The paper analyzes the problems between Colombia and Nicaragua regarding their border delimitation and the ruling of the International Court of Justice (ICJ), a ruling that questioned the acts of sovereignty exercised by Colombia in the 82nd Meridian and the loss of sea in the archipelago of San Andres, Santa Catalina and Providencia in favor of Nicaragua. This paper is documentary review research, qualitative in nature, whose main methodology is the analysis of a single case and the position of different authors regarding the Barcenas-Esguerra treaty. The strategy was based on the collection of information, supported by documents, where a detailed tracking of texts, articles, books and columns that dealt with the research topic was carried out, by means of the elaboration of a comparative matrix of texts. The results show that the authors coincide in stating that the Court did not consider several aspects of international law that revolve around sovereignty, international relations, the law of the sea, the Principle of Pacta Sunt Servanda and territorial law.
Introduction: Consumer behavior is an understudied determinant of residential water and electricity demand and, when it is studied, capturing and quantifying it is often problematic due to the absence of validated scales. Objective: to describe the beliefs, attitudes and practices related to water and electricity saving in households in the Aburr & aacute; Valley, with the purpose of contributing to the construction of scales that allow the study of saving behavior. Method: qualitative research with particularistic ethnography. Results and discussion: households have two types of beliefs (about consumption and about saving strategies), three types of attitudes (attitude toward consumption practices, emotional responses to saving behavior, and concern and feeling of responsibility for the environmental consequences of consumption) and three types of practices (investment in efficient technologies, water collection and reuse, and restriction of consumption practices). These findings constitute a basis for the development of a comprehensive scale that allows the quantification of the different dimensions of behavior and that has better validity characteristics than the instruments currently in use.
This article analyzes the role of Cuban educational institutions and their curriculum in shaping citizenship. Using discourse analysis methodology, the civic education texts for 5th and 6th grade are examined to identify how the figure of the Cuban citizen is constructed within a socialist political system. The findings show strong ideologization and normalization, promoting a dichotomous worldview and limiting the development of critical thinking. The texts reinforce an ideologized view of citizenship, where homeland and socialism are intrinsically linked. They promote conformity and obedience to a specific political regime, with a notable absence of terms related to democracy and peace, and a prevalence of concepts like revolution and work. This limits critical thinking and diversity of perspectives.
Currently, due to the various ways of organizing work and the modalities in which they are presented, it is necessary to reexamine the link that, as a concept, allows us to understand a social relationship, in this case, the one that workers forge with their work. The objective of this literature review article is to analyze the traditions from which the concept of organizational links has been approached in the scientific world. Using the Scopus database and Tree of Science procedures, a qualitative literature review was conducted using the meta-narrative method, with RAMESES protocol quality criteria, on a corpus of 87 documents to which content analysis and descriptive statistics were applied. It was found that in the last two decades, the concept of bonds has become relevant again in the research world, but its history shows that its dominant epistemological tradition is organizational behavior, from which knowledge of bonds is useful for the profitability of the company. From the perspective of organizational and work psychology, the effects of this tradition were critically discussed, especially when considering work modes other than employment, face-to-face presence, and attendance at a physical location, noting possibilities for new research agendas to theorize the bond as a social relationship in the work experience, without reification or instrumentalization.
Objective: To analyze the incidence of factors associated with human development in Wayuu child malnutrition in the department of La Guajira, Colombia. Method: A qualitative study based on a social phenomenological methodology, using semi-structured interviews. Results: Wayuu lived experiences reveal a progressive conception of development, as well as the influence of the territorial context as a determining factor in child malnutrition. The findings show that this social scourge constitutes a multidimensional problem and represents the materialization of precarious living conditions and social inequality to which this community has historically been exposed. Conclusions: There is a need to implement comprehensive approaches that enable, through coordinated institutional actions, the effective participation of the community while recognizing and valuing their ancestral knowledge.the department of La Guajira. Method: Qualitative, phenomenological methodology, through semi-structured interview. Results: a conception of progressive development is found in the Wayuu experiences, and an incidence of the territorial context as a condition for child malnutrition. It is evident that this social scourge is a multidimensional problem, a materialization of precariousness and social inequality to which this community has historically been exposed. Conclusions: it is necessary to implement comprehensive proposals that enable, through articulated institutional actions, the effective participation of the community, recognizing their ancestral knowledge.
