Na verdade, as mulheres negras representam o maior grupo demográfico do Brasil. Apesar disso, existem piores condições de trabalho. Além disso, mesmo os principais ficam responsáveis pelas tarefas domésticas, bem como pelas longas jornadas de trabalho. Com base nessas afirmações, este estudo tem como objetivo comparar os níveis de percepção de discriminação cotidiana, preconceito e conflito trabalho-família em dois grupos: mulheres negras e homens brancos. Participarão 332 trabalhadores brasileiros, sendo 73,2% mulheres negras e 26,8% homens brancos, com idade entre 18 e 73 anos. A análise de Mann-Whitney mostrou que as mulheres negras têm percepções médias mais elevadas de discriminação quotidiana e de conflito trabalho-família, e os homens brancos têm percepções médias mais elevadas de negação de preconceitos. Conclui-se, portanto, que a sociedade ainda se constituiu como eminentemente racista e sexista. Tomados em conjunto, esses pontos proporcionam reflexões relevantes sobre o tema.
El presente estudio analiza los perfiles de inclusión laboral de personas con discapacidad a partir de la articulación entre los factores contextuales de la Clasificación Internacional del Funcionamiento, la Discapacidad y la Salud (CIF) y el modelo de Calidad de Vida (CdV). Con un enfoque mixto, descriptivo y exploratorio, se estudian cuatro casos de personas participantes del Programa SUMA, una iniciativa de la Intendencia de Montevideo orientada al diseño de soluciones técnicas personalizadas para la adaptación al puesto de trabajo. Se aplicaron instrumentos estandarizados (WHODAS 2.0 para la evaluación del funcionamiento y la severidad de la discapacidad, y MOS para el apoyo social percibido) y entrevistas semiestructuradas. Los resultados fueron analizados mediante una operacionalización conjunta de ambos modelos, que permitió construir perfiles individuales y visualizarlos a través de gráficos radiales (spider charts). A partir del modelo CIF se identifican configuraciones heterogéneas de barreras y facilitadores, destacándose el rol central de los apoyos sociales y las persistentes tensiones vinculadas a la accesibilidad. Y con el modelo de CdV se evidencian desbalances entre dimensiones del bienestar, aún en contextos de inclusión laboral activa, lo que subraya la distancia entre inclusión formal y experiencia subjetiva de calidad de vida. La articulación de ambos enfoques aporta una comprensión integral de los procesos de inclusión laboral, poniendo en valor el análisis casuístico y la complementariedad entre indicadores contextuales y percepciones subjetivas. Los hallazgos refuerzan la necesidad de políticas y programas que integren apoyos técnicos, sociales y psicosociales para promover trayectorias laborales significativas.
This study examined the relationships among smartphone dependence, online game addiction, affects, and loneliness, testing affects as mediators. Participants were 459 online multiplayer gamers aged 18 to 60 years who completed measures of smartphone dependence, loneliness, affect, game addiction, and demographics. Results showed that game addiction was positively associated with smartphone dependence, loneliness, and negative affect; and negatively associated with positive affect and age. Regression analyses indicated that smartphone dependence, positive affect, and negative affect significantly predicted game addiction, explaining 34% of its variance, while loneliness did not directly predict game addiction. Mediation analyses revealed that negative affect mediated the indirect effects of both smartphone dependence and loneliness on game addiction, whereas positive affect mediated only the indirect effect of smartphone dependence on game addiction. These findings advance understanding of the psychological mechanisms underlying dysfunctional technology use and suggest that fostering positive affect may be an important protective factor against smartphone dependence and game addiction.
A primeira infância é um período fundamental, com impactos imediatos e de longo prazo na aprendizagem, no desenvolvimento e na saúde da criança. Este artigo teve como objetivo caracterizar variáveis sociodemográficas, tempo de tela, brincar e socialização de crianças que frequentam o último ano de uma creche, além de verificar a influência conjunta desses fatores no desenvolvimento infantil. O estudo adotou um delineamento quantitativo, descritivo, correlacional e preditivo. Participaram da pesquisa 66 crianças, com idades entre 33 e 55 meses, das quais 36 eram meninas, matriculadas no ciclo 4 de uma instituição de educação infantil, além de seus pais, que atuaram como informantes. Seis professoras avaliaram o nível de socialização dos alunos. Foram utilizados o Inventário Portage Operacionalizado, o Critério Brasil e um questionário com dados sociodemográficos e informações sobre comportamentos, que incluía tempo de brincar e uso de tela. Os resultados indicam associações pontuais entre nível socioeconômico, tempo de tela e de brincar com diferentes domínios do desenvolvimento. A percepção docente sobre a socialização, combinada com o tempo de tela, mostrou-se preditora do desenvolvimento global. Conclui-se que as relações contemporâneas apresentam o uso de tecnologias e estabelecem novas formas de brincar, as quais podem gerar desafios já na primeira infância e demandam atenção científica e social.
Este artículo tiene como objetivo definir por medio de un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales las actitudes y prácticas de las personas investigadoras de las cinco universidades estatales de Costa Rica (Universidad de Costa Rica, Universidad Nacional, Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Universidad Técnica Nacional y Universidad Estatal a Distancia) con respecto a la divulgación de la ciencia durante el año 2021. El marco teórico orientador utilizado es la teoría del comportamiento planificado (TCP). Es un estudio cuantitativo, transversal de una única medición, de alcance descriptivo, que empleó como principal técnica de recolección de datos un cuestionario, aplicado a una muestra de 545 personas investigadoras, cuyas respuestas fueron utilizadas para la elaboración de un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales basado en covarianza (CB-SEM). Los hallazgos principales apuntan a una alta motivación en el personal investigador para realizar actividades de divulgación, a pesar de observarse poco apoyo percibido por parte de las universidades. Los factores que facilitaron la intención de participar en actividades de divulgación se encuentran asociados a las actitudes y al control conductual percibido, siendo la norma subjetiva el elemento de menor influencia. En conjunto, estos tres factores explican un 52.2 % de la varianza de las intenciones hacia la divulgación, y las intenciones hacia la divulgación explican un 34.2 % de la varianza de las prácticas divulgativas. Estos resultados ofrecen una base empírica para diseñar estrategias institucionales que promuevan la divulgación científica como una práctica regular dentro del quehacer académico costarricense.
O presente estudo tem como principal objetivo a conceptualização de perfis motivacionais, com base nos pressupostos da teoria da autodeterminação (selfdetermination theory [SDT]; Ryan & Deci, 2019). Para isso, recorremos ao método de análise de clusters para identificar as diferenças que estes apresentam no suporte parental percebido em relação à carreira, aos comportamentos de exploração vocacional e à indecisão de carreira. Esta abordagem centrada nos indivíduos procura enriquecer a discussão em torno das razões subjacentes ao envolvimento nas tarefas relacionadas com o proceso de tomada de decisão de carreira. Para além disso, acompanha a multidimensionalidade da SDT que sublinha a intenção de estudar a qualidade da motivação e a sua associação ao comportamento vocacional. De acordó com a expectativa teórica, a análise de clusters organizou e distinguiu três perfis teoricamente relevantes. Dois desses perfis apresentam-se como conceptualmente opostos (alunos autodeterminados e não autodeterminados). Obtivemos também um perfil de alunos com níveis de motivação intermédios (que não se situam num dos extremos do continuum da autodeterminação) e que são analisados de um ponto de vista mais exploratório. Os resultados do estudo demonstram que as abordagens centradas nos indivíduos são um complemento eficaz às abordagens centradas nas variáveis, uma vez que providenciam uma maior robustez aos resultados e riqueza na análise de diferentes grupos. Demonstram também a importância da utilização deste método no estudo do funcionamento motivacional relativo aos processos de carreira e fornecem pistas para a conceptualização e preparação de intervenções vocacionais.
La depresión es uno de los padecimientos más frecuentes en población adulta; si bien la literatura indica que los hombres la presentan en menor medida que las mujeres, esto podría deberse a la forma en la que están expresando los síntomas. En el presente estudio se probaron modelos de regresión para identificar el papel que juegan la conformidad con las normas sociales de masculinidad, así como las actividades cotidianas y la búsqueda de ayuda en el riesgo de depresión en una muestra de 207 hombres con un promedio de edad de 28.6 años (DE = 8.60). Se utilizó la Escala de Riesgo de Depresión Masculina (MDRS-22, por sus siglas en inglés), el Inventario de Conformidad con las Normas de Masculinidad (CMNI-22, por sus siglas en inglés), el Cuestionario de Cosas que Haces (TYDQ-21, por sus siglas en inglés) y la dimensión de búsqueda de ayuda del Cuestionario de Alfabetización en Salud Mental (MHLq, por sus siglas en inglés). Los resultados mostraron que en una de las muestras estudiadas la conformidad con las normas sociales y las conexiones sociales fueron variables predictoras del riesgo de depresión en hombres. En la otra muestra, la búsqueda de ayuda fue la variable más importante para explicar el riesgo de depresión en hombres. Se discuten los datos en función de las diferencias para manifestar la depresión en hombres.
O objetivo deste estudo é analisar as perceções de reclusos sobre a sua saúde mental, sobre as barreiras à utilização de serviços de saúde mental e sobre a procura de suporte, bem como a relação dessas variáveis com a satisfação com o estabelecimento prisional. A amostra é constituída por 136 participantes do sexo masculino, com idades entre os 21 e os 68 anos (M = 38.27; DP = 11.41). Os dados foram recolhidos através de um questionário de autorresposta em duas prisões portuguesas. Mais de metade dos reclusos (52.6 %) refere sentimentos de fracasso e de ter deixado a família mal. O medo de que a informação seja usada contra o próprio (38.5 %) e o receio de quebra de confidencialidade (35.9 %) foram as barreiras à utilização de serviços de saúde mental mais referidas. A fonte de suporte à qual os participantes mais recorrem é a família/parceiro(a) (85.3 %). Foi encontrada uma associação positiva fraca entre o total de barreiras à utilização de serviços e o total de preocupações diárias dos reclusos. Um menor número de preocupações diárias, um menor número de barreiras à utilização de serviços de saúde mental e um maior número de fontes de suporte foram preditores de uma maior probabilidade de estar satisfeito com o estabelecimento prisional. São apresentadas implicações para a prática e para a investigação decorrentes dos resultados do presente estudo.
The Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (SMFQ) is a screening tool to assess depressive symptoms in childhood. The aim of this study is to examine the psychometric properties and factorial structure of the parent version of the SMFQ in a sample of Ecuadorian parents and their children. The sample consisted of 276 Ecuadorian children aged 8 to 12 years (M = 9.37; SD = 1.36), of whom 59.06 % were between 8 and 9 years old and 40.94 % were between 10 and 12 years old. The gender distribution was 45.29 % girls and 54.71 % boys. The primary informants were mothers (87 %, n = 240), the majority of whom were between 35 and 44 years old, and married (72.1 %). Participants completed the SMFQ-P to assess depressive symptoms, as well as the Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale-Short Version (SCAS) to examine anxiety symptoms. The results of the factorial analysis supported the unidimensional structure of the SMFQ-P. Additionally, the SMFQ-P demonstrated adequate internal consistency (α = 0.94) and evidence of convergent validity (r = 0.67) with the SCAS, and strict factorial invariance. A positive correlation was found between the SMFQ-P and children’s age, suggesting that depressive symptoms increase as children grow older. In conclusion, this study provides evidence supporting the utility of the SMFQ-P questionnaire for evaluating depression in Ecuadorian children.
Beginning at the emergence of the feminist student movement (2018), from a regional (the struggle for the legalization of abortion and the hashtag, #NiUnaMenos) and global context (#MeToo), women's identification with feminism has become increasingly visible in Chile. The objective of this article is to analyze the different forms of identifying with feminism, and reasons for identifying with or not identifying with feminism. A total of 18 semi-structured interviews were conducted with non-activist women, aged 18-66 years, in Chile. Reflexive thematic analysis enabled the construction of four configurations along a continuum of identification: non-identifying (with partial agreement with feminist goals), ambivalent identification ("I'm afeminist, but"), identification with feminism and the undecideds. The main reason for non-identifying individuals was negative stereotypes toward feminists; while a desire for equality was the main reason to self-identify as a feminist. The representation of an individual, theoretical, dissociated from practices, and depoliticized feminism constitutes a barrier to an understanding of the social movement. This represents, for feminist collectives, the challenge of generating new dissemination strategies in the struggle for the social transformations they promote.
Fibromyalgia is a condition primarily characterized by chronic and nociplastic pain, accompanied by fatigue and sleep disturbances. Its etiology is unknown, which complicates diagnosis, and the benefits of pharmacological treatment are not sustained in the long term. It has a prevalence of approximately 4 % of the global population and predominantly affects women. Solution-Focused Brief Therapy ( (sFBT (sFBT) is part of evidence-based models; however, it has not yet been specifically studied in individuals with fibromyalgia. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate its effectiveness in reducing pain levels and impairments in functioning, anxiety, and depression in women diagnosed with fibromyalgia. Using a quasi-experimental single-case design ( (scED (scED), with pre-and post-test and repeated measures, 14 women diagnosed with fibromyalgia participated voluntarily and with informed consent in a six-session intervention conducted weekly, each session lasting 90 minutes. Results. A statistically significant difference (p = 0.031) was observed in fibromyalgia impact levels, with a reduction in severity. Regarding emotional distress, a downward trend was observed. Significant differences were found in anxiety levels reported on the scaling question between participants who were employed and those who were not employed (p = 0.041). A thematic analysis of participants' verbalizations revealed that they perceived their experience in the workshop as beneficial. The results of the sFBT intervention suggest that it fostered hope, developed coping skills, and improved emotional and physical symptoms in women with fibromyalgia, establishing a precedent for further research on the impact of Solution-Focused Brief Therapy on chronic illnesses in Mexico.
The present study, anchored in the structural approach, sought to examine the content and structure of social representations of mental health among de students of higher education institutions (HEI), and therefore adopted a technique still little used in structural studies: the Centrality Index of social representation from Evocations (INCEV). This enables the identification and confirmation of centrality of the representational elements in a single data collection step, which is a methodological advantage. A total of 483 students from public HEI in the Brazilian southeast participated, mostly cisgender women (76.4 %), young people (89 %), courses in the health area (41.2 %) and early semesters (61.7 %). The data collection included an online questionnaire, composed of sociodemographic questions, a conferir about "mental health", and questions about the importance and unconditionality of each question of evocation. The sociodemographic data were treated by means of descriptive analysis, while the evocations were subjected to prototypical analysis with the aid of IRaMuTeQ software and the calculation of INCEV. The prototypical analysis identified the following as a central core hypothesis anxiety, therapy, depression, balance, need, peace, rest and important. INCEV, in turn, confirmed the centrality of the elements anxiety and therapy, demonstrating its effectiveness to be efficient as a confirmatory technique. These data, which corroborate the results of several other studies, indicate that, for university students, mental health is associated with a state of emotional vulnerability, expressedby the term 'anxiety', requiring care (therapy). This highlights the need for HEIs to be attentive to this issue and promote actions that contribute to positive and in the academic environment.
Early childhood is a fundamental period, with immediate and long-term impacts on a child's learning, development, and health. This article aimed to characterize sociodemographic variables, screen time, play time, and socialization of children attending the final year of a early childhood education institution, as well as to verify the joint influence of these factors on child development. The study adopted a quantitative, descriptive, correlational, and predictive design. Participants included 66 children, between 33 and 55 months old, of whom 36 were girls, enrolled in "Cycle 4" of an early childhood education institution, along with their parents, who served as informants. Six teachers evaluated the students' level of socialization. The instruments used were the Operationalized Portage Inventory, the Brazil Criterion (Crit & eacute;rio Brasil), and a questionnaire containing sociodemographic data and behavioral information, including play time and screen use. The results indicate specific associations between socioeconomic status, screen time, and play time with different developmental domains. Teachers' perception of socialization, combined with screen time, proved to be a predictor of global development. It is concluded that contemporary relationships involve the use of technologies and establish new ways of playing, which can create challenges as early as in early childhood and demand scientific and social attention.
This study examines social media influencers from the perspective of their followers, aiming to identify the characteristics they admire, the reasons for following them, and the areas of life in which influence is perceived. A mixed, qualitative-quantitative approach was employed with a sample of 960 Argentine adults who are social media users. Through thematic analysis of open-ended responses, central categories were identified, including personality and values, lifestyle and knowledge, skills and creativity, and entertainment and aesthetics. Results indicate that perceived influence is greater when followers value personal traits, inspiration, and identification. Differences were also observed according to age and educational level. These findings extend the understanding of the phenomenon beyond consumption, highlighting its impact on attitudes, values, and lifestyles.
This study aims to understand the repercussions of an online group intervention forbereaved pet owners grieving the loss of their companion animals. Seven open group meetings were conducted, with the participation of 28 individuals. After the meetings, 19 participants evaluated the group experience through individual interviews. The analysis was based on the Phenomenological Method of Psychological Investigation and on the Heideggerian theoretical framework. Three categories were developed: (1) feelings of acceptance and validation, highlighting how the group provided an essential space for validating individual emotions and experiences; (2) resonances of the shared experience of grief, showing how the exchange of stories helped participants re-signify and reassess their grief; and (3) a sense of belonging and mutual support, emphasizing the importance of support and connection among group members. The online group model was considered important for providing a safe and enriching environment for the expression and understanding of grief, allowing for a deeper and more meaningful transformation in the coping process. This study contributes to the literature on grief and virtual interventions, especially in the context of pet loss. Recommendations for future studies were also presented.
Purchasing behaviour is not an isolated act and is associated with attitudinal attitudes that manifest themselves in purchasing decisions: rational, impulsive or compulsive. This research with 290 teachers, had the objective of investigating whether attitudes towards consumption and purchasing (rational, impulsive and compulsive) are predictors of materialism among basic education teachers in cities in the centre-west of Brazil, as well as analyzing the possible association of materialism with sociodemographic variables. A scale of attitudes towards consumption and a scale of materialism were used. The results show that attitudes towards consumption and purchasing (impulsive and compulsive) are predictors of materialism, with a significant difference regarding the stage of professional activity. Impulsive teachers also tend to be compulsive. The findings open space to discuss the inclusion of economic themes in the initial and continuing training of teachers in view of the impact of this professional on the training of the next generations.
This article uses a structural equation model to define the attitudes and practices of researchers from Costa Rica's five public universities (University of Costa Rica, National University, Costa Rican Institute of Technology, National Technical University and Distance State University) regarding science communication in 2021. The guiding theoretical framework is the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). This quantitative, cross-sectional, single-measurement study had a descriptive scope and employed a questionnaire as the main data collection technique. The instrument was administered to a sample of 545 researchers, and their responses were used to construct a covariance-based structural equation model (CB-SEM). The main findings indicate a high level of motivation among researchers to engage in science communication activities despite limited perceived institutional support from universities. The factors facilitating the intention to participate in communication activities were associated with attitudes and perceived behavioural control; subjective norms were the least influential element. Together, these three factors explain 52.2 % of the variance in intentions towards science communication, while intentions explain 34.2 % of the variance in communication practices. These results provide an empirical basis for designing institutional strategies to promote scientific dissemination as a regular practice within Costa Rican academia. Keywords: dissemination, science, structural equation models, theory of planned behaviour, Consejo Nacional de Rectores
This article is based on the systematisation of a longitudinal research experience (2013-2025) in working-class neighbourhoods. It problematises the hegemonic psychological training in Argentina, historically marked by a predominance of individualistic clinical approaches and their uncritical extrapolation to the social sphere. The article argues for the need for an ontological and epistemological rupture in community action within contexts of urban segregation and structural poverty. Through a qualitative research design of the instrumental case study type, the article presents findings that reveal community responses to an intermittent state presence, drawing on experiences in working-class neighbourhoods of the city of Salta (Argentina). The findings highlight the feminisation of community management, the cartographic dissonance between lived territory and normative mapping, and the emergence of a community in struggle as a political response. The discussion articulates these findings with contributions from community social psychology, epistemologies of the South, and feminist economics. It concludes that the discipline must abandon the role of expert in order to adopt a sentipensante praxis that politicises distress, validates local knowledges, and accompanies the restitution of violated rights.
The current study aims at analyzing inmates' perceptions on their own mental health, barriers to mental health service use and help-seeking, and their relationship with satisfaction with the prison facility. The sample comprises 136 male participants, aged between 21 and 68 years (M = 38.27; SD = 11.41). Data were collected through a self-administered survey in two Portuguese prisons. More than half of inmates (52.6%) report feelings of failure and of having let their families down. Being afraid that information can be used against them (38.5 %) and lack of confidentiality (35.9 %) were the most frequently mentioned barriers to mental health service use. Participants mostly seek support from their family/partner (85.3 %). A weak positive association was found between the total number of barriers identified and inmates' daily concerns. A lower number of daily concerns and perceived barriers, and a high number of perceived sources of support predicted a higher likelihood of being satisfied with the institution. Implications for practice and research arising from the results of this study are presented.
Depression is one of the most common mental health conditions in the adult population. Even though the literature states that men present it less frequently than women, this may be due to the way they're expressing their symptoms. In the present study, regression models were tested to identify how conformity to social norms of masculinity, daily activities and attitude toward help seekin can play a role in the risk of depression in a sample of 207 men with an average age of 28.6 years (SD = 8.60). The Male Depression Risk Scale (MDRS-22), The inventory of Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory (CMNI-22), The Things You Do Questionnaire (TYDQ-21) and the dimension of attitude toward help-seeking of the Mental Health Literacy Questionnaire (MHLq) were used. The results showed that in one of the samples studied, conformity to male norms and social connections were predictor variables for risk of depression in men. In the other sample, the variable of attitude toward help-seeking was the most important variable to explain risk of depression in men. The data is discussed regarding the differences in the manifestation of depression in men.
