There is a growing feeling that artificial intelligence (AI) is getting out of control. Many AI experts worldwide stress that great care must be taken on the so-called alignment problem, broadly understood as the challenge of developing AIs whose actions are in line with human values and goals. The story goes that ever more powerful AI systems are escaping human control and might soon operate in a manner that is no longer guided by human purposes. This is what we call the AI-out-of-control discourse which, in this paper, we critically examine and debunk. Drawing on complementary insights from political theory, socio-technical studies and Marxian political economy, we critique the supposed animistic and autonomous nature of AI, and the myth of the uncontrollability of AI. The problem is not that humanity has lost control over AI, but that only a minority of powerful stakeholders are controlling its creation and diffusion, through politically undemocratic processes of decision-making. In these terms, we reframe the alignment problem thesis with an emphasis on citizen engagement and public political participation. We shed light on the existing politics of AI and contemplate alternative political expressions whereby citizens steer AI development or stop it in the first place.
话语身份是高校思政课教师主体话语与身份的集中体现,是新时代高校思政课教师队伍建设的重要议题.话语身份主体的内在规定与外在阐释、结构的宏观主导与微观参与、定位的个体独立与群体归属为新时代高校思政课教师话语身份的生成提供了学理依据.新时代高校思政课教师的话语身份建构,有赖于知识传播与价值导向、资源调控与启发教育、行为规范和伦理评价等功能的集体发力,也需要借助"排头兵"式预设策略、"放大镜"式凸显策略、"圈内人"式移情策略、"显微镜"式评价策略的支持.
突发事件网络舆情不仅是公众感知社会风险的自我表达,也是公众风险应对行为的重要参照.突发事件发生后,网络舆情风险演化在不同阶段表现出不同规律:萌发期呈现出舆情风险突变规律式演化;扩散期呈现出舆情风险涟漪效应式演化;高涨期呈现出舆情风险共振规律式演化;消退期呈现出舆情风险耗散规律式演化.突发事件网络舆情风险演化的生成动因是固有因素、人为因素、环境因素和管理因素等多重因素共同作用的结果,其中包括社会隐性风险与舆情风险相叠加、公众感知风险增加舆情变换风险、网络环境失衡加速舆情风险扩散、公共管理风险导致舆情风险反复.为推进突发事件网络舆情风险防控工作有序开展,应强化舆情风险沟通理念与防控意识,完善舆情风险防控法律保障体系,构建舆情风险防控常态长效机制,提高舆情风险防控技术创新水平.
针对生态环境损害,我国逐步形成了环境民事公益诉讼、环境行政公益诉讼和生态环境损害赔偿诉讼"三诉并行"的司法救济体系,旨在为生态环境公共利益提供全方位保护与监督.在生态环境损害司法救济体系的发展过程中,不同诉讼制度性质界分的论争和适用范围的扩张渗透、行政机关与司法机关的职能错位、检察机关公益诉权的内容模糊等问题逐渐暴露出其面临的内生困境,亟须作出精细化和系统化的规范设计.为此,应基于权利(权力)与义务的衡量,重新审视主体的角色功能和权责分配,合理设置不同诉讼制度的适用位序;基于制度功能的考察,根据"风险预防""损害填补""法律监督"等不同功能面向划定"三诉"各自的适用范围;同时,通过强化不同诉讼制度间的互动关系,确保体系性协同,从而构建层层递进的生态环境损害司法救济体系.
大学生生命教育是一个历久弥新的时代课题,是高校心理健康教育的重要内容.基于责任伦理视角分析,不难发现,新时代大学生生命教育主要存在教育主体责任思维欠缺、多元责任主体协同不足、个体责任伦理意识不强、责任伦理运行体系不畅等问题.当前,加强大学生生命教育的责任伦理建构,应当充分遵循以认知理解为前提、内化认同为核心、外化践履为归宿的生命教育运行逻辑.
