The quality of employment in the labor market of the seven largest metropolitan areas of central Mexico is analyzed, to identify the main segments of this market and monitor their evolution. Using cluster analysis, four segments are identified in each year considered, defined from two conditions: labor (in)formality and the sex of the worker, on which the salary level and access to current labor rights depend. The highest quality employment groups evolve positively in the most dynamic and productive metropolises but maintaining gender gaps.
Objective: this article analyzes transit migration patterns through Mexico and the support network available via casas de migrantes (migrant shelters) for individuals traveling toward the northern border. Methods: using the E-scan methodology, the study systematizes information on migration routes and services provided by casas de migrantes. Data were gathered through phone consultations with shelters and verified through digital and web-based sources. Results: the study identified and validated four major migration routes and documented a total of 103 casas de migrantes, offering various levels of support. Findings underscore the complexity of transit migration through Mexico and the vital role of these shelters. Conclusion: this research addresses a gap in the systematization and visualization of the support infrastructure for migrants in transit. Its main contribution lies in providing a guide and an interactive map of migration routes and casas de migrantes, aimed at supporting migrants, civil society, researchers, and policymakers.
Since dollarization in 2000, Ecuador has gone through various stages in its migration flow, influenced by economic and political factors. During the oil boom and under the government of Rafael Correa (2008-2015), migration decreased, as social policies were implemented to improve living conditions. However, political instability and economic crisis between 2016 and 2019 led to an increase in departures, especially to the United States, Spain, and Peru. The Covid-19 pandemic in 2020 temporarily halted these flows, but in 2021, there was a significant rise in migrants. The objective of this study is to measure migration flow in Ecuador from a historical perspective, using socioeconomic indicators to identify the causes, characteristics, and conse-quences of this phenomenon. The study employs a non-experimental, descriptive, and analytical design, enabling a longitudinal analysis of migration data from 1999 to 2023. Through socioe-conomic indicator analysis, migration is shown to be both a response to internal crises and an economic improvement strategy for Ecuadorian citizens. Periods of stability, such as the years of the oil boom and Rafael Correa's government, temporarily reduced migration by improving living conditions. However, subsequent economic and political instability, along with external crises such as the Covid-19 pandemic, have reactivated migration flows to destinations such as the United States, Spain, and Peru.
This study analyzes the incidence and key determinants of rural poverty in Durango, Mexico, in 2022 using a logistic regression model (Logit). The incidence of rural poverty in Durango in 2022 was 44.5 per cent. At a five por ciento significance level, the factors with the greatest influence on the probability of being poor were speaking an Indigenous language and having a low educational level, both for the head of household and the individual. Belonging to a household with a male head or a head who is a young adult (31-45 years old) also increased the probability of poverty, although to a lesser extent. These findings highlight the need to address the structural disadvantages faced by Indigenous peoples and to improve access to and the quality of education in the region.
This article analyses the migration of Argentine nationals to Spain between 2016 and 2024, with particular attention to their sociodemographic composition and integration into the labour market. To this end, the study draws on microdata from the Labour Force Survey, the Residential Variation Statistics, and the Municipal Register of Inhabitants, all compiled by Spain's National Statistics Institute (INE). The findings reveal the emergence of a new migratory cycle beginning in 2017, which intensified following the Covid-19 pandemic, resulting in a 66 por ciento increase in the stock of Argentine residents in Spain. While this flow retains historical features-such as gender parity, family-based migration, and settlement in regions with high labour demand and quality of life along the Mediterranean coast-it is distinguished by a higher proportion of individuals holding EU citizenship and possessing upper-secondary or tertiary education. These factors have contributed to a more balanced labour market integration, with Argentine migrants distributed across both white-and blue-collar occupations, and a notable presence of self-employed workers and entrepreneurs.
This article revisits Robert Castel's sociological proposal on social disaffiliation to understand the trajectories of migrant workers who have arrived in Chile in recent years. Based on interviews collected in two qualitative sociological investigations conducted in the Metropolitan Region, the aim is to analyze the processes of social disaffiliation and racialization experienced by migrants, revealing that their migratory status places them in a paradoxical situation: on one hand, they are excluded from integration and socialization processes due to their migrant condition; on the other, they are a functional part of society by integrating into a labor market that demands their workforce. This contradiction places them in a marginalized position that reveals their suffering and permanent uncertainty.
The aim of this study is to determine the extent to which social insurance can reduce income inequality among workers. This study explores the role of social insurance as a tool for minimizing income inequality among workers. By conducting a comparative analysis of six European countries -Norway, the Netherlands, Germany, Latvia, Romania, and Bulgaria- the research examines the correlation between the level of social insurance and the disparity in workers' incomes. The analysis identifies key indicators such as social insurance expenditures as a percentage of GDP, population coverage, minimum wage levels, and the Gini index to evaluate the effectiveness of social insurance systems. The findings highlight significant differences in how social insurance is implemented and its impact on income distribution across these countries. In particular, the study provides insights into the mechanisms through which social insurance can mitigate economic inequality and offers a comprehensive understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of various social insurance models. This detailed examination allows for a nuanced comparison that can inform policy decisions and improvements in social insurance practices aimed at achieving greater economic equality and social justice. By analyzing different models and approaches within the selected countries, the study seeks to identify best practices and provide recommendations for policy improvements in social insurance systems.
Paid domestic work is characterized by low and unstable wages and precarious conditions that push domestic workers closer to situations of poverty. The aim of the paper is to demonstrate that paid domestic work is a determinant of poverty at the state level over the period 2008-2018. Given the structure of the data, a sys-GMM dynamic panel methodology is used. The results show that paid domestic work contributes to reduce aggregate and moderate poverty, but tends to increase poverty, of an extreme nature and due to vulnerabilities. The evidence also suggests the idea of a segmented paid domestic labour market with differentiated income and working conditions. It is observed that for most entities this pattern is maintained, identifying four groups where paid domestic work acts as a mechanism that generates poverty; as an income alternative to combat it; as a way to reduce extreme poverty and vulnerabilities while increasing total and moderate poverty; and as a way to combat moderate poverty, but a generator of extreme poverty.
In the context of the neoliberal model and that of the self-denominated fourth transformation of Mexico, the review of three moments of sustainable development of Mexican cities is proposed. For which it is proposed as an objective of this investigation to present three moments related to the dimensions and indicators that allow the monitoring of the 2030 objectives in the main cities of Mexico. Through the application of the multiple correspondence methodology, it is argued that the significant social inequalities are the result of both the transformation in the economic model and the public policies implemented, in addition to the pandemic, which still demands attention to achieve compliance with the Millennium objectives in the metropolitan areas of our country.
Baja California is a region of contrasts, where each of its municipalities has unique demographic profiles that have led to differences in population growth and structure. This article aims to present the demographic context in which aging occurs in Baja California compared to Mexico. Based on the 2020 Population and Housing, it is found that migration has played a fundamental role in the state's aging process, slowing it down in municipalities with a higher proportion of residents born outside the state. It is concluded that the greatest challenge is ensuring social security, and given its relationship with formal employment, it is necessary to promote the creation of formal jobs with social benefits.
The objective of this article is to analyze the relationship between mining and socio-demographic transformations in the rural in the Coquimbo Region, Chile population based on descriptive statistics and a documentary review of specialized literature. The results indicate that, in areas with severe changes in land use for urbanization and installation of mines and tailings, whose environmental conditions have deteriorated due to pollution, water scarcity and desertification of the natural environment, there is a loss of rural population, aging and decline of primary activities. Thus, environmental degradation can lead to migration processes or changes in rural spatiality. Although traditional mining and the evolution of extractive cycles promote adverse demographic changes, prioritizing open-pit mining on a large scale may be accelerating such changes.
This article is research done in the United States and it seeks to analyze the labor gap and discrimination by Hispanics/Latinos in the labor market. How this affects their development and social growth. This does Hispanics/Latinos into a disposable labor army. Above all, most importantly, they arrive with an illusion of prosperity (American Dream) and do not make it, and they remain locked in the cage of precariousness, insecurity and in some cases poverty.
This article analyzes how internal mobility in Mexico -viewed through a gravitational model- can act as a precursor to international migration, while also revealing the shifting dynamics of regional development. In the context of accelerated population growth and increasing pressure on public services, identifying development poles and nodal zones becomes essential for designing effective metropolitan and regional strategies. This study applies a gravitational model from a territorial perspective, combining population data and inter-entity distances to estimate migratory potential and labor pressure among Mexico's 32 federal entities. The findings show that, contrary to traditional assumptions, central states no longer concentrate the highest migratory attraction; instead, peripheral or intermediate municipalities are emerging as new poles of development. This suggests a reconfiguration of territorial dynamics, requiring a reassessment of where growth is occurring and how to manage it sustainably. The results contribute to a deeper understanding of internal migration patterns and their potential to escalate into international migration under conditions of persistent regional inequality.
Introduction: The silver economy proposes considering people aged 50 or older as a potential demand capable of driving economic growth. Studying the feasibility of adopting this paradigm in Argentina is the motivation of this work. Development: Although there is demographic potential in Argentina to take advantage of the silver economy (evolution of life expectancy at birth and proportion of people over 50 years of age in all regions of the country), the resources to finance the consumption of these generations are not assured. This is documented by analyzing the recent evolution of the possible sources of financing the consumption of this age group (dissavings, salary and social security benefits). Conclusions: In Argentina, a traditional negative view of aging still persists and there are no signs that this new paradigm can be imported from European countries, unless the trend of loss of purchasing power of older adults changes.
In Cuba, social food vulnerability (SV) is nuanced by situations such as: population aging, increased mortality and low income, conditions of food destructuring. The above shows the need to introduce new explanatory approaches to these vulnerabilities, from practical dimensions in the face of population changes in the Cuban family. The objective of the research is to assess the theoretical and methodological elements that make up the construction of sociodemographic dimensions to study the VSA, Santiago de Cuba municipality. For this we use interview and survey methods. The results point to the identification of vulnerabilities linked to the increase in demographic aging and deaths. We conclude that VSA requires sociodemographic dimensions related to exposure to risk, fragility and family resilience to explain food destructuring.
Objective: Expose the student movement of the Autonomous University of the State of Mexico in 2025. It is sought to show that this movement is a factor of change in the university. This movement has motivated students to fight oppression, corruption, antidemocracy and injustice, elements that have contributed to the development of mobilizations that sought to cement individual and collective university rights.
This text presents a dialogue between philosophy and demography with the purpose of addressing the current demographic crisis of the indicatum. To highlight the potential of this intersection, as well as the strengths of a hermeneutics that transcends the level of indicators, we propose a reading of analogical humanism. This approach, emerging from the dialogue between the works of Mauricio Beuchot and Enrique Dussel, coincides in space and time with the Mexican humanism promoted in governmental discourse. In this vein, we analyze the capacity of humanist philosophy to respond to the challenges of inequality, poverty, and inequity in Mexico, while also considering its advantages as a hermeneutics that reconciles the concreteness of the indicator with the abstraction of the indicatum. Finally, we offer elements for a germinal proposal whose horizon is the formation of a philosophical demography with an analogical approach.
The migrations between West Africa and Europe are influenced by the legacy of colonialism. Both France and Portugal left deep marks in the regions they colonized, creating historical and economic ties that persist to this day. Cape Verde and Senegal are two illustrative cases, as both have a long history of emigration to Europe, especially to Portugal and France. Since the early 21st century, the European Union has implemented more restrictive measures on migrant entry, leading many Africans to follow irregular migration routes to the Canary Islands. Senegal stands out as one of the main countries of departure, while Cape Verde acts as a sentinel of the externalized border and eventual destination for some boats lost at sea.
El objetivo principal de esta investigación fue investigar la relación entre los haitianos en el grupo de WhatsApp (haitianos en Brasil) desde la perspectiva del mantenimiento de la solidaridad durante y después de la pandemia de COVID-19 en Brasil. Un objetivo secundario es analizar el papel de la solidaridad en otros grupos y comunidades con fuerte presencia de haitianos. Buscamos responder a las siguientes preguntas ¿Cómo explicar la existencia de solidaridad entre haitianos en el contexto de la pandemia y post-pandemia en Brasil? Y la segunda pregunta fue: ¿cómo puede contribuir la solidaridad a que Brasil se convierta en la tierra prometida para los haitianos? Optamos por dos metodologías: el análisis de contenido y la investigación social interpretativa, utilizadas para analizar los datos de 56 entrevistados, obtenidos primero por un cuestionario compuesto por 17 preguntas y un segundo momento con residentes haitianos en la ciudad de Cascavel-PR, Brasil, que involucró a 21 ciudadanos haitianos, entre el 12 y el 25 de agosto de 2024. Para obtener los mejores resultados de una investigación cualitativa como esta, se utilizó la teoría del funcionalismo en función de la solidaridad informativa de la inmigración. La conclusión es que la solidaridad en el contexto haitiano sigue teniendo lugar durante y después de la pandemia de COVID-19 en Brasil, a pesar de que no es suficiente para reducir la discriminación, los prejuicios, los bajos salarios, etc. que impulsan el deseo de los haitianos de emigrar a otros países, Brasil no es la tierra prometida para estos inmigrantes haitianos.
La concienciación y la preparación de la comunidad influyen en gran medida en el éxito de cada operación censal. En el contexto del censo agrario de 2023, este estudio explora la eficacia de las actividades de publicidad del censo, en particular el programa de ensayo del censo agrario iniciado por la Agencia Central de Estadística (BPS). Mediante un análisis exhaustivo, utilizando métodos cuantitativos y cualitativos a través de encuestas y entrevistas, esta investigación pretende medir el alcance de la publicidad que el BPS ha llevado a cabo para dar la bienvenida al censo agrario de 2023. Los datos se recogieron mediante encuestas, entrevistas y observaciones en determinadas zonas. Los resultados de esta investigación explican el grado de preparación de la comunidad para acoger el censo agrícola. La información obtenida de este análisis proporciona valiosas implicaciones para los futuros preparativos del censo y las estrategias de participación de la comunidad.
