Objectives: To evaluate the influence of crown morphology and collum angle of maxillary incisors on torque expression at common bracket-bonding landmarks using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: Twenty CBCT scans of individuals aged 18–27 years were analyzed. For each central and lateral incisor, the height of maximum labial contour (HMC), height of the labial anatomic (LA) point, collum angle (CA), and alpha angle at both HMC (αc) and LA (αLA) were measured. Stone casts confirmed LA points. Independent and paired t-tests assessed inter- and intra-tooth differences (α = 0.05). Results: The HMC was located 2.6 ± 0.3 mm (centrals) and 1.3 ± 0.5 mm (laterals) incisal to the LA point (p < 0.001). LA-point bracket placement reduced torque by 6.9° (centrals) and 5.7° (laterals). Conclusions: The LA point underestimates the true height of contour, potentially compromising torque delivery. CBCT-guided crown morphology analysis may improve bracket positioning in fixed and aligner treatments.
Background: Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) is a developmental enamel defect affecting first permanent molars and often incisors, presenting unique restorative challenges. In line with minimally invasive dentistry, the “Würzburg concept” promotes conservative management strategies with resin infiltration. Objectives: This case report investigates the impact of modifications to the ICON resin infiltration protocol on esthetic outcomes and adhesion in MIH-affected anterior teeth. Method: Three clinical cases involving MIH lesions on anterior teeth were treated using the Icon® resin infiltration system by DMG (Hamburg, Germany). Results: Preconditioning hypomineralized enamel with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite followed by resin infiltration enhances the physical integrity of composite resin restoration. Enhanced esthetic results were observed, especially when multiple Icon-Etch cycles and extended infiltration times were applied to white or creamy opacities. Conclusion: A modified ICON resin infiltration protocol achieves esthetic results that align with patient expectations and satisfy clinical standards.
Objectives: Ageism is a common type of discrimination and prejudice that consists in the stereotyping and discrimination against individuals or groups on the basis of their age.The purpose of this study was to assess dental hygienists and dental hygiene students’ attitudes toward geriatric patients, the perceptions of curriculum suitability, and their confidence in treating geriatric patients, together with an assessment of ageism in the study population. Methods: A survey was conducted among dental hygienists and dental hygiene students. The first part of the questionnaire contained questions related to demographics, and regarding their opinion on treatment in the geriatric population. The second part of the survey included the ASDS scale. Results: A total of 57 participants responded to the survey with a mean age of 26.2 years. Second year and third year students, as well as graduate dental hygienists, were significantly more confident in treating and managing geriatric patients on their own compared to first year students (P = 0.02). The lowest values (less ageism) of ASDS were recorded in factor 1 (values/ethics about older people; 2.51 in Q8 item) and the highest (more ageism) in factor 3 (barriers to dental care; 4.70 in Q20 item) and factor 2 (patient compliance; 4.37 in Q11 item). Conclusions: The current study shows that, in spite of low ageist starting attitudes, the behavior dental hygiene students and dental hygienists toward geriatric patients could still be improved.
Objectives: The purpose of this retrospective radiographic study was to measure alveolar bone width at the alveolar crest, intraosseous root length, apical bucco-palatal bone thickness and apical bone height at the anterior maxillary teeth prior to immediate implant placement. Dehiscence and fenestration at these sites were also reported. Methods: 50 CBCTs were included in this study. Measurements were taken on the right and left sides of the central incisor, lateral incisor, and canine using a 3d slicer program. Frequency of fenestration and dehiscence at these sites were also reported. Results: Mean bone width at the alveolar crest of the central incisor was 6.85 ± 0.517 mm, the lateral incisor was 6.414 ± 0.661 mm, and the canine was 8.257 ± 0.746 mm. Mean intraosseous root length at the central incisor, lateral incisor, and canine was 11.532 ± 1.6762 mm, 11.266 ± 1.659 mm, 14.714 ± 1.65 mm, respectively. Mean apical bucco-palatal bone thickness for the central incisor was 10.203 ± 2.456 mm, the lateral incisor was 9.191 ± 2.329 mm, and for the canine was 11.825 ± 3.136 mm. The average apical bone height at the central incisors, lateral incisors, and canines was 8.666 ± 2.352, 8.868 ± 2.417, 5.829 ± 2.9 mm, respectively. The percentage of dehiscence and fenestration in this study was 30.3% and 7.3%, respectively. Conclusions:To maximize immediate implant success, CBCT treatment planning is essential for determining ideal implant placement, particularly for lateral incisors due the bone thinness in this area.
This report describes a minimally invasive approach to address midline deviation and gingival discrepancies in a 50-year-old patient seeking rapid aesthetic results. Treatment included prosthetic crown lengthening, selective root modification, and biologic shaping to correct a 3 mm midline shift. Digital smile design and CAD/CAM technology guided the fabrication of zirconia restorations, achieving improved midline alignment, gingival harmony, and smile aesthetics with high patient satisfaction. This technique provides an efficient alternative for complex aesthetic cases.
Introduction: The study focuses on dental implants, which are used to replace missing teeth. A key decision in implant dentistry is when to place the implant relative to tooth extraction. This review compares two main approaches: immediate implant placement (placing the implant during the same surgery as tooth removal) and delayed implant placement (placing the implant after the extraction site has healed, typically 6 to 12 months later). Objectives: The study aims to compare the success rates and complications associated with these two-timing strategies, especially concerning the implant’s ability to withstand chewing forces. The primary objective was to compare post-extraction implant placement (immediate) with conventional implant placement (delayed) regarding their survival rates when subjected to immediate loading (chewing forces). The secondary objective was to identify the advantages and disadvantages of both approaches. The null hypothesis was that there would be no significant differences in the main outcomes between the two approaches, although each method would have its own set of pros and cons. Methods: For this purpose, a bibliographic search was conducted in the PubMed and Scopus & web of sciences database for clinical and retrospective studies and clinical trials published in the past years from 2013 at 2023. The inclusion criteria were articles written in English, published within the past years, up to 2023, in order to collect the following types of articles: clinical case reports, randomized clinical trials, retrospective and descriptive studies, prospective studies, protocols, and clinical studies related to the topic of this review, the full text of which is freely available. Exclusion criteria Articles not related to the main topic, articles published more than 10 years ago, articles without abstracts, in vitro or animal studies, were excluded from this work. The search and selection resulted in 15 articles that were included in this systematic review. Results: The reviewed studies showed no significant differences between immediate and delayed implant placement in terms of the evaluated parameters, success rate, survival rate, bone changes and stability rates and resistance to chewing forces. Immediate implant placement is a successful and effective treatment that reduces treatment time and resists chewing forces well. Conclusions: Immediate implant placement represents a valid alternative to delayed implant placement.
Objectives: Chronic non-bacterial osteomyelitis (CNO) is a rare autoinflammatory bone disorder predominantly affecting pediatric and adolescent populations. The clinical presentation is heterogeneous, with persistent pain and swelling representing the most frequent and often initial symptoms. These manifestations are commonly localized to the mandible, although involvement of other skeletal sites, including long bones, clavicle, and vertebrae, may occur in more advanced cases. Beyond localized symptoms, some patients exhibit mild systemic features such as low-grade fever, fatigue, or malaise; however, these systemic signs are generally less pronounced than those observed in infectious osteomyelitis. The diagnostic evaluation of CNO is intricate and necessitates a systematic, multi-modal approach. Clinicians must integrate clinical assessment with imaging and laboratory investigations. Radiological modalities, particularly computed tomography (CT), are instrumental in delineating the extent and distribution of osseous lesions. In select cases, bone biopsy is indispensable to exclude differential diagnoses such as primary bone malignancies or metastatic disease. Histopathological examination and microbiological cultures derived from biopsy specimens are critical for confirming the absence of infectious pathogens, thereby facilitating the differentiation of CNO from bacterial osteomyelitis. Methods: Between 2016 and 2024, a total of 52 pediatric patients (comprising 18 males and 34 females) aged 5 to 17 years, presenting with diverse anthropometric characteristics, were admitted to the maxillofacial department of the Russian Children’s Clinical Hospital, a branch of the Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. Pirogov in Moscow, with a provisional diagnosis of CNO. These patients underwent a comprehensive multi-stage diagnostic protocol aimed at confirming or excluding the suspected diagnosis. The evaluation process included clinical assessment and medical history review, as well as laboratory investigations encompassing radiological imaging, bacteriological analysis, and morphological examination of excised bone specimens. Conclusion: While there have been efforts documented in the literature to develop criteria and streamline the diagnostic process for CNO, it is premature to assert that these initiatives are widely recognized and implemented on a global scale. Results: Of the 52 patients, 65.38% were female (mean age 10.21 years) and 34.61% were male (mean age 11.11 years). The mandible—particularly the left body and ramus—was the most commonly affected site, with symptoms including trismus, bone pain, edema, and Vincent’s symptom. Imaging and histology supported an autoinflammatory process, and 60.52% of cultures were negative, confirming the non-bacterial nature of the disease.
Objectives: This in-vitro study aimed to evaluate whether different deep margin elevation (DME) thicknesses (1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm) influence the fracture resistance and fracture type of molars restored with CAD/CAM lithium disilicate overlays, compared to no elevation. Methods: Seventy-six extracted human molars were randomly divided into four groups (n=19) based on Deep Margin Elevation thickness: 0 mm (control), 1 mm, 2 mm, and 3 mm. Standardized Class II cavities were prepared with cervical margins extending 1 mm below the cementoenamel junction. DME was performed using a low-viscosity hybrid composite. Using a CAD/CAM workflow, overlays were designed and milled from fully crystallized lithium disilicate blocks. After cementation and aging, all specimens were loaded to failure under vertical compressive force. Fracture resistance was measured in Newton and the fracture analysis was recorded. Results: No significant differences in fracture resistance or fracture type distribution were found among the different deep margin elevation groups (p>0.05). Favorable fractures were more frequent in the control and 1 mm groups, while more severe fractures appeared in the 2 mm and 3 mm groups. Conclusions: Deep Margin Elevation up to 3 mm did not affect the fracture resistance of lithium disilicate overlays. All groups exceeded typical masticatory forces observed in clinical conditions. Therefore, the use of DME in conjunction with CAD/CAM lithium disilicate overlays appears to be mechanically reliable and clinically acceptable, regardless of the thickness of DME.
Objectives: In modern dentistry, intraoral scanners (IOSs) have become indispensable tools for capturing accurate digital impressions of patients’ dentition, facilitating the design and fabrication of various dental restorations. However, the accuracy of these scanners can be influenced by factors such as scan span, which refers to the extent of the area scanned during impression taking. Understanding the impact of scan span on scanner accuracy is crucial for optimizing clinical outcomes and ensuring the reliability of digital models. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the accuracy, encompassing both trueness and precision, of intraoral scanners (IOSs) across different scan spans. It aims to determine whether the length of the scan span impacts the accuracy of both intraoral and desktop scanners, and whether there exist notable variations in accuracy and reliability among three IOSs. Methods: Three Plaster models representing different spans (full arch, half arch, and three teeth) were obtained from silicone impressions of a mandibular typodont. An industrial scanner (Ceramill 600 plus) captured reference digital models of these plaster models. Subsequently, the same plaster models were scanned using three IOS (Trios 3, Helios 600, Heron 3Disc) to obtain 90 test digital models. Professional reverse engineering software Geomagic control x was employed for processing and analysis. Differences between the reference and test models were evaluated using the root mean square value. Statistical analysis was conducted using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Shapiro-Wilk tests. Results: The precision and accuracy of IOSs can be assessed in terms of trueness and precision. Trueness measures how closely the digital model matches the actual scanned object, while precision gauges the consistency of digital models derived from multiple scans of the same object. To evaluate trueness, the root mean square (RMS) value was computed for each set of models in comparison to a reference model. Statistical analyses, including two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and subsequent post-hoc tests, were conducted to detect significant differences among scan types and durations. Precision assessment involved analyzing RMS values, with Levene’s test assessing variance consistency across groups. The significance level was set at 5%. Both trueness and precision showed significant differences across scan spans (p < 0.001) and scanner types (p < 0.001), highlighting the impact of scanner choice and scan duration on accuracy. Conclusions: The study explored the impact of scan span and scanner type on the accuracy of intraoral scanners in dental applications. It found significant differences in accuracy across various scan spans and among different scanners, highlighting the influence of both factors. Additionally, smaller scan spans tended to produce more precise outcomes, and Trios demonstrated superior precision compared to other scanner types. These findings emphasize the importance of considering both scan span and scanner type for optimizing scanning accuracy in dental practice.
The central question is whether teledentistry can effectively access and provide treatment to dental patients. This review seeks to examine how teledentistry improves oral health services through the use of various enabling technologies. This explores the integration of artificial intelligence in teledentistry in modern oral healthcare. Teledentistry expands its access to dental services, especially in remote and undeserved communities through synchronous, asynchronous and remote patient monitoring while reducing costs, logistical barriers and chairside time. It shifts its dynamic from a curative model to a proactive preventive one which focuses on patient centered care. Artificial Intelligence (AI) includes machine learning, deep learning and representation learning. The incorporation of AI enhances these platforms through accurate diagnosis, personalized treatment plan, automated image analysis, effective communication and remote monitoring, patient education using AI chatbots and prioritizing urgent cases between patient and the dentist. AI driven systems often exceeds its performance as compared to human practitioners in identifying various dental pathologies such as periapical radiolucency, caries, bone loss, orthodontic tooth movement, malignancies at a faster interpretation rate using the help of imaging provided by scans, radiographs, intraoral/ extraoral photographs etc. Nevertheless, several obstacles remain such as safeguarding data privacy, establishing regulatory frameworks, standardizing technological infrastructure, and preserving the clinician–patient relationship are critical guidelines, and cross-disciplinary collaboration to ensure that AI enabled teledentistry is implemented responsibly. To summarize, AI offers a promising aid in the field of teledentistry and offers efficacious, approachable, and streamlined oral healthcare solutions in all fields of dentistry.
Objectives: The purpose of this research was to determine whether a clinical trial to assess the impact of physiotherapy and mouthguards on bruxism was feasible. This included assessing participant recruitment, carrying out the interventions, and gathering data with appropriate techniques. The study focused on using posture angle analysis to evaluate changes in posture linked to bruxism and electromyography (EMG) to detect muscular activity. By exploring these elements, the study aimed to provide the groundwork for a more extensive, larger clinical trial. Methods: Participants were recruited from the USJ dental clinics after their consultations. They were screened for bruxism using a questionnaire and clinical examination conducted with the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC-TMD) questionnaire. The mouthguard-only group received a custom-fitted mouthguard fabricated by a qualified dentist. The mouthguard was worn during sleep for 6 weeks. Participants were instructed to clean the mouthguard daily and to store it in a cool, dry place. The mouthguard-and-physiotherapy group received a custom-fitted mouthguard and physiotherapy. The physiotherapy home program consisted of posture exercises, relaxation techniques, and physiotherapy targeting the muscles of the head, neck, and shoulders. Participants performed the exercises daily at home, recorded them, and sent the videos to a social platform for 6 weeks. Results: A total of 10 individuals were included in the study (n=10). No statistically significant differences were found between the groups for maximum intercuspation, posture angle, or resting state (p=0.31, 0.22, and 0.06, respectively). Conclusions: This pilot study demonstrated that recruitment, intervention delivery, and data collection were feasible in this setting. However, no significant differences were detected between groups after 6 weeks. Given the small sample size and short duration, the findings should be interpreted with caution. Further research with larger cohorts and longer follow-up is necessary to draw definitive conclusions on the effectiveness of mouthguards and physiotherapy for bruxism.
Objectives: Dental at-home bleaching is a widely recognized and effective treatment for improving the shade of anterior teeth. However, the impact of varying application times of carbamide peroxide (CP) concentrations on whitening efficacy and tooth sensitivity (TS) remains unclear. Methods: In this split-mouth, randomized clinical trial, 80 participants were divided into two groups (n = 40 each) to receive either 10% or 16% CP gel for home bleaching. Different application times were tested. Tooth color was measured using the Optishade colorimeter, and TS was evaluated via a five-point analog numerical rating scale. The Friedman test with post hoc Tukey test analyzed color changes over time within application times. The Mann-Whitney test compared application times at each follow-up. Significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: Participants using 16% CP gel for 2 hours daily demonstrated the greatest tooth color improvement at 1 and 2 weeks. A similar effect was observed with 10% CP gel applied for 4 hours daily. Shorter application times (1 hour daily for 16% CP or 2 hours daily for 10% CP) resulted in less whitening regardless of gel concentration (p < 0.01). The highest TS was reported with 16% CP for 2 hours, particularly in the first days. The 10% CP for 4 hours caused moderate sensitivity, while the lowest sensitivity was found in participants applying gels for shorter application times (1 hour daily for 16% CP or 2 hours daily for 10% CP), especially in the 10% CP group (p < 0.03). Conclusions: At-home bleaching using 16% CP for 2 hours or 10% CP for 4 hours daily yields optimal whitening but increases tooth sensitivity. Shorter application times reduce sensitivity but may compromise bleaching efficacy. These findings support tailoring bleaching protocols to patient sensitivity and whitening goals.
Objectives: This in vitro study compared the solubility of three root canal sealers, AH Plus (epoxy resin-based), MTA Fillapex (MTA-based), and Cerafill RCS (bioceramic), in two solvents: Xylene and Endosolv. Methods: Sixty standardized cylindrical specimens were prepared using the three sealers of interest. The specimens were divided into six groups (n = 10) and immersed in either Xylene or Endosolv for 10 minutes. Solubility was assessed by calculating the percentage weight loss before and after immersion. Data were analysed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test (α= 0.05). Results: All sealers exhibited statistically significant solubility in both solvents (p < 0.001). AH Plus showed the highest solubility in Endosolv (72.63 ± 7.96%), while Cerafill RCS exhibited the lowest solubility in Xylene (6.99 ± 0.95%). Endosolv was significantly more effective than Xylene in dissolving all three sealers. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this in vitro study, Endosolv exhibited a higher dissolving capacity than Xylene, particularly for resin-based sealers such as AH Plus. Cerafill RCS showed the greatest resistance to both solvents, suggesting potential challenges in removing bioceramic sealers during retreatment procedures.
Gingival overgrowth is well documented side effect associated with three major classes of drugs viz, anticonvulsants, calcium channel blockers, and immunosuppressants. Dental Surgeons need to discuss this issue with their medical colleagues and to practice care while prescribing the drugs associated with gingival overgrowth. The aim of present article is to report a rare case of gingival enlargement with long term Drug history. Drug-induced gingival enlargement often occurs due to patient’s lack of awareness about the side effects of prescribed medications. This case report presents with an unusual rare instance of massive drug-induced gingival overgrowth in a 21-year-old male, successfully managed through a surgical approach.
Introduction: The treatment of periodontitis aims to prevent further disease progression, to minimize symptoms and perception of the disease, possibly to restore lost tissues and to support patients in maintaining a healthy periodontium. Management of chronic periodontal disease requires a combination of therapeutic modalities and a lifelong commitment to periodontal self-care. Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate predictors for tooth loss in patients previously diagnosed with periodontitis. This systematic review covers studies of over 10 years of follow-up. Methods: Electronic literature search was conducted on 19/02/2024 by one author across several databases, including Medline (PubMed), Embase, and Google Scholar, including longitudinal studies investigating the association between predictors and tooth loss in periodontitis patients. A total of 594 publications were screened, and three reviewers analyzed the articles and extracted the data. Of these, 17 studies met the inclusion criteria. Results: A total of 17 articles were included in this systematic review. The mean year of publication of the included studies was 2014. The mean follow-up period was 13.8 years. The studies involved a total of 2,633 participants. The mean sample size was 154 participants. Patients’ mean age was 42.5 years. Conclusions: Older, males, smokers or diabetic patients, with irregular attendance to supportive periodontal therapy and teeth with high probing depth, mobility, or molars, especially with furcation involvement, are major modifiable risk factors for tooth loss.
Introduction: The long-term performance of dental restorations depends on their internal and marginal fits. Improvements in the fit of restorations, especially zirconia crowns, have been investigated through the use of diverse materials, manufacturing processes, and impression techniques. Objectives: The purpose of this review was to examine the internal and marginal fit of zirconia crowns made with CAD/CAM software with artificial intelligence (AI) software. Methods: Using a combination of keywords and MeSH terms, the literature search was carried out across seven databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, ProQuest, and ScienceDirect from inception till 1st of September, 2024. To guarantee correctness and uniformity in the data that was retrieved, a standardised form was established. In vitro or in vivo studies were considered for inclusion, and two reviewers evaluated the selected literature. Results: CAD/CAM-generated restorations showed better fit than conventionally manufactured restorations in all 5 of the studies included in the review, especially those made with digital workflows and imprint techniques. Compared to other approaches, digital technologies including completely digital (IOS) and digital intraoral impressions produced a better fit. For single-visit zirconia treatment, high-speed sintering produced encouraging results with lower marginal gap values. When compared to milled zirconia (MZ) crowns, self-glazed zirconia (SGZ) crowns showed superior internal and overall fit. Conclusions: The results showed that, when compared to restorations that were conventionally produced, CAD/CAM-fabricated restorations, particularly those that were planned with the use of digital workflows and imprint techniques, had greater marginal and internal fit. Zirconia crown fit has improved thanks to promising advances in digital technology, including high-speed sintering and entirely digital operations. To determine the long-term clinical performance of restorations created with CAD/CAM and AI, more research is required.
Objectives : To evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of Ginger, Resin Gum, and Nigella Sativa, against Enterococcus faecalis. Methods : Thirty-eight extracted single-rooted premolars were inoculated with E. faecalis (except the negative control) and incubated for 4 weeks. After instrumentation, samples were divided into four groups (n = 7) according to final irrigation: NaOCl + EDTA (Group A), Nigella sativa (B), Resin Gum (C), Ginger (D), plus two control groups (n = 5): Saline (E) and Saline without bacterial inoculation (F). Cultures were collected at baseline and after irrigation. Results : One-way ANOVA showed that in groups A–D a statistically significant reduction of bacterial load was observed at T1 after final chemo-mechanical instrumentation (p < 0.05). The antibacterial reduction rate was as follows: Nigella sativa (99.89%), Ginger (99.85%), and Resin Gum (99.64%). Conclusions : Herbal irrigants can be used as adjuncts to NaOCl in eradicating E. faecalis.
Objectives:The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of PRF in promoting soft tissue healing and bone regeneration after extraction in the anterior maxillary region. A secondary objective was to correlate soft tissue change with underlying bone structure variation. Finally, the study also aimed to compare soft and hard tissue alteration based on different types of extracted teeth. Methods:The sample included five adult patients requiring the extraction of at least two symmetrical teeth in the anterior maxilla, totaling fourteen teeth. Participants underwent CBCT scans and digital impressions before extraction. Concerned teeth were then extracted, and extraction sites were randomly assigned either to the experimental group (PRF) or the control group (without PRF). Ten weeks after extraction, follow-up CBCT scans and digital impressions were performed. The evaluation of soft and hard tissue changes was carried out by superimposing and aligning preoperative and postoperative CBCT scans and STL files. Results:After ten weeks of healing, the study revealed an increase in soft tissue thickness of 38% and 34% at 2 mm and 4 mm, respectively, for the control group. As for the experimental group, soft tissue thickness increased by 18% and 22%. Regarding hard tissues, the control group showed a resorption of 33% and 25% at 2 mm and 4 mm, respectively, while the experimental group showed a resorption rate of 23% and 22%. The central incisor exhibited the highest hard tissue resorption, followed by the canine, while the first premolar showed the least resorption. Conclusions:Within the limitations of this study, we observed better dimensional changes in hard tissue and soft tissue healing after extraction in the group where PRF was used.
Introduction: Non-surgical retreatment is a conservative approach for managing recurrent endodontic infections requiring efficient removal of obturating material while preserving dentin. Retreatment file systems, through their design and function, play a vital role in ensuring effective cleaning and minimal structural compromise. Methods: Forty-five extracted mandibular molars were decoronated and obturated at a standardized root length of 16 mm in both mesial canals. Samples were divided into three groups (n = 15): Group 1 – SoliteRS3, Group 2 – Dentsply Protaper Universal Retreatment Files, and Group 3 – Neoendo Retreatment Files. Pre- and postoperative CBCT scans were used to assess remaining dentin thickness, canal centering ability, and centering ratio. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey tests (p < 0.05). Results: There was a statistically significant difference among the three file systems in all evaluated parameters (p < 0.05). SoliteRS3 showed better dentin preservation and superior centering ability. Conclusions: SoliteRS3 files demonstrated superior dentin conservation and canal centering, making them a favorable choice for endodontic retreatment.
Introduction: Predisposition to root resorption as a result of a dental movement may be a consequence of clinical, biological, and biomechanical factors that should lead the clinician to objectively assess each patient to reduce associated risk factors. Objectives: To establish an association between clinical and tomographic findings related to external root resorption (ERR) using cone beam tomography (CBCT) on maxillary incisors during the first stage of orthodontic treatment. Methods: An observational, follow-up, cohort study that analyzed the association between clinical and radiographic variables on maxillary incisors using CBCT before placing fixed orthodontic appliances and finishing the first stage of orthodontic treatment in 20 patients was performed. Results: Using the Levander and Malmgren criteria on root length, no statistically significant changes were observed at any evaluation time. When exploring the association between malocclusion type, the vertical component, and type of orthodontic appliance used, no statistically significant changes were observed for teeth 11, 12, 21, and 22 (Vp KW>0.05). However, significant changes in class I patients compared to class III in tooth 22 were observed. Conclusions: It is important to evaluate using 3D tools from the beginning of the orthodontic treatment to assess the individual risk of developing ERR as the etiology of such condition is multifactorial. It is noteworthy to mention that, after 6 months, no diagnosis of significant ERR was made. However, a reduction in total root length was observed in most patients. The selected clinical variables did not have an impact on the first stage of the orthodontic treatment.
