The prosperous digital economy has had a wide and far-reaching impact on every field of the economy and society.At present when high-quality development is the trend,it is particularly critical to study whether the digital economy can promote low-carbon development.Based on the research data of 30 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government)in China from 2013 to 2020,this paper constructs a digital economy indicator system to discuss the impact of digital economy on carbon productivity and its mechanism from the perspective of resource mismatch;it has also conducted robustness tests and heterogeneity analyses.It is found that digital economy has a significant positive effect on carbon productivity,and has passed a series of robustness tests;digital economy can promote carbon productivity by optimizing the allocation of capital and labor factors;Heterogeneity analyses show that the effect of digital economy on carbon productivity in the eastern region is higher than that in the central region,while the effect in the western region is insignificant.Quantile regression results show that with the increase of carbon productivity,the impact of digital economy shows a progressive trend.
实现国家治理赋能乡村治理,关键在于增进农民公共事务参与.基于公共事务参与的集体行动属性、人的社会性存在以及社会资本对集体行动的影响,从一个理论层面回顾了信任对农民集体行动达成的影响研究.认为信任作为一种对他人行为和意图有利期待的状态,因其实现了向风险行为的"飞跃"而有利于降低交易成本,推动集体行动达成.为了还原信任的具体性和现实性特点,立足于信任对象的差异可将其区分为特殊信任和普遍信任,其中前者建立在直接互动和相互熟悉之上,而后者则与规则制度密切相关.深化农民集体行动中的信任要素研究,需要结合信任基础及其作用方式细化农民信任区分,在此基础上立足村庄社会网络分析信任影响农民集体行动的作用机制,并在社会转型背景下把握农民信任变迁的特点.
"Double reduction"is a national livelihood project of China and its effective implementation is the key to the effectiveness of the policy.Policy tools are the methods and means used by the government to implement policies.From the perspective of policy tools,this paper analyzes the content of provincial policy texts on the basis of constructing a two-dimensional framework of"tool-target."The results include that provincial governments have formed a policy system composed of plans,measures,and decisions,which has strong operability;there is a significant structural imbalance in the selection of policy tools,which is manifested as the overuse of command tools,the relatively insufficient use of symbolic and exhortation tools,and the serious absence of capacity building tools,incentive tools and system change tools;there are differences in the allocation of government attention to policy objectives,focusing more on"reducing burden"than on"improving quality"in the implementation of"double reduction";and that the fit between tool and target is low.As countermeasures,the mix of policy tools should be improved to boost synergy;the allocation of attention to different objectives should be balanced and the policy supply for"improving quality and efficiency"should be strengthened;and the configuration of policy tools should be scientifically coordinated to improve the targeting accuracy of tools.
劳动解放是马克思人的解放理论的重要组成部分.实现劳动解放,需要具备与之相适应的生产力和生产关系条件.随着人工智能技术在生产中的应用,思考人工智能与劳动解放的关系成为必要.从劳动视角解读人工智能,其产生是为了服务人类劳动,本质是人本质力量对象化的产物.在生产力方面,人工智能对劳动者、劳动工具和劳动对象的技术化革新,对劳动形态和劳动组织方式的变革,对工人和整个生产过程中分工性质的改变,不仅推动了劳动生产率的提升,也有助于人从劳动中剥离出来,为实现人的劳动解放创造了条件.在生产关系方面,由于私有制的存在,人工智能受资本宰制,仍然会产生劳动异化和剩余价值剥削,则会阻碍劳动解放的实现.以资本主义生产为鉴,要使智能机器更好地服务于人类劳动解放,就技术本身而言,仍要继续鼓励人工智能的发展,充分挖掘其技术潜能;就制度设计而言,要充分发挥社会主义制度优势,抑制资本对人工智能的支配;就价值引导而言,要坚持人是目的的价值原则,处理好工具理性与价值理性的关系.
对长沙市960名高年级小学生进行实证调查,运用描述性统计、独立样本t检验、方差分析、积差分析、逐步多元回归分析等探究不同背景变量下学生同伴关系对校园欺凌行为的影响.研究表明,同伴关系中的同伴排斥与身体欺凌、言语欺凌、关系欺凌以及整体校园欺凌行为存在显著正相关;同伴关系中的同伴沟通与身体欺凌和言语欺凌存在显著负相关;同伴接纳、同伴排斥可作为校园欺凌行为有效的预测变量;同伴接纳和同伴沟通作为校园欺凌行为的保护因素,可以明显抑制或减少欺凌行为,帮助被欺凌者缓解欺凌行为所带来的伤害.根据研究结论,提出综合防治校园欺凌行为的建议:系统建构全校性欺凌行为防治方案;营造安全与正向支持的同伴团体力量;引导学生发展积极品质的同伴关系;对学生进行人际冲突技能训练;采取良好的教养方式,培养温暖的亲子关系.
