Hypertension, a state where systolic blood pressure is 140 mmHg or higher and/or diastolic blood pressure is 90 mmHg or higher, plays a critical role in the development of serious cardiovascular conditions. It is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, affecting over one billion adults. This study investigated the effect of myricetin (a flavanol found in fruits and vegetables) in combination with ramipril on the blood pressure regulation, critical enzyme activities, nitric oxide level. It also evaluated the effect on inflammatory parameters, as well as gene expression relevant to hypertension in rats. The rats were divided into nine groups of eight rats each and treated as follows: Control rats were given normal saline (0.9
Diabetes mellitus is associated with significant cardiovascular and haematological disturbances. This study evaluated the effects of prazosin and propranolol, alone and combined with glibenclamide, on haematological parameters and electrocardiographic (ECG) indices in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic Wistar rats. Thirty-five male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to seven groups (n = 5): Normal Control (NC), Diabetic (Diab), Diabetic + Glibenclamide (Diab + Glib; 5 mg/kg/day), Diabetic + Prazosin (Diab + Prz; 0.5 mg/kg/day), Diabetic + Prazosin + Glibenclamide (Diab + Prz + Glib), Diabetic + Propranolol (Diab + Prop; 10 mg/kg/day), and Diabetic + Propranolol + Glibenclamide (Diab + Prop + Glib). STZ (60 mg/kg, i.p.) induced a type 1-like diabetes model. Drugs were given orally for three weeks. Data were analysed by one-way ANOVA with Dunnett's post-hoc test versus NC. Significant inter-group differences were found in white blood cell (WBC) count (F = 3.11, p = 0.021), lymphocyte (F = 2.90, p = 0.028), neutrophil (F = 4.03, p = 0.006), monocyte (F = 4.97, p = 0.002), and eosinophil percentages (F = 3.01, p = 0.024). Dunnett's test identified significantly elevated neutrophil percentage in Diab + Prop versus NC (35.60 ± 1.03
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains one of the most prevalent malignancies worldwide, with its incidence increasing substantially over the past two decades, particularly among women. Dysregulation of the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1)-mediated FAK/PI3K/AKT signalling pathway plays a crucial role in tumour progression and represents a promising therapeutic target. Robinin (RB), a kaempferol-derived flavonoid glycoside isolated from Astragalus species, possesses diverse pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, proapoptotic and anticancer properties. The present study investigated the antiproliferative potential of Robinin in KB cells and examined its associated molecular mechanisms. Following Robinin treatment, cell viability, oxidative stress markers, apoptotic morphology, caspase activity and proliferation-related gene expression were evaluated, together with modulation of the TIMP-1/FAK/PI3K/AKT signalling pathway. The results demonstrated that Robinin significantly inhibited cell proliferation, induced apoptosis, increased TBARS levels, reduced GSH content and SOD and CAT activities and enhanced apoptotic and caspase responses. Furthermore, Robinin significantly reduced the expression of TIMP-1-mediated activation of the FAK/PI3K/AKT signalling cascade. Complementary in silico analyses revealed favourable predicted interactions between Robinin and key apoptosis and cell cycle regulatory proteins, including Bax, Cyclin E1 and CDK2. Molecular dynamics simulations performed using Schrödinger’s Desmond module further supported the predicted stability of the Robinin–CDK2 complex. Collectively, these findings indicate antiproliferative and proapoptotic activity of Robinin in KB cells and provide a mechanistic basis for further validation in authenticated OSCC models.
Breast carcinoma is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women. Timely diagnosis is crucial for successful treatment, necessitating the discovery of new biomarkers to improve diagnostic accuracy. This study evaluated a panel of serum biomarkers—immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM), S100B, calcium, phosphorus, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)—for their potential in the identification and differentiation of breast tumors. This monocentric, cross-sectional study involved 165 women divided into three groups: breast cancer (BC) stages I/II (n = 55), benign breast disease (n = 55), and healthy controls (n = 55). The sample selection strategy was consecutive enrollment of eligible patients attending the hospital during the study period. Serum biomarkers were quantified using commercial ELISA and biochemical kits. Diagnostic performance was assessed using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Levels of IgG, IgM, S100B, ALP, and calcium were significantly elevated in the BC group compared to both benign and healthy controls (p < 0.05). In contrast, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and phosphorus levels were significantly lower. ROC analysis for discriminating malignant from benign tumors showed AUCs of 0.89 for S100B, 0.85 for IgG, and 0.84 for IgM. The combined use of these markers (positive if any marker exceeded its optimal cut-off) is exploratory and not externally validated; in this study, it demonstrated a sensitivity of 85.5
Obesity is a multifactorial metabolic disorder caused by excessive caloric intake, a sedentary lifestyle, and genetic predisposition. It is associated with an increased risk of metabolic disorders, including dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Persea americana Mill. (avocado) is a rich source of bioactive constituents such as lutein, phytosterols, polyphenols, and antioxidants, which exhibit various pharmacological properties. However, limited scientific evidence is available regarding the anti-obesity activity of the hydroethanolic extract of Persea americana seeds. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the anti-obesity effect of the hydroethanolic seed extract of Persea americana in a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity rat model. Rats were randomly divided into five groups (n = 5): Group I received a normal diet, Group II received HFD, Group III received HFD along with the hydroethanolic extract of Persea americana seeds (100 mg/kg body weight), Group IV received HFD along with the hydroethanolic extract (200 mg/kg body weight), and Group V received HFD along with Orlistat (2 mg/kg body weight). After three weeks of treatment, body weight, visceral fat pad weight, serum lipid profile, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), urea, and creatinine levels were determined. The hydroethanolic seed extract at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight significantly (P < 0.01) reduced body weight, visceral fat pad weight, serum lipid levels, AST, ALT, urea, and creatinine compared with the HFD group. In contrast, the 100 mg/kg dose did not produce significant changes (P > 0.05). The standard drug Orlistat also showed significant improvement in all evaluated parameters. These findings indicate that the hydroethanolic seed extract of Persea americana possesses significant anti-obesity activity and effectively ameliorates HFD-induced metabolic alterations in rats.
The study applied both methanolic extract of Momordica charantia fruit (MCFE) and green-synthesized silver nanoparticles (GAgNPs) using the same plant to assess the antioxidant effects of MCFE and MC-AgNPs on thyroid cytotoxicity male rats induced by amiodarone. A significant decrease (P ≤ 0.05) in body weight, body weight gain, TRH, TSH, T3, CAT, GPX, SOD, and TAS was observed in the AMD-thyroid cytotoxicity group compared with control, while a significant increase (P ≤ 0.05) in T4, LPO, MDA, TOS, and OSI was observed in the AMD-thyroid cytotoxicity group compared with control. In addition, amiodarone induces significant histopathological and cellular alterations in the thyroid gland of rats. Collectively, these findings indicate that amiodarone induces significant oxidative stress, while MCFE and especially MC-AgNP effectively mitigate this imbalance and significantly improve antioxidant homeostasis.
Species-specific physiological and clinicopathological information remains limited for many small Neotropical carnivores, including Conepatus chinga. This study aimed to provide preliminary descriptive observations of physiological measurements obtained under isoflurane anesthesia and hematological and biochemical results from rescued free-ranging Conepatus chinga individuals considered clinically healthy at the time of sampling. Seven individuals from an opportunistic convenience sample were evaluated as part of routine clinical and pre-release assessment at the Wildlife Rehabilitation Center of the Federal University of Pelotas. Heart rate, respiratory rate, and rectal temperature were measured under isoflurane anesthesia. Blood samples were collected from the ventral coccygeal vein in pups and from the left or right jugular vein in juvenile and adult individuals for complete blood counts and biochemical analyses. Individual values, arithmetic mean ± sample standard deviation, and median with first and third quartiles were reported. Heart rate ranged from 152 to 240 bpm, with a median of 210 bpm; respiratory rate ranged from 15 to 28 mpm, with a median of 24 mpm; and rectal temperature ranged from 34.9 to 37.5 °C, with a median of 36.3 °C. Packed cell volume ranged from 19.4 to 42.3
The extensive use of fungicides in agricultural practices has increased the risk of aquatic contamination through surface runoff, posing potential hazards to non-target aquatic organisms. Pyraclostrobin, a widely used strobilurin fungicide, has attracted attention due to its persistence in aquatic systems and potential effects on fish health. The present study investigated the hematological and serum biochemical responses of Labeo rohita following acute (96 h) exposure to sublethal concentrations of pyraclostrobin (0.11, 0.22, and 0.45 µg/L). A total of 40 fish were randomly distributed into four groups (n = 10 per group). Following exposure, blood samples were collected and analyzed for key hematological parameters, including total leukocyte count (WBC), red blood cell count (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), and hematocrit (HCT), as well as serum biochemical indicators including urea, cholesterol, triglycerides, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Pyraclostrobin exposure produced a marked 15.9
This study investigated the dose- and time-dependent systemic effects of chronic carbonated soft drink (CSD) consumption using Coca-Cola, Pepsi, Fanta, and Dew in a rat model. Male Wistar rats were administered low (4.2 mL/kg), medium (8.4 mL/kg), and high (16.8 mL/kg) doses of each beverage for 30, 60, or 90 days. Biochemical markers, including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), blood urea, serum creatinine, magnesium, calcium, glucose, and lipid profile parameters, were evaluated. Histopathological examinations of liver, kidney, and bone tissues were also performed. DNA fragmentation in hepatic and bone marrow tissues was assessed using agarose gel electrophoresis, and mortality was recorded throughout the experimental period. The results demonstrated marked elevations in hepatic and renal biochemical markers, mainly at the medium (8.4 mL/kg) and high (16.8 mL/kg) doses, particularly after 60 and 90 days of exposure, with Pepsi and Fanta showing the strongest effects. Histopathological analysis revealed inflammatory infiltration, glomerular shrinkage, vascular congestion, and trabecular bone thinning in treated animals. No detectable DNA fragmentation was observed in any experimental group. Mortality occurred across all treated groups, with the highest rates observed in Coca-Cola, Pepsi, and Fanta groups. These findings indicate cumulative organ-specific toxicity associated with prolonged consumption of carbonated soft drinks, particularly at higher doses and longer exposure durations.
The present study investigated the potential of two diets formulated from two cultivars of okra (variety 1: Yar syria and variety 2: Kumatun akuya) obtained from Bauchi, Nigeria, on blood glucose of type 2 diabetic rats. Proximate and antinutrient compositions of the two okra varieties were estimated by standard procedures. Twenty-eight (28) male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) were randomized into 7 groups with four (4) animal each, consisting of normal control (NC), diabetic control (DC), diabetic rats + 20
Eotaxin (CCL11) is an eosinophil-specific chemoattractant, and it is required for the homing of eosinophils into different tissues including reproductive tissues. In animal models of PCOS (recently renamed as PMOS; polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome), lower eotaxin levels in certain reproductive tissues such as uterus were shown to be associated with decreased eosinophil populations, and with certain metabolic/reproductive outcomes. In humans, eotaxin was recently identified as an etiological factor in the development of PCOS, and a causal relationship between eotaxin and PCOS was established. In lean women, plasma eotaxin levels were found to be increased in women with PCOS, compared to control women. In contrast, in obese women, plasma eotaxin levels were shown to be lower in those with PCOS compared to those without PCOS. Moreover, lean PCOS women were shown to have higher plasma eotaxin levels compared to obese PCOS women, pointing that lower eotaxin levels might be associated with obesity in women with PCOS. In addition, plasma eotaxin levels were also shown to be lower in PCOS women with insulin resistance (IR) compared to PCOS women without IR. Besides, eotaxin was shown to contribute the most to the metformin-induced changes in serum cytokines throughout pregnancy in pregnant women with PCOS. These previous observations point to the critical importance of eotaxin in the pathogenesis of PCOS; however, mechanistic explanations are currently mostly lacking. In this review, we covered previous studies focusing on eotaxin in the context of PCOS, with a particular focus on the eosinophils. We highlighted the need for further research on the potential function of eotaxin in reproductive and metabolic disturbances observed in women with PCOS / PMOS. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders in women, leading to reproductive, metabolic, dermatological, and psychological symptoms. Differences in the levels of eotaxin, an eosinophil-specific chemoattractant, have been found to be associated with multiple characteristics of PCOS, both in animal models and women with PCOS. However, mechanistic explanations on the function of eotaxin in the pathogenesis of PCOS still remain to be uncovered. In this review, we highlighted the need for future research on the likely function of eotaxin in reproductive and metabolic disturbances commonly observed in PCOS women.
The association between circulating vaspin levels and insulin resistance parameters is rarely demonstrated in the Nigerian context. We compared the serum levels of vaspin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and non-diabetic mellitus patients and determined the association between serum vaspin levels and insulin resistance, adiposity, and glycaemic control. The overarching aim was to explore the role of serum vaspin as a biomarker for insulin resistance and glycaemic control in patients living with type 2 diabetes mellitus. This was a cross-sectional study involving type 2 diabetic patients at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria, and non-diabetes mellitus patients from the same institution recruited using a pre-tested interviewer-administered questionnaire. 198 (99 cases and 99 controls) participants were recruited between 1st January 2022 to 31st December 2022. Serum vaspin, fasting plasma insulin, fasting plasma glucose, and glycated haemoglobin were measured for each of the participants enrolled in the study. Anthropometric measurements such as weight (Kg), height (m), body mass index (Kg/m2), waist circumference (cm), hip circumference (cm), and waist/hip ratio (WHR) were also obtained. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 25.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago Ilionis, USA). The study comprised 99(50.0
The heart, kidney, and nervous system have been the main subjects of studies on diabetes complications. Nevertheless, diabetic muscular complications go undiagnosed. Exosomes have been shown to have positive effects on a number of conditions, including diabetes mellitus. The purpose of this study is to assess how exosomes affect muscle dysfunction induced by diabetes mellitus. In this study, eighteen adult male Wister rats were used. Type 2 diabetes was induced by high fat diet and STZ injection. Diabetic rats showed elevated MDA and decreased GSH. Also diabetic rats showed decline of myonectin, GLUT4, PGC1, irisin, caveolin3 and down regulation of LncIRS1. Also, histological analysis revealed muscle structure abnormalities besides up regulation of caspase 3 and down regulation of desmin as found by immunohistochemistry. Administration of exosomes reversed all these results. We can concluded the protective effect of exosomes against diabetic induced metabolic disruption and muscle functions abnormalities.
The present study evaluated the influence of body condition score (BCS) on serum biochemical parameters and hormonal profiles in mithun (Bos frontalis) during the periparturient period. Fifteen advanced pregnant mithun cows maintained at ICAR–National Research Centre on Mithun, Jharnapani, Nagaland, India, were selected and categorized into three groups based on BCS: group 1 (BCS < 3.0, n = 5), group 2 (BCS 3.0–4.0, n = 5), and group 3 (BCS > 4.0, n = 5). Blood samples were collected at five stages: 14 days prepartum (stage I), within 3 days postpartum (stage II), 14 days postpartum (stage III), 28 days postpartum (stage IV), and at first postpartum estrus (stage V). Serum biochemical parameters (glucose, urea, total protein, albumin, cholesterol, calcium, and phosphorus) were analyzed using standard commercial diagnostic kits, while progesterone and estrogen were estimated using commercially available competitive ELISA kits (Cayman Chemical, USA). Serum glucose (61.95 ± 0.66 to 50.82 ± 0.50 mg/dl), total protein (6.26 ± 0.04 to 5.54 ± 0.07 g/dl), and calcium (10.11 ± 0.05 to 7.97 ± 0.03 mg/dl) declined significantly after calving and recovered gradually toward first postpartum estrus (P < 0.05). Calcium reached its nadir at 14 days postpartum (7.97 ± 0.03 mg/dl) and recovered only partially by first estrus (8.65 ± 0.04 mg/dl), remaining below prepartum levels. Serum phosphorus declined continuously from prepartum (7.25 ± 0.06 mg/dl) through 28 days postpartum (4.19 ± 0.04 mg/dl) before recovering partially at first estrus (6.46 ± 0.06 mg/dl), without returning to prepartum levels. Serum albumin showed a marginal declining trend immediately after calving (2.95 ± 0.08 to 2.91 ± 0.09 g/dl) and increased progressively during later postpartum stages, reaching 3.57 ± 0.03 g/dl at first estrus. Serum urea increased progressively from prepartum to 28 days postpartum (23.50 ± 0.44 to 34.31 ± 0.51 mg/dl; P < 0.05) before declining at first estrus (25.64 ± 0.63 mg/dl) (Fig. 2). Serum cholesterol decreased after calving (168.26 ± 3.13 to 162.31 ± 2.24 mg/dl) and rose progressively through the postpartum period, exceeding prepartum levels by first estrus (196.52 ± 2.08 mg/dl). Serum progesterone was highest prepartum (5.74 ± 0.46 ng/ml), declined sharply after calving (0.80 ± 0.03 ng/ml; P < 0.05), and remained low throughout the postpartum period (0.27 ± 0.01 ng/ml at first estrus). Estrogen similarly declined from 399.90 ± 42.40 pg/ml prepartum to 28.85 ± 0.39 pg/ml within 3 days after calving and continued declining progressively to 8.33 ± 0.17 pg/ml at first estrus. Animals with higher BCS (group 3, BCS > 4.0) maintained significantly higher prepartum progesterone (7.41 ± 1.50 vs 5.17 ± 0.15 ng/ml; P < 0.05) and postpartum albumin (3.24 ± 0.01 vs 2.52 ± 0.03 g/dl at stage II; P < 0.05) compared to low BCS animals (group 1, BCS < 3.0), indicating better metabolic stability and hormonal balance. These findings suggest that maintaining optimal precalving BCS may be beneficial for metabolic stability, hormonal balance, and reproductive performance in mithun, although the observational design and small sample size warrant confirmation in larger, longitudinally monitored studies.
Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) is an important pattern-recognition receptor in the testis. It exhibits a context-dependent dual role as both a physiological “sanitiser” and a pathological “killer”. Under normal conditions, TLR-4 is abundantly expressed in Leydig cells, resident tolerogenic (M2-like) macrophages, and also expressed in Sertoli cells. In this quiescent state, it detects pathogen- and damage-associated molecular patterns to mediate localised innate immune surveillance, preserve testicular immune privilege, support spermatogenesis, and maintain steroidogenesis while largely preserving blood-testis barrier integrity. It does this through tightly regulated MyD88- and TRIF-dependent signalling. In testicular ischemia-reperfusion injury (TIRI), however, excessive release of endogenous DAMPs can overwhelm the intrinsic negative regulators such as SOCS-1 and A20. This persistent ligand engagement is associated with sustained activation of NF-κB and IRF pathways, thereby contributing to a cascade of pro-inflammatory mediators, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, neutrophil infiltration, blood-testis barrier disruption, and both intrinsic and extrinsic germ-cell apoptosis. These events have been implicated in systemic inflammatory spread that may extend damage to the contralateral testis and exacerbate bilateral spermatogenic failure that can consequently lead to infertility. This review examines the current evidence on the molecular architecture of TLR-4 signalling and highlights its built-in regulatory checkpoints, which can serve as precise therapeutic targets. It is noted that elective modulation, rather than global blockade, may offer a promising strategy to attenuate pathological overactivation while preserving the receptor’s homeostatic functions.
Obesity is a complicated metabolic disorder marked by the accumulation of excessive fat and associated disturbances in lipid metabolism, liver function and chronic low-grade inflammation. The present study investigated the potential of fulvic acid to counteract obesity induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) in Wistar rats. The rats were fed a high-fat diet for six weeks to induce obesity, after which fulvic acid (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg) was given orally via oral gavage for nine weeks. Orlistat (5 mg/kg) served as a reference standard. Rats fed with the high-fat diet showed a marked increase in body weight and body mass index, accompanied by elevated levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, VLDL, liver enzymes, and inflammatory markers along with a reduction in HDL levels. Administration of fulvic acid led to notable and dose-dependent improvements in these parameters. The highest dose (40 mg/kg) demonstrated the greatest efficacy, including a reduction in body weight. It also contributed to normalization of lipid profile, restoration of liver enzymes levels, and improvements in inflammatory markers. Furthermore, higher doses significantly enhanced the excretion of fecal fat, suggesting decreased absorption of intestinal fat. This study provides in vivo evidence supporting the anti-obesity potential of fulvic acid and emphasizes its role in improving metabolic disturbances associated with obesity. These findings suggest that fulvic acid could serve as a promising natural agent for the management of obesity.
Polyparasitism in dogs poses significant veterinary and public health challenges, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, where stray animal populations remain largely uncontrolled and anthelmintic access is inconsistent. This case report describes an unusual presentation of severe polyparasitism and post-mortem findings of a stray female German Shepherd. A female stray German Shepherd was presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Ibadan, with progressive weight loss, hind-limb paralysis, and severe emaciation. Faecal flotation and sedimentation, McMaster egg counting, haematology, gross necropsy, PCR, and phylogenetic analysis were performed. Coprological examination confirmed concurrent infection with Ancylostoma caninum, Toxocara canis, Spirocerca lupi, Hymenolepis spp., Taenia spp., Schistosoma spp., and Isospora spp. oocysts. Haematological findings revealed marked thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, lymphopenia, eosinophilia, and macrocytosis, without evidence of anaemia on packed cell volume, haemoglobin, or red blood cell count. Necropsy demonstrated severe cachexia and intestinal mucosal erosions with digested luminal blood, suggestive of chronic low-grade gastrointestinal blood loss. Molecular characterisation placed the Hymenolepis isolate within the H. microstoma/microps lineage. The dog died before treatment could be instituted. Fatal polyparasitism involving six helminth genera and a coccidian is a tangible clinical reality in dogs. Routine quantitative coprological screening, evidence-based anthelmintic rotation, and targeted deworming campaigns for stray dogs are recommended.
Diabetes during pregnancy impairs the mother's reproductive performance through hyperglycemia by modulating placental development and altering nutrient delivery to the fetus, causing numerous complications for both mother and child. To assess the effect of the ethanolic extract of Desmodium intortum on placental development and function in hyperglycemic pregnant rats and to explore the oxidative stress pathway. GC–MS and phytochemical analyses of the ethanolic extract of D. intortum were carried out to identify and quantify the bioactive molecules present in this extract that could confer its pharmacological activity. Hyperglycemia was induced in pregnant female rats by intraperitoneal administration of Streptozotocin (40 mg/kg) on gestational day 9. The extract (130 and 260 mg/kg) was orally administered for 7 consecutive days. Blood sugar levels, body mass gain, lipid profile, insulin levels, progesterone levels, fetal weight, placental weight and efficiency, placental oxidative stress and placental histomorphology were evaluated. GC–MS analysis showed the presence of 18 compounds with area
This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of species from the Anacardiaceae family in experimental diabetes mellitus. The scoping review was conducted following the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology and reported according to the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). The protocol was registered in the Open Science Framework (OSF), and the search was conducted across PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and EMBASE, as well as Google Scholar and ProQuest, with no language or publication date restrictions. Studies involving rodent models of experimental diabetes mellitus treated with species from the Anacardiaceae family were included. Exclusion criteria comprised studies involving non-rodent animals, studies not related to both Anacardiaceae and experimental diabetes mellitus, and those involving synthetic therapies already available on the market. Among the 51 articles evaluated, the first study associating the Anacardiaceae family with experimental diabetes mellitus was published in 2004. Streptozotocin was used in 62.7
Carpobrotus edulis (L.) N. E. Br., var. rubescens Druce, belongs to the Aizoaceae family and is a succulent plant with many potential medicinal and nutritional properties. This study aimed to evaluate the acute oral toxicity and anti-inflammatory activity of its ethanolic extract obtained by ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) in Wistar rats. The ethanolic extract was prepared by UAE, concentrated under reduced pressure, and administered to adult albino Wistar rats (3 months old, 200 ± 20 g). Acute toxicity was assessed at 2000 mg/kg following OECD guideline 423. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using carrageenan-induced paw oedema at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg, with Diclofenac 10 mg/kg as a positive control. Serum AST, ALT, urea, and creatinine were measured. Histological analyses of liver, kidneys, and paws were performed after haematoxylin and eosin staining. No mortality or clinical signs of toxicity were observed at 2000 mg/kg, and biochemical parameters remained within normal ranges, indicating no hepatotoxicity or nephrotoxicity. In the paw oedema model, the 400 mg/kg extract reduced oedema by 72.04
