Despite being a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, colorectal anastomoses are an indisputable gastrointestinal system reconstruction surgery routine. Many patient- and disease-specific factors, including surgical technique, affect anastomotic healing. This study discusses the effects of ketorolac, used for analgesia after colorectal surgery, on the continuity of colorectal anastomoses and intraabdominal adhesions in a rat model. A prospective randomized study was performed at Laboratory of Experimental Animals and Research in the Institute. Thirty Wistar Albino rats were randomized into three equal groups, each consisting of 10 rats. Following rectal transection, end-to-end colorectal anastomosis was performed. During the postoperative period, animals received intramuscular injections of 10 mg/kg isotonic saline, 20 mg/kg meperidine, and 1 mg/kg ketorolac. On the post- operative day seven, the anastomotic segment was resected, and the Nair Score, anastomotic burst pressure, and OH-Proline levels were compared. The OH-Proline values were not statistically significant between the groups (P = 0.566). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of Nair Scores (P = 0.118). The anastomotic burst pressures of the groups were statistically significantly different (P = 0.017). The anastomotic burst pressures in the group receiving ketorolac were statistically significantly higher than the group receiving meperidine (P = 0.020). In conclusion, this study did not associate perioperative use of ketorolac with anastomotic leakage in the rat model.
In this study, the shelf life of fish meatballs made from common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and flavoured with lemon, ginger and mint essential oils was investigated under refrigeration conditions (4 ± 1 °C). In the study, fish mince obtained from common carp was mixed with breadcrumbs, cumin, salt, black pepper, allspice, garlic powder, sweet paprika and sunflower oil to form the experimental control group, whilst the remaining fish mince was mixed with essential oils to form four different groups. The fish meatballs were stored under refrigeration conditions, and microbiological and sensory analyses were conducted on the analysis days. As a result of these analyses, the shelf life of the fish meatballs was determined to be 20 days. Microbiologically, the limit value (6 log CFU/g) for total mesophilic aerobic bacteria was exceeded in Group control patty samples on the 10th day of storage, in Group ginger and mint patty samples on the 15th day, and in Group lemon patty samples on the 20th day. The evaluation of sensory analyses also revealed that the group of fish cake samples receiving the highest sensory approval was the group to which lemon essential oil had been added. It was concluded that offering fish-based meatballs created by adding essential oils which are natural additives in a variety of flavours would broaden the product range, further encourage consumption, and contribute to the shelf life of the resulting products.
This study investigated the anesthetic performance and cardiopulmonary effects of ketamine-medetomidine-midazolam and ketamine-dexmedetomidine-midazolam combinations administered by subcutaneous or intraperitoneal routes in gerbils. Thirty-two clinically healthy male gerbils were allocated to four experimental groups according to the anesthetic protocol and route of administration. All protocols produced satisfactory sedation and surgical anesthesia without mortality. Induction was achieved in all animals within a relatively short period, and dexmedetomidine- containing combinations tended to induce anesthesia more rapidly than medetomidine-based protocols. The duration of surgical anesthesia was significantly longer in animals receiving dexmedetomidine, indicating a more prolonged anesthetic effect. Throughout the observation period, significant alterations were recorded in heart rate, respiratory rate, body temperature, and peripheral oxygen saturation. Cardiopulmonary depression was observed in all groups but was more evident in animals receiving dexmedetomidine. Intraperitoneal administration generally resulted in a faster onset of anesthesia and more pronounced physiological effects compared with subcutaneous administration. Although reductions in cardiovascular and respiratory parameters were detected, no life-threatening complications occurred and although oxygen saturation values remained compatible with spontaneous recovery, transient decreases observed in dexmedetomidine-treated animals suggest that oxygen supplementation should be considered during prolonged anesthetic procedures. Recovery tended to occur earlier in medetomidine- treated gerbils, whereas dexmedetomidine produced a longer- lasting anesthetic state. The findings indicate that both anesthetic combinations can be safely used in gerbils under appropriate monitoring conditions. Dexmedetomidine provided a longer and deeper anesthetic effect, while subcutaneous administration offered a more gradual anesthetic profile with less pronounced physiological depression.
Among the pathogens associated with antimicrobial resistance, Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli are the major etiological agents of gastrointestinal infections worldwide. This study aimed to explore the frequency of antibiotic-resistant Campylobacter isolates among broiler chickens, cattle and sheep in Algeria, conducting a comparative analysis according to animal sources. A total of 138 isolates (96 of C. jejuni and 42 of C. coli) collected from meat samples of broiler chickens, cattle and sheep. The antimicrobial testing was conducted using disk diffusion methods. The findings revealed a high resistance in broiler chickens compared to other animal origins. Specifically, Campylobacter coli isolates from chickens demonstrated a complete resistance (100 %) to quinolones, fluoroquinolones, macrolides, and tetracycline, followed by Campylobacter jejuni, which showed resistance to quinolones, fluoroquinolones, and metronidazole (92 %), macrolides (75 %), and beta-lactams (69 %). Bovine C. coli isolates exhibited total resistance to quinolones, along with an increasing resistance to cephalosporins and macrolides. Similarly, ovine C. coli isolates demonstrated significant resistance to both beta-lactams and nitroimidazoles (70 %). Statistical analysis through variance testing, revealed high antibiotic resistance profiles in chickens compared to bovine and ovine isolates (P < 0.05). Bovine and ovine isolates exhibited elevated rate for quinolones and their resistance were less extensive than observed in broiler chickens. The results underscore the importance of considering the origin of isolates when evaluating resistance profiles in order to limit the spread of antimicrobial resistance under the one health approach.
Bovine neosporosis is a major cause of abortion and stillbirth in cattle, causing significant economic losses worldwide. This study aimed to determine Neospora caninum seroprevalence, identify its potential risk factors and investigate alterations in selected biochemical traits in cattle from five Northeastern Algerian provinces. From March 2022 to April 2025, 368 cows belonging to 36 herds were randomly sampled and analyzed using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Risk factors were determined using multivariable logistic regression model. For biochemical disturbances, sera from 30 seropositive and 30 seronegative cows were tested for glucose, total protein, albumin, calcium, phosphorus, urea, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase and β- hydroxybutyrate, using standard laboratory methods. Biochemical values were compared statistically and the effects of N. caninum infection were evaluated using generalized linear models adjusting for confounding factors. According to results, herd and individual animal prevalence were 63.88 % (23/36; 95 % CI: 46.20 – 79.20) and 16.30 % (60/368; 95 % CI: 12.70 – 20.50) respectively. At individual level, the risk of being seropositive increased with age, history of reproductive problems, mastitis and types of vaccines. The use of artificial insemination, vaccination and birth of healthy calves were protective factors. At herd-level, quarantine and vaccination were protective factors. Infected cows showed significantly elevated serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, urea, total protein and globulin along with a significant decrease in calcium and albumin/globulin ratio. This survey highlights the widespread establishment of N. caninum within local cattle population and elucidates its associated risk factors as well as the metabolic and reproductive disorders it may generate.
El presente reporte describe el caso de un canino criollo de 3 años diagnosticado con Ehrlichiosis canina mediante una prueba rápida de anticuerpos. Los resultados de laboratorio revelaron un compromiso hematológico severo caracterizado por anemia, trombocitopenia y una marcada neutropenia, acompañada de leucocitosis con linfocitosis y monocitosis. A pesar de la administración de un protocolo terapéutico a base de doxiciclina, el paciente no mostró mejoría y falleció debido a la progresión de la enfermedad. La necropsia confirmó la gravedad del colapso sistémico, evidenciando hemorragias pulmonares, hepatomegalia con ictericia, esplenomegalia y renomegalia, además de ascitis y fibrosis en el omento. Estos hallazgos anatomopatológicos guardan estrecha relación con la fisiopatología de la infección severa por E. canis, evidenciando la importancia de considerar coinfecciones concurrentes en áreas endémicas frente a cuadros de colapso sistémico rápido.
Para determinar la biodiversidad de mamíferos silvestres en un bosque deciduo de la costa de Ecuador, ubicado en el Cantón Santa Ana, Provincia de Manabí, se desarrolló una investigación a través del uso de fototrampeo, con 10 cámaras activadas durante 24 horas. Para la ubicación de las cámaras trampa, se establecieron transectos por senderos de fauna, los cuales se ubicaron en base a evidencias de actividad de mamíferos, como senderos, huellas o madrigueras, con 100 metros de distancia entre cada punto de fototrampeo, con la finalidad de incrementar la probabilidad de detección de especies. La frecuencia de muestreo fue cada 15 días, por cuatro meses, donde se registraron 412 fotografías, con un esfuerzo de muestreo de 1.180 días de cámaras trampa. Los nombres científicos de las especies observadas, el número de imágenes captadas y la abundancia relativa fueron: Dasyprocta punctata (n = 1; 0,24); Didelphis marsupialis (n = 24; 5,82); Leopardus pardalis (n = 15; 3,64); Lycalopex sechurae (n =4; 0,97); Marmosa simonsi (n = 43; 10,43); Procyon cancrivorus (n = 1;0,24); Proechimys decumanus (n = 218; 52,91); Simosciurus stramineus (n = 45; 10,92); Sylvilagus daulensis (n = 58; 14,07); y Tamandua mexicana (n = 3; 0,72). Estos registros, determinan que existen mamíferos silvestres en el área del bosque deciduo estudiado, como lo indica el cálculo del índice de Shannon, cuyo valor fue 1,49, expresando una diversidad de especies baja. El número de especies observadas en este estudio (n = 10), sugiere que los bosques deciduos de la costa de Ecuador, conservan diversidad de mamíferos y representan áreas de importancia para las políticas de conservación de la biodiversidad regional.
Therapeutic effects of varied-source Platelet-Rich Plasma gel on diabetic rabbit 4 cm² squared full-thickness cutaneous wounds were assessed. Thirty New-Zealand Rabbits (mean weight: 2.63 ± 0.35 kg; age range: 12-18 weeks) were divided into five groups of six each. Heterologous Platelet-Rich Plasma was sourced from a male Akkaraman sheep (age: 1 year; weight: 50 kg). Diabetes induction: Alloxan monohydrate (100 mg/kg, 2 doses, 48h apart). Regulation: Recombinant DNA human insulin. Baseline blood glucose: 100.5± 6.5 mg/dL; post-alloxan (5d): 336.9 ± 51.9 mg/dL (P = 0.000). Double centrifugation and CaCl₂ gelation produced PRP with 3.5 times baseline platelet concentration. Post-wounding clinical parameters, morphometric and morphologic evaluations were done at 0th, 3rd, 7th, 10th, 14th, 17th, 21st, and 25th days. Histopathology was performed on day 25. Acceleration in wound healing was observed in all Platelet-Rich Plasma treated (i.e. Diabetic Autologous-Platelet-Rich Plasma, Diabetic Homologous-Platelet-Rich Plasma, Diabetic Heterologous-Platelet- Rich Plasma) groups, meanwhile in both control groups, delayed wound healing was detected, especially in the Diabetic Rabbit Normal Saline group. Enhanced wound contraction observed in all Platelet- Rich Plasma groups (60 % by day 14th) vs. controls (Healthy Rabbit Normal Saline & Diabetic Rabbit Normal Saline: 56 % on days 14th & 17th respectively). These values later on day 21st and day 25th reached up to 95.72 ± 3.74 % and 99.23 ± 0.71 % for Diabetic Autologous- Platelet-Rich Plasm; 92.44 ± 5.07 % and 96.04 ± 3.70 % for Diabetic Homologous-Platelet-Rich Plasm; 89.37 ± 12.24 % and 97.32 ± 3.12 % for Diabetic Heterologous-Platelet-Rich Plasm; while 76.96 ± 15.04 % and 84.33 ± 9.29 % for Diabetic Rabbit Normal Saline and 84.91 ± 17.30 % and 92.27 ± 14.72 % for Healthy Rabbit Normal Saline; (P = 0.036 & P = 0.019 respectively). Histopathologically Platelet- Rich Plasma augmented the wound healing cascade, with early angiogenesis, healthy granulation, and sufficient re-epithelialization. Regardless of the Platelet-Rich Plasma source, it modulates and accelerates cutaneous wound healing in diabetic rabbit models, highlighting its potential as a valuable adjunct therapy for wound healing in diabetic patients.
The potential role of Pelargonium sidoides extract in reducing oxidative stress was assessed in rats with experimentally induced polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Five groups were formed: control group without treatment; Carboxymethyl Cellulose group receiving 1% carboxymethyl cellulose; group given P. sidoides extract (30 mg·kg–1·day–1 for 3 days -d-); PCOS group administered letrozole (polycystic ovary syndrome agent) (1 mg·kg–1·day–1 for 21 d); and PCOS + P. sidoides group, in which the extract was applied during the last 3 d of letrozole administration. In this study, malondialdehyde and reduced glutathione levels, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione–S–transferase activities were determined in blood and ovarian tissues. Additionally, hormones and biomarkers such as follicle–stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone, insulin, cholesterol and glucose were also determined in serum. Rats in the PCOS group showed significantly elevated malondialdehyde levels in both plasma and ovarian tissues, indicating increased oxidative stress. Conversely, when compared to controls, reduced glutathione levels and antioxidant enzyme activity were significantly lower. In the PCOS + P. sidoides group, ovarian reduced glutathione levels increased significantly, however, no alteration was observed in plasma reduced glutathione levels. malondialdehyde levels decreased in both tissues, and antioxidant enzyme activities improved significantly, suggesting a partial restoration of oxidative balance. Endocrine evaluations showed that PCOS rats had higher serum LH, testosterone, insulin, and cholesterol, with decreased FSH levels, while glucose remained unchanged. In the PCOS + P. sidoides group, many parameters approached control values, and no significant differences were detected compared with healthy rats, except for testosterone. Compared with the PCOS group, the serum significantly reduced LH, testosterone, and insulin levels and increased FSH, while glucose remained unaffected. Overall, the findings indicate that PCOS induces oxidative stress in plasma and ovarian tissues and disrupts key hormonal and metabolic biomarkers. P. sidoides extract, with its antioxidant effects, may alleviate oxidative and hormonal alterations associated with PCOS, suggesting its potential supportive role in mitigating PCOS – related complications.
The aim of this study was to evaluate time-dependent changes in oxidative stress biomarkers and thiol-disulfide homeostasis in dogs diagnosed with canine transmissible venereal tumor and treated with vincristine sulfate. Eighteen female Kangal dogs were included in the study, nine with canine transmissible venereal tumor and nine clinically healthy (control group). Dogs in the canine transmissible venereal tumor group received vincristine sulfate once a week until complete tumor regression was achieved. Analyses were performed at pre-treatment, week 1 (T1), week 3 (T3), and end-treatment. Only one sample was taken from the control group dogs. Serum levels of malondialdehyde, glutathione, total thiol, native thiol, disulfide, and thiol-disulfide ratios were determined. In dogs with canine transmissible venereal tumor, malondialdehyde levels were significantly higher (P = 0.001) during the pre-treatment period compared to the healthy control group, while glutathione (P = 0.002), total thiol (P = 0.001), and native thiol (P = 0.001) levels were significantly lower. During the same period, disulfide levels (P = 0.001), disulfide/ total thiol × 100 (P = 0.001) and disulfide/ native thiol × 100 (P = 0.001) ratios increased significantly, while the native thiol/total thiol × 100 ratio (P = 0.001) decreased significantly. Although a gradual improvement in oxidative stress parameters and thiol-disulfide homeostasis was observed during vincristine treatment, malondialdehyde levels remained significantly higher than the control group at the end of treatment (P = 0.001), and thiol- disulfide homeostasis did not fully return to normal. In conclusion, Kangal female dogs with canine transmissible venereal tumor exhibit a marked state of oxidative stress along with impaired thiol-disulfide homeostasis. Vincristine treatment partially improves this redox imbalance but does not provide complete normalization. Thiol-disulfide homeostasis parameters can reflect changes in redox status and may be useful indicators in evaluating treatment-related biochemical changes in canine transmissible venereal tumor.
Mastitis is one of the most significant infectious diseases affecting dairy cattle. It has a drastic impact on the animals welfare and poses serious economic losses to dairy production. In addition to examining the milk, evaluating the mammary tissue, especially the superficial inguinal (supramammary) lymph nodes, are essential for diagnosis and prognosis. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of artificial intelligence -based deep learning models in detecting mastitis from ultrasonography images of superficial inguinal lymph nodes. The study was conducted on 252 Brown Swiss cows aged 3–6 years, which were classified into three groups according to the California Mastitis Test and clinical examination: clinical mastitis (n = 84), subclinical mastitis (n = 84) and a control group (n = 84). Six pre-trained deep learning architectures were used to process B-mode ultrasonographic images: MobileNetV3, EfficientNetV2B3, Xception, InceptionV3, NasNet, InceptionResNetV2 and ConvNeXtSmall. All models performed satisfactorily, with EfficientNetV2B3 achieving the highest accuracy (96.87 %), precision (97.53 %) and F1 score (96.79 %), with a area under the curve of (100 %). These results suggest that integrating ultrasonographic and echotextural data with an AI-based model could be a valuable resource for the early detection and accurate diagnosis of mastitis, in line with the goals of precision livestock farming.
Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma is a contagious pulmonary neoplasm of sheep associated with exogenous Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus. This retrospective descriptive case series characterized seven suspected ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma cases using histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and semi-nested polymerase chain reaction on archived formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded lung tissues. Fresh pulmonary tissue from two cases was also examined by transmission electron microscopy. Histopathological findings were compatible with ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma in all cases and consisted of well- differentiated bronchioloalveolar epithelial proliferations arranged in papillary and acinar/tubular patterns. Cytoplasmic immunoreactivity for the jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus envelope protein was detected in neoplastic epithelial cells and in non-neoplastic type II pneumocytes. Immunolabelling was also observed in alveolar macrophages and lymphocytes in some cases; this finding was interpreted cautiously because it may reflect uptake of viral antigen rather than productive infection. Nuclear thyroid transcription factor-1 immunolabelling in neoplastic cells supported pulmonary epithelial differentiation. Semi- nested polymerase chain reaction provided molecular support by amplifying the expected 133 bp jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus -specific product in clearly positive samples, although band intensity varied among lanes. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated lamellar body-like structures, cytoplasmic vacuolation, vesiculation, and membranous-lamellar degeneration in alveolar epithelial cells, but clearly identifiable viral particles were not demonstrated. Therefore, the findings should be interpreted as descriptive evidence supporting jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus -associated ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma, rather than as proof of productive jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus infection or as a diagnostic-performance study. Larger prospective studies incorporating viral ribonucleic acid detection, sequencing, or direct virion demonstration are required.
In this study, it was aimed to compare the concentrations of essential and non-essential potentially toxic elements (Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn) in milk samples collected at different lactation stages from cows reared in industrial and non-industrial areas in Hatay, to determine the possible contamination pathways of potentially toxic elements in raw milk, and to reveal the potential risk of exposure to these elements through milk consumption in adults. For this purpose, a total of 216 individual raw cows’ milk samples, 72 drinking water samples and 72 feed samples were collected from 24 dairy farms. The levels of selected potentially toxic elements were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Health risk assessment was revealed by calculating the estimated daily intake and target hazard quotient. All elements, except for Cd and Hg, were detected in all analyzed samples. target hazard quotient values calculated for all elements, except aluminum, were found to be below 1. These results highlight that exposure to Al through milk consumption in this region may lead to health risks in adults.
The first 28 days of a calf ’s life, during which calf losses and diseases are most common, constitute the most critical phase of its development. Among neonatal disorders, diarrhea remains a major challenge in bovine medicine, causing substantial health and economic losses. Oxidative stress plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of disease by disrupting the balance between reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and antioxidant defenses. Though earlier research mostly looked at single oxidant or antioxidant agents, few comprehensive analyses including several oxidative indicators in neonatal calves exist. Calculated as the ratio of total oxidant capacity) to total antioxidant capacity, the oxidative stress index gives a broad index of redox balance. Further, ischemia-modified albumin, has been found to be a sensitive oxidative protein changes indicator. To characterize the oxidative condition associated with total oxidant capacity, total antioxidant capacity, oxidative stress index, albumin, and ischemia-modified albumin levels in both diarrheic and normal neonatal calves, this study investigated diarrheic calves had considerably higher ischemia-modified albumin levels (P < 0.05), showing more oxidative stress. Total oxidant capacity, total antioxidant capacity, and oxidative stress index also exhibited upward trend. This trend following an oxidative shift. Positive correlations existed between total oxidant capacity and oxidative stress index; negative correlations between total antioxidant capacity and oxidative stress index as well as between albumin and total oxidant capacity. These correlations revealed significant connections among these parameters. Ultimately, this research presents a combined oxidative stress profile for neonatal calf diarrhea and stresses ischemia-modified albumin as a possible biomarker for assessing oxidative instability. These findings point to oxidative changes that contribute to the onset of neonatal diarrhea and therefore support the use of IMA as an alternative diagnostic approach for neonatal calves.
Este estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar simultáneamente los niveles de zonulina en heces y sangre como un verdadero biomarcador para la detección y la gravedad del intestino permeable, que puede desarrollarse debido a diarrea infecciosa o no infecciosa de diversas causas etiológicas en perros. Cincuenta y cuatro perros, 45 con gastroenteritis y 9 perros sanos, fueron llevados a la clínica con antecedentes de diarrea de al menos un día de duración y fueron clasificados según su etiología según análisis clínicos de laboratorio. Los niveles de zonulina se determinaron a partir de muestras de sangre y heces mediante el ensayo de inmunoadsorción ligado a enzima. Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre el grupo sano y todos los grupos en cuanto a zonulina sérica y fecal. Los niveles de zonulina fecal en el grupo enfermo difirieron significativamente entre el grupo con coronavirus y los grupos con giardia y parvovirus, mientras que los niveles séricos de zonulina también difirieron significativamente en el grupo con moquillo. Los hallazgos sugieren que los niveles de zonulina fecal y sérica pueden utilizarse como un biomarcador no invasivo de disfunción de la barrera hematoencefálica en perros con gastroenteritis.
The guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) is a fiber-adapted herbivorous rodent with a particular digestive system based on cecal fermentation to maximize nutrient utilization. However, Knowledge regarding the nutritional requirements of guinea pigs and the evaluation of feedstuffs remains limited. This study assessed the in vitro digestibility of agro- industrial by-products as alternative feed sources for guinea pigs, using a three-phase digestion model simulating gastric, intestinal, and cecal fermentation. Agro-industrial by-products from horticultural sources (broccoli and cabbage) and agricultural sources (corn husk and sugarcane bagasse), as well as a conventional guinea pigs diet, were evaluated. Chemical composition, in vitro dry matter digestibility, and gas production throughout cecal fermentation were determined. Significant differences in chemical composition were observed among the tested by-products. Horticultural wastes showed lower fiber and higher crude protein content (19.7 – 22.3 %) compared to agricultural by-products (1.76 – 5.08 %, P < 0.05). In vitro dry matter digestibility was higher (67 – 73 %, P < 0.05) in horticultural by-products, whereas gas production was lower in corn husk and sugarcane bagasse (253 – 290 mL/g of DM), exhibiting lower fermentative activity. In conclusion, agro-industrial by-products represent a feasible nutritional alternative for guinea pigs, and horticultural residues demonstrating superior digestibility and fermentative potential (574 – 587 mL/g of DM). These findings support the development of more sustainable and cost-effective feeding strategies for guinea pig production, while also providing a non-invasive alternative that eliminates the need for animal slaughter.
To evaluate the calving interval and productive lifespan of grazing Brahman cows, as well as the influence of non-genetic factors on these traits, production records from two farms located in the Barinas State, Venezuela, were used. The animals were managed under an extensive system, with two breeding seasons per year and mineral supplementation. Data were analyzed using additive linear models with restricted maximum likelihood. For calving interval, the following were considered as fixed effects: farm, calf sex, year and season of calving, parity, type of service, and their interactions, including calf weight at weaning adjusted to 205 days as a covariate. For productive lifespan, the following were evaluated: farm, year and season of birth, their interaction, and age at first calving as a covariate. The average calving interval was 544.6 days, significantly influenced by the year and parity of calving, as well as by various interactions between environmental and management factors. The average productive lifespan was 1764.3 days, primarily affected by farm, year of birth, and age at first calving. It is concluded that non-genetic factors exert a significant influence on the reproductive performance and functional longevity of Brahman cows, and should therefore be considered in genetic evaluations and reproductive management decisions in tropical grazing systems.
The objective of study was to determine the fat content and blood lipid profile in guinea pigs fed with omega-3 fatty acids from fish oil and sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis) seed. Forty-eight male guinea pigs, with an average initial weight of 300 grams, were randomly assigned to four treatments with three replicates (ponds) with four guinea pigs each. The treatments were: 1) Control diet, 2) Diet with 1.0 % fish oil, 3) Diet with 4.0 % sacha inchi seed and 4) Diet with 1.0 % fish oil + 4.0 % sacha inchi seed. Guinea pigs receiving the control diet had a triglyceride concentration of 97 mg/dL, the diet with 1 % fish oil had 85.5 mg/dL (P > 0.05); while the diet with 4 % sacha inchi seed showed a numerical increased to 93.5 mg/dL of triglyceride (P > 0.05), the diet with sacha inchi seed + fish oil showed a decreasing trend to 76.5 mg/dL (P > 0.05). In Total Cholesterol the guinea pigs that received the Control diet showed a concentration of 63 mg/dL, the diet only fish oil had a concentration of 57.5 mg/dL and the diet with 4 % sacha inchi seed had a concentration of 66 mg/dL (P > 0.05); however, with the combination of sacha inchi seed + fish oil the Total Cholesterol concentration was maintained at 59 mg/dL. No effect of the diet on high-density lipoproteins concentration was found, because the values obtained were between 18 and 20 mg/dL. The physiological role of the combination of sacha inchi seed with fish oil in numerically reducing triglyceride and Total Cholesterol with respect to Control diet is highlighted. It is concluded that the combination of sacha inchi seed with fish oil showed a trend towards lower triglyceride levels in the blood of guinea pigs and fish oil showed lower Total Cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins. The diet with sacha inchi seed showed lower amounts of total fat, saturated fatty acid and monounsaturated fatty acid in the guinea pig carcass with respect to the other treatments, although these differences were not statistically significant.
Artisanal fresh cheese is a widely consumed food that can become a vehicle for potentially pathogenic and drug-resistant bacteria. The objective of this study was to perform a microbiological analysis and evaluate the antibiotic resistance of pathogenic bacteria from artisanal cheeses collected from markets in Ja & eacute;n, 2025. The study was descriptive with a quantitative, non-experimental approach. One hundred and twenty samples of fresh cheese (10 grams each) were analyzed for the quantification of total coliforms and mesophilic bacteria from eight markets in the Ja & eacute;n district. Samples stored for no more than three days and from formal sales outlets were included. The cheese was collected in labeled sterile Ziploc bags and transported under aseptic and refrigerated conditions (4 degrees C). Serial dilutions were prepared with the 10(-)& sup1; dilution serving as the stock solution. In addition, the presence of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was biochemically demonstrated and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase and methicillin-resistant strains were phenotypically identified, respectively. Among the results, a high microbial load was reported for mesophilic bacteria (4.80 & times; 10(5) CFU/g) and total coliforms (1.22 & times; 10(4) CFU/g). These results exceeded permissible limits, with the Santa Rosa Market reporting the highest bacterial load. Additionally, S. aureus (35.00 %) and E. coli (21.67 %) were identified in artisanal cheeses. extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing E. coli and methicillin-resistant S. aureus were found in 100.00 and 14.29% of the strains, respectively. In conclusion, artisanal fresh cheeses sold in the city of Ja & eacute;n exhibit high levels of mesophilic bacteria and total coliforms, and the presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase -producing E. coli and S. aureus methicillin-resistant strains was also observed.
The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of dimethylsulfoxide at 10 %, on sperm quality and fertilizing capacity cachama (Piaractus orinoquensis) cryopreserved, for the production of cachamas hybrid fry (Colossoma macropomum x Piaractus orinoquensis). Eight male animals white cachamas, induced with salmon pituitary analog (OVA-RH (R)) at a rate of 1 mu g/Kg. Eighteen hours after the injection, the semen was collected, underwent seminal evaluation (treatment 1), and was cryopreserved in 10 % dimethylsulfoxide at a ratio (1: 4) Semen - cryoprotectant in 0.5 mL straws to - 196 degrees C immersed in liquid nitrogen (treatment 2). After 20 days they made the seminal post-thawing evaluation. The rates of fertilization, hatching and larval morphological abnormalities were determined for each treatment using plates of petri for incubation each with 100 black cachamas oocytes (Colossoma macropomum) sexually mature. The data obtained for semen analysis were expressed as Mean +/- Standard Deviation and registered for sperm mobility and activation time in fresh semen and cryopreserved values were compared using Generalized Linear Model with Duncan test. For variables fertilization, hatching and larval morphological abnormality in Chi-square test. In the seminal evaluation fresh semen (P < 0.05) showed better condition than the cryopreserved semen. Fertilization and hatching rates of larvae showed significant differences (P < 0.05) in favor of eggs hatched and fertilized with fresh white cachama semen.
