Due to a lack of standardized patient record management, Bangladesh's healthcare system faces significant vulnerabilities. Most hospitals in Bangladesh still use traditional paper-based methods for tracking medical records. This paper presents Med-Sync, a lightweight, web-based healthcare management system that leverages the NFC-based Smart Health Card System. The Med-Sync system is designed to securely provide access to Electronic Medical Records (EMR) for a large number of patients. It uses the Chrome Web NFC API to enable users to interact directly with the browser, making it accessible without the need for using a dedicated application or hardware. The system also makes use of NFC-enabled smart cards with a client-server architecture to support role-based access control and real-time retrieval of patient records. The platform uses both structured and unstructured data storage for quick data retrieval and a user-friendly experience. A functional prototype has been developed and evaluated through system-level testing, showing its feasibility as a practical solution for resource-constrained healthcare settings.
Adverse transfusion reactions that may have a range of consequences, from minor to fatal outcomes, remain an important clinical concern. This prospective observational study aimed to identify risk factors and the prevalence of transfusion reactions among patients receiving blood products. The study was carried out in the transfusion units of Allied Hospital in Faisalabad, Pakistan, between April and June of 2025. A total of 100 hospitalized patients were included in the study. Vital signs and clinical observations were recorded before, during, and after the transfusion. To determine correlations between potential risk factors and transfusion outcomes, SPSS was used to analyze the data. Females comprised 59% of the study population, and the most frequent reasons why the patients needed a transfusion were obstetric and gynecological conditions, including postpartum bleeding and pregnancy anemia. The average age of the receivers was 40.0 years. The overall prevalence of adverse transfusion reactions was 27%. The most common reaction was febrile non-hemolytic, followed by allergic reactions. Stored blood showed a significantly higher reaction rate (30%) compared with fresh blood (15%). Isolated blood had resulted in adverse reactions more often. Proper inventory management and storage practices are essential because stored blood is associated with a higher risk of transfusion reactions. The need for the most efficient blood management practices is based on the greater risk of transfusion responses due to preserved blood.
The coronavirus outbreak emerged as a severe pandemic and caused a global emergency. It resulted in the death of more than one million people worldwide. Coronavirus was first reported in 2019 at the seafood market in Wuhan, China. Coronavirus belongs to the family Coronaviridae and the subfamily of Coronavirinae. It is a single-stranded RNA, non-segmented, and enveloped virus. Its genome is the largest among the RNA viruses. The RT-PCR technique is used for the diagnosis of COVID-19, while bronchoscopy was also used initially; however, patient and medical staff were at high risk because both are vulnerable to the disease. Initially, there was no specific treatment for COVID-19, and the patients were managed based on their symptoms. Maintaining proper physical distance and using face masks were the initial prevention measures adopted to control the spread of the coronavirus. COVID-19 also had severe effects on the health sector. It has not only affected patients but also significantly impacted healthcare workers and staff. Patients became vulnerable to conditions such as insomnia, depression, and anxiety. Healthcare workers faced physical, emotional, and psychological challenges. The workload on healthcare workers increased due to the rising number of patients, which reduced work efficiency and increased stress and anxiety levels. The suicide rate also increased from 1% to 145% worldwide. Initially, hospitals were not prepared for such a pandemic outbreak and faced multiple challenges, including shortage of testing kits, ventilators, hospital beds, and intensive care units. The COVID-19 outbreak also affected the education system, with over 1.7 billion students being disturbed. Schools were completely shut down, and higher education institutions such as colleges and universities shifted to a hybrid model, including online education. Overall, lifestyles were profoundly altered after the pandemic outbreak, as it affected healthcare, education, and the global economy.
With the accumulation of data, magnesium-based degradable metal, iron-based degradable metal and zinc-based degradable metal implantable interventional devices have entered the clinic or carried out human experimental studies, and the future prospects are promising. In this paper, the definition, biodegradability and biocompatibility criteria and their classification are reviewed, and the research status and unsolved scientific problems of magnesium-based degradable metals, iron-based degradable metals and zinc-based degradable metals are introduced, and the future development opportunities and challenges of degradable metals are prospected. With a deeper understanding of scientific issues such as mechanical adaptation, degradation adaptation and tissue adaptation of degradable metal implants, more new materials, new technologies and new methods of degradable metals will be developed in the future, so as to effectively realize the precise adaptation of the two events of degradable metal material degradation and body tissue repair in time and geometric space.
Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is a functional enzyme that transforms deoxyadenosine and adenosine into deoxyinosine and inosine respectively. ADA deficiency causes toxic purine degradation byproducts to build up in the body, which has a particularly negative impact on lymphocytes and results in adenosine deaminase-deficient severe combined immunodeficiency. Different in silico techniques including threading, ab initio and homology modeling for 3D structure prediction were applied for the prediction of ADA structures. Following the three-dimensional structure prediction analyses, an extensive computational assessment of all predicted structures for reliability was performed. The overall quality factor of the predicted ADA structures was observed 62.45% in the predicted 3D models. A Ramachandran plot was created, and 94.80% of the residues were found in the allowed and favored regions of the protein structure plot. The molecular docking analyses were performed in order to identify the potential therapeutic medication targets against ADA. The virtually examined molecules through a virtually high throughput screening may have the ability the regulation the ADA activity. The least binding energy was calculated through the molecular docking analyses and the energy values were observed -8.7 Kcal/mol. The binding residues (Lys-367, Glu-424, Asp-422, Phe-381, Ile-377, Ser-430 and Glu-374) were conserved in all the interactional analyses of the docked complexes. Finding the effective binding domain in a protein three-dimensional structure is crucial for understanding of its structural makeup and determining its functions.
Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) is a disabling and chronic disease, importantly related to the current COVID-19 pandemic. Currently, there are no specific laboratory tests to directly diagnose ME/CFS. In this work, the use of impedance spectroscopy is studied as a potential technique for the diagnosis of ME/CFS. A specific device for the electrical characterization of peripheral blood mononuclear cells was designed and implemented. Impedance spectroscopy measurements in the range from 1 Hz to 500 MHz were carried out after the osmotic stress of the samples with sodium chloride solution at 1M concentration. The evolution in time after the osmotic stress at two specific frequencies (1.36 kHz and 154 kHz) was analyzed. The device showed its sensitivity to the presence of cells and the evolution of the osmotic processes. Higher values of impedance (around 15% for both the real and imaginary part) were measured at 1.36 kHz in ME/CFS patients compared to control samples. No significant difference was found between patient samples and control samples at 154 kHz. Results help to further understand the diagnosis of ME/CFS patients and the relation of their blood samples with bioimpedance measurements.
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a transcription factor, that contains a DNA-binding domain, N-terminal domain, and SH2 domain. The dysregulation of STAT3 activity has been associated with various diseases, such as chronic inflammation and autoimmune disorders. In cancer, STAT3 is often constitutively activated and promotes tumor cell survival, proliferation, and immune evasion. Various bioinformatics approaches were employed to predict the 3D structure of STAT3, followed by a comprehensive evaluation of the predicted model. 3D predicted structure of the target protein revealed an overall quality factor of 94. 45%. It was also observed through the Ramachandran plot that 1.26% residues of the predicted structure of STAT3 were present in the outlier region of the protein structure. Computational docking studies were done to identify the novel drug targets against STAT3. The screened compound via high throughput virtual screening may have the potential to regulate the activity of STAT3. The lowest binding energy of -8.7 Kcal/mol was observed. His-457, Tyr-456, Lys-488, Pro-487, Gln-326, Leu-459, Lys-244, Gln-247 conserved residues were observed. The structural insight and functional determination of STAT3 depend on the identification of the potent binding domain in protein 3D structure.
Antibiotics have historically revolutionized medical science; however, the rise of multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacteria puts their worth at risk. The problem of antibiotic resistance has been attributed to both the excessive use of already available drugs and the absence of newer treatments as a result of stringent regulatory requirements and weakened corporate incentives. Resistant infections often need more comprehensive and costly treatments, resulting in longer hospital admissions, higher healthcare costs, and a larger demand for specialized healthcare resources. The expenses are exacerbated by the need for new antimicrobial drug research and development, which is becoming more complex and expensive as a result of resistance mechanisms. Comprehensive efforts are needed to limit the rate of resistance development and include research into new bacteria, resistance mechanisms, and antimicrobial medications. Multidisciplinary approaches are required in the sectors of agriculture, the environment, and healthcare. Probiotics, antibodies, and vaccines are a few examples of progressive complementary therapies that have shown promising outcomes in research and may one day serve as preventive or supplementary treatments. The purpose of this review article is to give an in-depth review of the influence of antibiotic resistance on both the health of individuals and economic stability.
People are increasingly more concerned with their lifestyle and health due to the significant shift in socioeconomic level in the modern era. People are aware of the negative consequences of manufactured items. Natural compounds derived from plants with fewer adverse effects are getting more attention. Moringa oleifera is an example of a tree with significant nutritional and therapeutic advantages. In the present study, mineral and macronutrient content and antioxidant capacity were evaluated at two stages of maturity (mature and tender leaves). The chemical analysis revealed that the protein concentration was higher, and the lipid concentration was lower. Regarding mineral content, calcium (Ca) and iron (Fe) have exhibited a higher degree of bioaccessibility, with potassium (K), sulfur (S), Ca, and Fe constituting the most prevalent elements. Using an established in vitro model, the antioxidant activities of Moringa oleifera leaf extracts were evaluated to comprehend the mechanism of pharmacological action. At 900 μg/ml, the aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera showed significant antibacterial activity. Based on the results of this study, Moringa oleifera leaf extracts exhibit considerable antioxidant activity and substantial protection against bacterial infection due to the presence of phenolic and flavonoids. Based on in vitro experiments, we aimed to determine if Moringa oleifera may be used as a potential antibacterial in therapeutic applications in light of the rising incidence of antibiotic resistance.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small, non-coding RNA molecules that have been shown to be involved in a wide range of biological processes, including cancer. miRNAs are known to regulate the expression of genes, and their dysregulation has been linked to the development of cancer. In recent years a great deal of attention is received by miRNAs due to their potential as biomarkers for cancer. Biomarkers are measurable indicators of a biological state, and they can be used to diagnose, monitor, and treat diseases. miRNAs can be detected in biological fluids such as blood and saliva. This makes them ideal candidates for early cancer detection and monitoring. We herein reviewed current methods for the isolation of circulating miRNAs. Provide the most recent update about clinical trials aiming at using miRNAs as biomarkers for cancer. Additionally, we highlighted some pitfalls that should be realized to take advantage of the massive potential of miRNAs as a cancer biomarker. However, the potential of miRNAs as cancer biomarkers is very promising but advancements in factors such as miRNA isolation methods, and the type of samples are critical to incorporate miRNA-based diagnostic and prognostic markers in modern-day treatment regimens for cancer. This review concludes that miRNAs have enormous clinical significance as cancer biomarkers and recommends carefully selecting methods for the isolation of miRNAs based on the type of sample, and the downstream applications to generate clinically relevant results.
Tuberculosis (TB) is a granulomatous infectious illness caused by gram-positive, acid-fast bacilli belonging to the Mycobacterium genus. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) causes tuberculosis in humans, which primarily affects the lungs and causes pulmonary tuberculosis. Extra pulmonary tuberculosis can damage the colon, meninges, bones, joints, lymph nodes, skin, and other body parts. The present study was conducted to find the causes, prevalence, and identification of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis in patients with different age groups. One hundred sputum samples were collected from patients with different age groups. Identification and confirmation of multidrug resistance tuberculosis were performed by smear microscopy, real-time PCR assay, and bacterium culture, and Out of 100 samples 86 were positive for tuberculosis and 14 were negative. Out of these 86 samples, 52 were males and 34 were females. The age group with the highest percentage of tuberculosis was 40-60 years. There were 47 smokers and 39 non-smokers. Out of 100 samples, only 19 had good living standards, 40 with average hygienic conditions, and 41 with poor hygiene. Through real-time assay it was concluded that 48 samples were Isoniazid resistant and 53 were Rifampicin resistant. According to our findings, poor quality of life, poor housing, overcrowding, population explosion, under nutrition, smoking, alcohol misuse, lack of education, large families, and lack of information about the cause and transmission of tuberculosis are some of the social causes. These elements are interconnected and play a role in tuberculosis occurrence and transmission.
A viral disease known as lumpy skin disease (LSD) that infects cattle has recently become a danger to the global livestock industry. Capripoxvirus, which causes LSD, can contract through insect bites or through direct contact with infected animals. Cattle with the disease develop nodules on their skin, which reduce their ability to produce milk, cause them to lose weight, and eventually kill them. LSD significantly reduces milk production, which may decrease from 10% to 85%. Milk and meat sales have decreased by 60% to 70% in Karachi (Pakistan), as a result of LSD. Calves of all strains and ages are affected, although lactating cows and young cattle are more at risk. The bulk of LSD outbreaks occurs in hot, humid environments when a large percentage of insects that serve as vectors are active. LSD may be transmitted more quickly by wildlife. Nasal secretions, inappetence, fever, lachrymation with salivation, swollen lymph nodules, body weight loss, and sometimes death are all symptoms of LSD. Farmers and the cattle industry have suffered enormous financial losses because of the increase in LSD. Concerns regarding the disease's effects on human health have also been raised due to its zoonotic potential. Although there is no evidence that LSD may be transmitted to others, the risk still exists, especially for those with compromised immune systems. This article discusses the current knowledge of LSD, its clinical manifestations, transmission, and preventive measures. It also draws attention to the effects of LSD breakouts, including financial, social, and medical fallouts, on people's lives. The paper highlights the necessity of continuing research and surveillance to comprehend the illness better and create efficient controls to stop its spread.
The human body and brain are affected by light both visually and non-visually. Light has extraordinary impact on large group of physiological capabilities, and encompass neuroendocrine regulation, sleep, alertness, cognition, and ocular reflexes, as well as phase-shifting and synchronization of the circadian framework. The blue light exposure is significant for keeping living organisms, cognitive performance prosperity and sharpness. The human eyes may suffer from excessive exposure of the blue light. The lack of light has a negative impact on sleep quality and alertness as well as mood, seasonal affective disorder and neurocognitive cycles. Early morning exposure to strong light delays the peak of melatonin production and alters cortisol, GH, PRL, and nocturnal vasopressin emission. Metabolic capabilities including the reducing levels of glucose resistance and diminished insulin sensitivity are horribly affected by night light exposure. Type 2 diabetes risk increases in an old populace due to the elevation in night light exposure. Ladies presented to night-light moves had sporadic monthly cycles that were much of the time related to dysmenorrhea and metabolic disorder insulin obstruction and liberation of glucose digestion. Estrus cycles, ovulation, sperm production, implantation, and the development of pregnancy are also affected by the desynchronizing effect of altered light signals on the circadian peripheral clocks in female and male conceptive tissues. DNA is harmed directly by UVB radiation. The present effort is to investigate and summarize the non-visual and alerting effect of light on the physiology of the human body.
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infects the hepatocytes to cause serious liver diseases. HBeAg regulates the response of immune system to the intracellular capsid act as T-cell tolerogen. The immune response regulation may predispose to chronicity during perinatal infections to prevent the severe liver injuries. Various in silico approaches including comparative modeling, threading approach and ab initio approach were employed for the prediction of 3D structures of the selected protein followed by the validation of the predicted structures through Errat, Procheck and Anolea. The predicted 3D structure of HBeAg revealed overall quality factor of 95.9184%. Interestingly, it was observed that only 1.97% residues were present in outlier region while 98.03% in favored and allowed region. Molecular docking analyses were performed and the attempt was for the identification of novel ligands for HBeAg. The reported compound may regulate the activity and act as regulator of HBeAg. Interestingly, least binding energy of -7.1 Kcal/mol was observed in the reported compound and high binding affinity to predict the binding residues (Asp-51, Phe-53, Val-56, Arg-57, Met-95, Ala-98, Asn-103, Arg-111, Asp-112, Val-115, Val-118 and Asn-119). The function determination of the selected target protein is due to the identification of effective binding sites in protein structures. The reported compound may act as potent molecule and the predicted structure is reliable for the functional studies and structural insights.
Schizophrenia (SZ) is a mental disorder and affects ~1% of the worldwide population. It is considered a chronic and severe condition that impacts the thoughts, emotions, and behavior, of the patient often leading to a distortion of reality. Numerous computational techniques such as threading technique, homology modeling technique, and ab initio technique were applied for 3D structure prediction of the selected SZ protein SP4. The 3D predicted structures of SP4 were further evaluated and validated by utilizing Anolea, ProCheck, and Errat evaluation tools. Interestingly, it was observed that the overall quality factor of the selected structure was 77.542%. The predicted structure of SP4 showed 3.97% residues in the outlier region of Ramachandran plot while 96.03% in the allowed and the favored region of the evaluated plot. The study of molecular docking analyses was done to identify the compounds against SZ by targeting SP4. Moreover, the scrutinized compounds showed the least binding energy of -10.1 Kcal/mol. The highest binding affinity was observed among the binding residues (Leu-199, Ala-275, Gly-262, Leu-198, Thr-333, Ser-334, Leu-339, Ala-206, Leu-208, Gly-281, Ile-207, Val-283, Pro-286, and Ala-287). The scrutinized molecules from the selected library may have the ability to regulate the activity of SZ by targeting SP4. The scrutinized molecules can behave as a potential compound and the 3D predicted structure of SP4 is reliable for structural insights and functional analyses.
The outbreak of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was observed in Wuhan, China, and had been exposed for the first time in 31st of December 2019. There is a rapid increase in the progression of this disease. This virus is similar in genetics to SARS-COV however different in structure. The clinical illustrations of COVID-19 include lower and upper respiratory tract infection and acute respiratory syndrome with life-threatening pneumonia. This virus causes disease in newborn babies to elders including all age groups. Respiratory infection occurs in pregnant women while most commonly affected by COVID-19. The coronavirus pandemic significantly increased worry, stress, and anxiety, which negatively affects the pregnant women emotionally. Worrying about their own and their unborn child's health, decreased expectations for prenatal care, being unable to get trustworthy information, and having less daily routines and social connections are all issues that negatively affected the pregnant women. The COVID-19 virus alters the immune response at the point where the mother and fetus meet, having an impact on both the mother and the newborn. It is critical to check suspected pregnant women during delivery due to the lack of accurate knowledge of influence on pregnancy by COVID-19. In confirmed cases, both the mother as well as the baby child should be closely monitored. This review highlights the fear, stress, anxiety, and Obstetrical issues in pregnant women during SARS and COVID-19 outbreak.
Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) has been recently revealed as a main regulatory molecule, which implicates many cellular functions. Studies showed that lncRNA abnormally expressed and involved in the progression and tumorigenesis of glioma. Present study identified a novel lncRNA associated with glioma, glioma stem-like cells (GSCs), and then revealed their potential functions. During the screening of lncRNAs, we investigated overexpression of lncRNA RP5-821D11.7 (lncRNA-RP5) in GSCs compared to glioma cells. Lentivirus-mediated shRNA for lncRNA-RP5 was constructed and transfected into glioma cells. Transfected stable glioma cells were transplanted into nude mice and tumor growth was observed. Knockdown of lncRNA-RP5 significantly inhibits proliferation, colony formation, migration and reduces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Additionally, the results showed that lncRNA RP5 knockdown enhances cell apoptosis through endoplasmic reticulum stress. Therefore, this study may provide a better understanding about lncRNA-RP5 which revealed that it might be a potential therapeutic target in case of glioma progression and recurrence.
It is important to diagnose multiple infections timely, to avoid potential treatment complications. We report a case here with multiple infections, admitted to the ICU of a private healthcare facility, for ventilatory support. On admission, he had reactive hepatitis E and hepatitis C, was suspected of oral thrush, acute and chronic typhoid associated with headache, fever for one month, nausea for the last three days, yellow colored urine for seven days, and difficulty breathing. He was treated for four days, and afterward, removed from hospital care without the consent of the doctor in-charge while his condition was not stable. Several essential diagnostic tests were recommended but were not provided for by the caretakers. Unfortunately, the telephonic follow up brought the news of his sad demise a day after his discharge from the hospital. Poor financial conditions, lack of public funding, lack of awareness amongst caretakers, as well as the absence of trust in the national healthcare system, pose serious challenges for healthcare providers and lead to many such sad instances quite routinely in developing countries.
To provide the safe and healthy food to the increasing world population in China and all over the world, the development of modern research based scientific system of organic farming is a dire need of time. Fertilizers, high yielding crop varieties and use of chemicals are key tools to ensure plentiful supply of high yielding agriculture products in China. To cope with these issues, quick and easy use of synthetic chemicals is creating several problems such as, severely health hazardous chemicals on food, environmental pollution and residual effects in land and water resources. In addition, to overcome pesticides resistance in insects, pest resurgence, secondary pest outbreak, the biologically safe and environment friendly pesticides are utmost needed. So, in current system biopesticides are good alternatives of chemical agro-inputs which are less toxic to health, ecofriendly, target specific, biodegradable, suitable for integrated pest management tool, non-phytotoxic and are easily implemented in organic farming. Biopesticides production in China is increasing rapidly by the interest of government and China's plan of zero growth of pesticides consumption to 2025. This is the key plan of biopesticides production and development to replace health hazardous chemical pesticides in China and world together. Hence, this article reviews the present status of health friendly biopesticides development and formulation for future prospects in China as healthy alternative of hazardous synthetic chemicals.
Syndactyly is joining or merging of web in feet and hands digits. It is inherited by autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, x-linked, and y-linked manner. Its prevalence is around 1 in 2000 live birth. Non-syndromic syndactyly is classified into nine types. In this study, we find out prevalence, percentage, types, and mode of inheritance of syndactyly in families of district Bahawalnagar. The survey was carried out in hospitals, schools, and villages of district Bahawalnagar to find out the patients with congenital syndactyly. Three families with cousin marriages were selected for pedigrees. These families had 2:1 of foot and hand syndactyly. The percentage of complete and incomplete syndactyly was recorded 50% in all families. The mode of inheritance was autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive pattern because of two types of syndactyly type I (SD1) and syndactyly type I-c. In families Bwn1, Bwn2, and Bwn3 the percentage of family members associated with syndactyly was 16%, 9.7%, and 6.89% respectively. It was further noted that all male members of all families were affected with syndactyly. This study finds out the type I (SD1) and type I-c syndactyly in the studied sample population.
