Based on the relevant literature of wetland monitoring technology research from 2003 to 2023.Spe-cifically,the trend of the research,research institutions,journals,keywords,and cited frequency were analyzed.The results show that the publication of wetland monitoring technology is on the rise,and it is predicted that by 2024 the number will reach 49.The largest number of publications is Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricul-tural Ecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences.Then one of the most popular journals is Wetland Science and Man-agement,and the main keywords are"wetland protection"and"wetland ecology".The recent studies are focus on the wetland park.The most frequently cited paper titled as"Progress in Wetland Degradation Research"written by Han Dayong.These all show the"wetland degradation"is still a hot research topic.Furthermore,the main moni-toring method is remote sensing(RS)in the present stage.Our results can provide the theoretical guidance for the wetland monitoring technology research in the future.
牦牛肠吻合手术在临床诊疗中不常见,笔者从事兽医工作十余年,仅遇一例. 牦牛肠出现破裂后若未能及时发现,延误了治疗,常导致牲畜死亡或被迫予以淘汰处理. 近日笔者在野外进行了一例牦牛肠吻合手术,效果颇佳,现将治疗经过报道如下.
Objective To detect the specific antibodies of Yersinia pestis phage in Marmota himalayana serum from Guide plague foci by micromethods,and grasp the epidemic dynamics of the animal plague,so as to provide theoretical basis for formulating plague prevention and control measures in this area.Methods The diagnostic Yersinia pestis phage and wild-type Yersinia pestis phage 476 as antigens,conduct neutralization test with 148 Marmota himalayana serum respectively,which were collected from Guide plague foci.After 24 hours,the serum was dripped onto a double-layer Agar medium which is prepared by EV76 bacteria suspension,and then culture at different temperatures.According to the presence of plaque on the medium,it was to determine whether the serum samples contain specific antibodies of Yersinia pestis phage.Results The results showed that highly similar plaques appeared in the culture plate in 28℃and 37℃temperature by the double agar plate method.Conclusion No specif-ic antibody of Yersinia pestis phage was detected in 148 serum samples of Marmota himalayana from the Guide plague foci.It shows that the epidemic situation of plague was in a weak epidemic or resting state among animals in this foci.
2022年1月,互助县一农户养殖的绵羊发生流产疫情.为查明病因,控制疫情,县动物疫控中心开展了此次调查.调查结果显示,发生流产的多为经产母羊,表现为怀孕后期突然流产或产死胎、弱羔,根据流行病学调查和实验室检测结果,确诊为弓形虫感染引发的流产.
In August 2022,there was an unusual mortality event among wild ducks in Qinghai Province,Chi-na.The nucleic acid was extracted from the collected tissues of the dead wild ducks,and the M gene of avian influ-enza virus(AIV)was first detected by universal RT-PCR and then the H5/H7/H9 specific genes were detected by using subtyping primers.The wild duck tissues were found to contain the nucleic acid of H5 subtype AIV.The complete genome of detected AIV was further sequenced by next generation sequence,and the 8 segments of the AIV were obtained.Analysis using Basic Local Alignment Search Tool revealed that,except for the NS gene,the other segments showed the highest homology with those of the H5N1 subtype.The HA gene cleavage site exhibited the characters of highly pathogenic avian influenza(HPAI)virus.The strain detected from the wild ducks was named A/Wigeon/Qinghai/2022(H5N1).Genetic evolution analysis of the HA gene indicated that A/Wigeon/Qinghai/2022(H5N1)belonged to the 2.3.4.4b subclade including H5N1 and H5N8,which has been circulating in wild birds in recent years,while showing a distant genetic relationship with the strains that were prevalent in Qinghai Province from 2005 to 2015.This study indicates that the genetic diversity of H5 subtype AIV derived from wild birds in Qinghai Lake is abundant,emphasizing the need for continuous monitoring of AIV carried by wild birds in the area.
In this study,8 microsatellite markers were selected to analyze the genetic diversity and population structure of 5 Oncorhynchus mykiss populations,including Donaldsons rainbow trout,Rainbow trout from Norway,Golden trout from Polish,Golden trout from Denmark and Golden trout from Gansu.The results showed that a total of 111 alleles were detected in the 8 microsatellite loci,the average He was 13.875,and the PIC was between 0.838 and 0.933.The genetic diversity of five trout populations was evaluated,and the average He range was 0.599～0.832,average Ho range was 0.605～0.788,and average PIC range was 0.532～0.808.According to the study,the genetic diversity of the five trout populations was still high.The genetic diversity of two popula-tions of golden trout was significantly lower than that of rainbow trout population,therefore the genetic diversity of golden trout population should not be reduced when local selection or artificial breeding was carried out.
黄芪多糖(Astragalus polysaccharides,APS)是从黄芪中提取的一种免疫调节剂,具有提高畜禽机体免疫力和抗氧化能力的功效,可以提高畜禽的生产性能,还可以作为潜在的抗生素替代物.本文综述了APS在提高动物生长性能、免疫水平和抗氧化性能等方面的作用,为APS在动物生产中的应用提供参考.
In this experiment,lactic acid bacteria were isolated and purified from 8 samples of traditional fer-mented yak yogurt in 4 counties of Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture,Qinghai Province,and identified using a biochemical identification kit.The results showed that among the 16 strains of lactic acid bacteria isolated,3 strains were Lactobacillus Germanus,2 strains were Lactobacillus casei,2 strains were Lactobacillus rohita,1 strain was Lactobacillus acidophilus and 8 strains were Streptococcus thermophilus.
针对黄南州河南县畜牧业生产、生态和生活方面存在的主要问题,青藏高原社区畜牧业项目紧密围绕河南社区发展有机畜牧业的思路,形成了河南社区特色生态畜牧业发展的亮点.本文介绍了项目实施过程中的一些经验和体会,并就存在的问题提出了相关建议.
As a calcium-binding protein,calcyphosine(CAPS)plays an important role in maintaining the balance of calcium and phosphorus in vivo.In this study,the CDS region of yak CAPS gene was cloned,its nucleo-tide sequence was analyzed,and bioinformatics analysis was carried out.Results showed that the CDS region of CAPS gene was 570 bp long and encoded 189 amino acids.The formula,molecular weight,theoretical pI,aliphat-ic index,instability index of the encoded protein was C905 H1434 N266 O297 S8,21 049.43 Da,4.69,75.29 and 37.52,respectively,which suggested it was a stable fat-soluble protein.Phylogenetic analysis showed that the CDS region of CAPS gene in yak had the highest similarity with that of common cattle and Zebu,with higher simi-larity with buffalo,sheep and pig.This study provided reference datafor further study on the physiological function of CAPS in yak.
In order to explore the sausage processing process with Qinghai Tibetan mutton as the main raw ma-terial,this study tested the hardness,viscosity and elasticity of the product,and took the sensory score as the eval-uation index,and comprehensively analyzed the ratio of different excipients of enema by L9(34)orthogonal test.The results showed that when the ratio of fat to lean was 3∶7,the addition of red currant was 0.50%,the addition of salt was 2.50%,the addition of cooking wine was 10%,and the addition of black pepper was 1.10%,the Ti-betan mutton sausage was made with bright color,close tissue,neat slicing,rich fragrance,and the best sensory quality.
冷鲜牦牛肉的微生物携带量受屠宰过程中环境温度、肉品接触物、消毒方法等诸多因素的影响,为了找出减菌控制的关键点,本试验选取屠宰场内地面、工人手、传送带、刀具、脖肉、前腿肉、后腿肉、待宰牛鼻孔、排酸肉等做表面拭子采样,检测、分析微生物污染情况.结果显示,肉样表面(牛脖、前腿、后腿3 个部位)排酸后的指标均低于排酸前.其中,大肠菌群值差异显著(P<0.05);排酸前后菌落总数差异不显著(P>0.05),沙门氏菌降幅在20%～26.80%之间,差异极显著(P<0.01),金黄色葡萄球菌降幅在 6.70%～13.40%之间,差异显著(P<0.05),单增李斯特菌降幅为6.70%,差异显著(P<0.05);环境样品中,地面样品各种微生物指标均最高,且 3 种致病菌都有检出,从刀具上检出1 种致病菌;从鼻孔和皮毛中检出3 种致病菌,皮毛的菌落总数和大肠菌群值都高于鼻腔,仅次于地面各项指标.
There were many problems such as high cost,long period or incomplete control in the traditional methods of Ligularia virgaurea prevention and control.Helicopter control could solve the above problems effective-ly.This study utilized AS-350 B3e helicopter and selected"Qingtuo Number 1"which was specialized in L.vir-gaurea prevention and control using the helicopter.By combining different flying heights(3,5,8 m)and speeds(90,100,110,120 km·h-1),the herbicide was sprayed at a sunny day.After that,we detected the density of fogdrop and percentage of L.virgaurea control with the water sensitive test paper and quadrat survey,as to deter-mine the best flying mode for controlling L.virgaurea.The results showed:At the same height,fogdrop density in-creased with the increasing of flying speed.With the rising of flying height,fogdrop density had a trend of decrea-sing.There was a significantly logarithmic correlation between fogdrop density and control percentage.At the same height,percentage of L.virgaurea control were over83%when the speeds were 100 or110 km·h-1.In compari-son,the percentage of L.virgaurea control had been maintained at higher level at the height of 3 or 5 m.Therefore,when L.virgaurea were controlled by helicopter,the control percentage were highest at 3 or 5 m flying height and with 100 or 110 km·h-1 flying speed.The results of this study could provide basic data or technology support to the control of grassland pest with helicopter and the restoration of L.virgaurea-dominated degraded grasslands.
猪德尔塔冠状病毒(porcine deltacoronavirus,PDCoV)是一种新型肠道病毒,该病毒原属于冠状病毒科重要成员,可引起仔猪腹泻,造成高死亡率,给养猪业造成巨大的经济损失.目前暂无针对该病的有效疫苗或药物,对于该病的防控主要以提高生物安全措施为主.本文主要综述PDCoV的流行病学特征、临床症状、诊断方法及防控措施等,旨在为该病的防控提供科学参考.
为探讨新型生物灭鼠剂D型肉毒毒素灭鼠剂的环境安全性,本文用D型肉毒毒素对鱼类毒性进行水解、光解及土壤降解试验,试验结果表明:鱼在供试物浓度达100 mg/L时未出现死亡.D型肉毒毒素在25℃,pH4、pH7 及pH9 的缓冲液中的水解半衰期t0.5 均为30 d;在50℃,pH4、pH7 及pH9 的缓冲液中水解半衰期t0.5 均小于5d;在氙灯4 000 luminance(光照度)下,水中光解半衰期为 t 0.5 = 10 h.土壤对 D 型肉毒毒素吸附率为99.95%～100%.实验证明该生物毒素灭鼠剂靶向性强,在自然环境中通过光解、水解及土壤吸附作用易降解,对鱼类安全,环境安全性良好.
本文采用猪蓝耳病通用型抗体ELISA检测法和猪蓝耳病通用型抗体快速检测卡检测法(胶体金法),对180 份已免高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸障碍综合征苗的猪血样进行免疫抗体检测.结果显示,采用ELISA检测法检测的猪蓝耳病免疫抗体阳性率为82.2%;用胶体金法检测的猪蓝耳病免疫抗体阳性率为 60.6%.二者相比,阳性符合率高(100%)即胶体金法抗体滴度大于1∶40 以上者在ELISA法检测中为阳性;阴性符合率低即胶体金法抗体滴度大于1∶20 小于1∶40 之间者在ELISA法检测中也为阳性,只有小于1∶20 者2 种方法检测结果都为阴性.胶体金法简单,快速,易操作,可用于乡镇畜牧兽医站或养殖场的自行检测.
非洲猪瘟是一种急性的比较强烈的传染性疾病,也是一种出血性疾病,由非洲猪瘟病毒感染所致,发病过程比较短,分为最急性和急性感染.该疾病是我国重点防范的动物类传播疾病之一,其死亡率高达 100%,主要传染的宿主是家猪与野猪,因此对于养猪业会造成很大经济损失.本文对非洲猪瘟的病理特征及防控策略进行综述,以供相关人士参考.
