synthetic functions and normal biliary excretion. Flow and thereby pressure-adapted technique of arterialization is necessary.
Flow cytometry affords an insight into the cell cycle of gastrointestinal tumors. In comparison with the normal GI mucosa, dedifferentiated carcinomas show a large SG2M peak expressing an intense proliferation. The histological examination considers normally only a small part of the tumor, whereas the flow cytometric histogram is based upon a larger amount of cells. Therefore some tumors are regarded as well differentiated by the pathologist, although they have a large SG2M peak. Considering the functioning of cytostatic drugs, all GI tumors should be treated which have a large SG2M peak in flow cytometry.
Infusions of GIP in man with innervated stomach is only a potent inhibitor of gastric secretion in high pharmacological doses. Cholinergic mechanisms seem to have an influence on the inhibitory effect of GIP on gastric secretion.
Static compressions were carried out on vertebra bodies taken from spines of children. The compression diagrams showing typical graphs dependent on age (fig. 1) were evaluated (table 1). In children no higher breaking load or elasticity could be found in comparison with vertebrae of adults. Although broken, the vertebra body has still a high stability.
During anesthesia and relaxation the separated M. sphincter ani ext. and the M. puborectalis have a constant pressure of 30 mm Hg. Therefore, these muscles also have the ability to make tonic contractions and not only phasic contractions. This means that these muscles are also responsible for the anal tonic basal pressure.
Ten expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) vascular grafts were implanted in dogs crossing the joint, performed as iliofemoral bypass. After 1, 3, 6, and 9 months the grafts were studied by light microscopy, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy. There was a good patency of all straight prostheses. The pre- and postkink areas showed thrombosis leading to stenosis. After 9 months endothelium was spread over all other parts of the luminal surface, including the kink area. Intramurally there was a focal ingrowth of fibroblastic cells with the characteristics of myocytes.
One hundred and ninety-one patients with operable breast cancer were followed for up to 34 months after operation and the early recurrence of disease was noted in relation to the presence or absence of estrogen receptor. Recurrence rates were significantly higher in patients whose tumors did not contain receptors than in those whose tumors did. The response to cytotoxic chemotherapy in patients with advanced breast carcinoma seems to be independent of the presence of E2R in cancer tissue.
In five anesthetized cats the excretion of Tc-99m-DAIDA into the gallbladder and the small bowel and the d.g. reflux were visualized by a gamma camera and analyzed by a digital computer. A d.g. reflux index was calculated following stimulation of the gallbladder by ceruletide and test meals, before and after a Heineke-Mikulicz pyloroplasty. It could be demonstrated that tracing of bile with TC-99m-DAIDA can be used as a noninvasive method for the evaluation of the d.g. reflux. Gastric intubation increases the d.g. reflux rate. Ceruletide is a much more effective choleretic agent than test meals. Despite a wide pyloroplasty neither an augmented d.g. reflux nor gastritis was seen, probably due to the preserved antral innervation.
Nucleic acid synthesis and influence of cytostatic agents (adriamycin, cyclophosphamide) were investigated in 73 cases of human breast cancer and in 19 cases of correlating lymph node metastases. An interrelationship between nucleic acid synthesis, proliferation and tumor stage could not be proven at the time of the operation. The labeling index, expressing the proliferation of tumor cells, and the incorporation of radiolabeled nucleic acid precursors (3H-thymidine, 3H-uridine) as an indicator of nucleic acid synthesis were higher in the investigated lymph node metastases than in the primary tumor. Nucleic acid synthesis was suppressed in primary and metastatic lesions in the same way by cytostatic agents.
UNLABELLED:In unanesthetized dogs, the mechanical activity of the antrum and pylorus was studied by means of strain gauge force transducers during fasting condition, after feeding, and following application of metoclopramide (Paspertin), before and after SPV without pyloroplasty, and after SPV with pyloroplasty respectively.RESULTS:1) The mechanical activity during fasting condition differs from that after feeding. 2) During fasting, the contractile force is decreased for about 15%-20% after SPV without pyloroplasty and for about 50% after SPV with pyloroplasty. The frequency remains unchanged. 3) After feeding, the contractile force is decreased by about 50%, the frequency shows an increase of 100%. The same results can be obtained after SPV with or without pyloroplasty. 4) After metoclopramide the contractile force is increased up to 30%, during fasting, after feeding, and also before and after SPV. The frequency, however, shows no significant change. 5) The postoperative findings remained unchanged throughout the entire observation period (up to the 20th postoperative month).
3 mg of 3,4 benzpyrene were injected subcutaneously into the neck of 90 male SD rats. After 140 days, fibrosarcomas developed in the same place. At a size of 2--4 g, the tumor was completely removed according to surgical rules. One group was operated only, whereas the other groups were subjected to operation and intraoperative or postoperative chemotherapy (CYVADIC). It could be shown that operation in combination with a postoperative chemotherapy significantly lengthens the survival period and reduces local recurrences, contrary to operation alone. Chemotherapy started intraoperatively does not increase the survival period. The considerable toxicity is an essential factor limiting the therapeutic process, although it reduces local recurrences. We think that the tumors of chemical genesis present a suitable model in addition to the graft tumors in testing new treatment forms against malignant diseases.
In duodenal ulcer patients the maximal acid secretion induced by pentagastrin is significantly higher than the meal-induced acid secretion (10% peptone, pH 5.5). Three months after SPV there is no difference in pentagastrin and meal-induced stimulation. There is a reduction of 56% in insulin-negative patients after SPV, but only of 9% in insulin-positive patients. Basal serum gastrin levels increased significantly after SPV, but there is no difference in postprandial serum gastrin levels and in insulin-positive and insulin-negative patients. Intragastric titration seems to be a subtle method for testing the completeness of SPV.
Guinea pigs were orally and subcutaneously immunized against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Whereas 93% of untreated control animals died after a subsequent IP infection, vaccinated animals developed an efficient protection. The mortality rate in orally pretreated animals was only 20% - 30%. Some immunological parameters were also improved by vaccination. IgG and IgM concentrations in serum increased, as did the agglutination titer against bacteria. Oral vaccination with heat inactivated pathogenic bacteria seems to be a promising procedure to improve the resistance of patients to bacterial infections.
Bone fractures treated with an external fixator tend to heal more slowly than with an internal fixator, since the tension of the fixator gradually relaxes and this decrease in pressure is not counteracted in any way. A dynamometer makes possible an exact measurement of effective compressive forces and an adjustment of the tension of the fixator. A special feature of the apparatus is an elastic metal ring. The apparatus is mounted on the free ends of both tubes of the fixator for measuring and adjusting the tension. This should be done once a week. Supported fractures are put under an axial compression of 50 kp. In the case of comminuted and defect fractures, and axial compression of 5 kp should be begun after 5 weeks, and this dosage should be increased every week.
