A escalada do conflito Israel–Palestina a partir de outubro de 2023, com particular incidência sobre a Faixa de Gaza, intensificou a crise humanitária e renovou a centralidade da representação mediática das populações deslocadas. Neste contexto, o jornalismo televisivo desempenha um papel relevante na mediação do sofrimento e na definição das condições através das quais determinadas vidas se tornam visíveis e reconhecíveis no espaço público. Este artigo examina os enquadramentos noticiosos, as estruturas narrativas, as fontes de informação e o grau de humanização da representação nas reportagens da RTP1 e da SIC sobre refugiados palestinianos, entre 2023 e 2025. A investigação adota uma abordagem qualitativa interpretativa, combinando análise crítica do discurso e análise narrativa, aplicada a um corpus de 20 reportagens emitidas em períodos de elevada visibilidade mediática. Os resultados evidenciam a predominância de um enquadramento humanitário, particularmente na RTP1, e de narrativas centradas na vitimização e sobrevivência das populações civis. A presença recorrente de testemunhos diretos de civis palestinianos contribui para a individualização e humanização da representação, embora a autoridade interpretativa permaneça frequentemente ancorada em fontes institucionais. A análise demonstra, assim, que o reconhecimento mediático não decorre automaticamente da visibilidade, mas depende das condições narrativas e discursivas que estruturam a representação, nomeadamente da forma como as vozes são posicionadas, os sujeitos identificados e as experiências individualizadas. O estudo evidencia, deste modo, o papel ativo do jornalismo televisivo na construção das condições de reconhecimento dos refugiados palestinianos no espaço público.
Mental health is a key social issue, and the media plays a vital role in shaping public awareness and attitudes. Social media platforms, such as X (formerly Twitter), have become important channels for disseminating information and influencing perceptions. This study explores how leading eleven Spanish online newspapers addressed mental health on X between 2015 and 2022, with a focus on language use, gender stereotypes, emotional tone, and the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic. A mixed-methods approach was used, combining statistical analysis, text mining, and machine learning techniques. These analyses draw on Goffman’s framing theory. A total of 4,049 tweets related to mental health were collected and analyzed. Linear regression and k-means clustering were applied to classify emotional content and identify patterns of dissemination. The analysis revealed that mental health terms such as “crazy” and “anorexia” were frequently used in sensationalist contexts, often linked to political figures or celebrities. Tweets expressing negative emotions (particularly fear, anger, and sadness) were the most common and tended to generate higher engagement. After the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic, both the frequency of mental health-related tweets and the use of sensationalist language increased. However, there was also a notable increase in positive emotions. The findings suggest that sensationalist language, gender stereotypes, and negative emotional framing contribute to the stigmatization of mental health. Nevertheless, the post-pandemic period shows a shift toward more positive emotional content, indicating a potential change in how mental health is portrayed in media.
This article is a critical review of the research that looked at the effectiveness of fact-checking in journalism during the years 2010 to 2025. It bases its arguments on the 148 studies that were found through citation-tracking and qualitative synthesis and that led to the identification of three phases of scholarly understanding. The first one recognized as early skepticism about corrective effects. The second is a period of reassessment showing conditional effectiveness; and the third is concentrated on recent innovations including explanatory formats, preventive inoculation, and artificial intelligence. Throughout these stages, the evidence is consistent with the view that fact-checking is capable of reducing misperceptions, but it is still limited mainly by motivated political polarization and media literacy. The article maintains that fact-checking is to be considered as a multidimensional journalistic practice which entails cognitive and technological strategies. It points out the consequences for newsroom routines, fact-checking organizations, and professional training, especially the necessity of combining design-based corrections with community engagement. By connecting the theoretical debates with the professional challenges, the review employs fact-checking as a tool to address journalism ethics and digital platform governance issues.
In this article, we examine the articulation of meanings about extreme weather events on digital platforms by analyzing public debates surrounding the 2024 floods in Valencia (Spain) and Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil). The study aims to identify convergences and divergences in discussions about disasters of similar magnitude across different platforms and countries. We analyzed the Brazilian and Spanish content with more interactions on Facebook and X/Twitter, coded through five analytical categories: Outlet Types, Sources, Themes, Framing, and Veracity. Results indicate that in both contexts, users predominantly engaged with journalistic content and the theme of "relief initiatives." However, notable differences emerged in framing strategies: Brazilian discussions emphasized personalization and accountability, while Spanish conversations focused on political conflict and human interest. Furthermore, both countries showed limited engagement with content addressing structural causes within broader climate crisis discussions, alongside minimal representation of scientific experts and institutions as sources. We conclude that, although digital platforms operate globally, the differences in their specific architectures combined with distinct national political contexts significantly shape the preferred meanings circulating in public discourse.
Esta investigación analiza la presencia y difusión en la prensa española de narrativas mediáticas de romantización y ‘trendinización’ de la precariedad laboral. Para ello, presta atención a nuevos conceptos que se presentan como tendencias aspiracionales en el ámbito del trabajo. Concretamente, abordamos los términos ‘salario emocional’, ‘trabacaciones’, ‘power nap’, ‘reskilling’/`upskilling’ y ‘jefe de la felicidad’, que han aparecido con frecuencia en diversas cabeceras entre 2014 y 2024. Estos conceptos promueven ciertos hábitos de los empleados en su lugar de trabajo, defienden diferentes estrategias empresariales o exponen supuestos beneficios de implementar cambios en las condiciones laborales. La muestra incluye 1.021 piezas procedentes de periódicos generalistas (El País, El Mundo, El Confidencial y ElDiario.es) y diarios económicos (Expansión y El Economista). Con el análisis crítico del discurso como herramienta metodológica, los resultados muestran que la homogeneidad constituye el elemento vertebral de estos relatos periodísticos. Así, durante la década observada, los medios seleccionados han mantenido una notable continuidad en sus enfoques sobre nuevas tendencias laborales. Una homogeneidad que también se da entre cabeceras: con excepción de ElDiario.es, encontramos estrategias discursivas y enfoques muy similares en los distintos medios. En concreto, los artículos que emplean los conceptos-clave estudiados fomentan que los trabajadores se perciban a sí mismos como individuos responsables de mejorar su bienestar: siempre pueden rendir más y más eficientemente. En el ámbito laboral, se implementan ciertas estrategias que impulsan a los empleados a modificar sus comportamientos con el propósito de transformarse y alcanzar un estado ideal de satisfacción personal y desempeño profesional. En plena sociedad postindustrial y con un mercado laboral que exige flexibilidad y ofrece incertidumbre, la precariedad se convierte en un elemento estructural del sistema productivo actual. Este estudio aporta una contribución relevante y poco explorada al mostrar cómo los medios no solo difunden conceptos laborales como modas aspiracionales, sino que también despolitizan la precariedad y refuerzan marcos neoliberales sobre el trabajo. De este modo, la investigación examina cómo el discurso mediático participa en la reproducción de desigualdades laborales.
