In 2026, Latin America finds itself immersed in a process marked by the seizure of executive power—with a strong presence in the legislature in some cases—by ultra-neoconservative authoritarian forces, which have achieved this thanks to strong electoral support. I have proposed a thesis in which I intend to establish a relationship, not of determining causality, but rather of a high degree of influence of the nation-state's economic and social structure on its political regime (Paper for the Congress of the Latin American Sociological Association in Rio de Janeiro this coming July). These are very similar regimes, headed by leaders who are also very similar to one another. Therefore, it is plausible to seek part of their explanation in profound processes that unfold within the social structure, processes that are not local, but rather generalized and shared, occurring not only in Latin America but throughout the Americas and in Europe. I propose and explore the hypothesis that this widespread and shared dynamic is related to the important analytical category of accumulation. In short, it is argued that the type of accumulation in the current historical period is characterized by its transnational nature, making it functional for a political regime lacking significant democracy and exhibiting considerable authoritarian practices.
Chronic marijuana use has been linked to negative effects on executive functions, but there is uncertainty with recreational, sporadic, and non-dependent use. This article reports and analyzes the results of a systematic review of the evidence that has evaluated this issue specifically in young people. Only two studies that met the inclusion criteria were identified in the OVID, Embase and EBSCO databases. They showed that recreational sporadic cannabis use was associated with alterations in working memory and a reduction in the number of correct decisions in a psychometric test.
Social policy, by itself, has different intrinsic principles that lead to the improvement of democracy in the country. Public policies in this field seek the reduction of specific privileges, which would lead to fair and equitable access to rights. In this regard, Mexico is taken as a case study to formulate public policy proposals that seek the effective incorporation of historically discriminated populations, and that, in addition, recognize the principle of equality as a normative foundation towards the search for a minimum floor guaranteed by the State, such as the Universal Basic Income (IBU, by its Spanish acronym) in our country.
This work analyzes the discourse of the Mexican State on development for the implementation of the Mayan Train (TM) megaproject, which contains a neo-colonial and modernity process, but, in the end, it comes to implement the rationalist process ofcapital. in the region. Likewise, it is reviewed how through the implementation of this policy agency was achieved within the subaltern struggle of the Regional Indigenous and Popular Council of Xpujil S.C. The Council, through legal struggle, obtained thecancellation of the project on its territory. However, the project continues in execution despite the protection achieved.
Public policies generally originate at the formal level, through legal instruments such as laws, decrees, guidelines, or directives, depending on the state institution that issues them, whether the Legislative Branch, the Executive Branch, or other bodies empowered to do so. These instruments, developed through normative procedures, generally reflect negotiation processes between different social sectors interested in the issue the policy addresses. However, there is often a gap, sometimes small or sometimes significant, between the promulgation of public policy and its effective implementation. This gap can manifest itself in substantive terms, when the actual execution differs significantly from the literal content of the legal instrument that establishes it. In some cases, what is implemented is minimal; in others, a coherent application is achieved that faithfully reflects what was promulgated. The magnitude of this gap depends largely on the power dynamics between the social actors involved, who, in many cases, participated in the initial stages of formulation. Understanding these tensions and challenges is essential for critically analyzing the life cycle of a public policy, from its normative inception to its actual impact on society.
The book Naturalezas neoliberales. Conflictos en torno al extractivismo urbano-inmobiliario, coordinated by Patricia Pintos and Sofia Astelarra (2023), is reviewed. It maps contemporary practices of urban-real estate extractivism and the resistance of vulnerable populations in an interdisciplinary way. Its contribution consists of providing conceptual tools about models of capital accumulation and neoliberal practices; generating diagnoses for the monitoring of urban-environmental real estate conflicts; and highlighting the potential and political creativity of local.
The objective of this article is to analyze, from the perspective of Marxist dependency theory, the dependency relations of the Viceroyalty of Nueva Granada. To this end, it examines the settlement enterprises and economic modernization projects promoted by the Spanish State during the Bourbon reformism in the second half of the 18th century. The study offers an explanation of the failure of these initiatives and the consequent underdevelopment of the viceregal capitals.
The objective of this article is to analyze the impacts that the tourism boom has had on the Ometepe Island Biosphere Reserve and identify the challenges to promote sustainable ecotourism. The study is based on a qualitative methodology with interviews to key informants and direct observation carried out in the second half of 2023. The results highlight positive effects of tourism in boosting the economy and generating income, but questionable effects in the cultural and environmental spheres.
Costa Rican social welfare policy changed with the implementation of the “Sistema Nacional de Registro Único de Beneficiarios del Estado”, a system that not only reproduces the logic of targeting and uses Artificial Intelligence for population selection, but also impacts the work processes of professionals historically embedded in these socio-occupational spaces. Given this scenario, this article analyzes the impact of this system on the role of Social Work within welfare programs since 2017.
Chronic marijuana use has been linked to negative effects on executive functions, but there is uncertainty with recreational, sporadic, and non-dependent use. This article reports and analyzes the results of a systematic review of the evidence that has evaluated this issue specifically in young people. Only two studies that met the inclusion criteria were identified in the OVID, Embase and EBSCO databases. They showed that recreational sporadic cannabis use was associated with alterations in working memory and a reduction in the number of correct decisions in a psychometric test.
This reflection analyses the interconnections between human being and environment in El sue & ntilde;o de Emeno by Inongo-vi-Makom & egrave;, based on eco-fraternity, a perspective we explored in a previous publication published in 2023. While in the modern world the relationship between human being and nature is generally conflictual, it should be noted that this has not always been the case. The traditional values transmitted by the negro-African oral tradition can constitute an alternative white the aim of improving relations.
Costa Rican social welfare policy changed with the implementation of the "Sistema Nacional de Registro & Uacute;nico de Beneficiarios del Estado", a system that not only reproduces the logic of targeting and uses Artificial Intelligence for population selection, but also impacts the work processes of professionals historically embedded in these socio-occupational spaces. Given this scenario, this article analyzes the impact of this system on the role of Social Work within welfare programs since 2017.
The study scope is to analyze the incursion of women in the First Republic Power in Costa Rica from 1949 to 2022, from a gender perspective. This is a descriptive research, under the qualitative analysis approach, establishing from a gender approach as an epistemological framework. Data collection was documentary. It is concluded that the struggles against political discrimination have led to changes in legislation and greater participation and representation of women in elected positions such as deputies, but the road is not yet complete.
This article aims to demonstrate the psychometric consistency of the Academic Self-Concept Scale (EAA) and to highlight its relationship with academic engagement and the performance of university students in El Salvador. It is a quantitative, crosssectional, correlational study, with a stratified sampling by geographic subareas, with the participation of 506 students from a private university that covers the four zones of El Salvador during 2024. As part of the methodological design, the Academic Well-Being Scale (UWES-S) and an ad hoc questionnaire on the relevance given to teacher support were included in order to contrast the evaluated dimensions. The results indicated consistency and stability in the psychometric properties of the scales, as well as direct correlations and significant differences between dimensions of the instruments. It is concluded that academic self-concept directly influences student performance, since students' self-perceptions are related to their academic dedication or engagement. These social representations impact their notion of achievement.
The objective of this article is to analyze the impacts that the tourism boom has had on the Ometepe Island Biosphere Reserve and identify the challenges to promote sustainable ecotourism. The study is based on a qualitative methodology with interviews to key informants and direct observation carried out in the second half of 2023. The results highlight positive effects of tourism in boosting the economy and generating income, but questionable effects in the cultural and environmental spheres.
The objective of this study is to make visible and analyze the personal, academic and institutional experience of academic women from Mexico, pioneers of the academic feminist movement, promoters and participants of the first Autonomous Group of University Women GAMU and the first Center for Women's Studies CEM through of interviews and their narrative analysis. The results show the main achievements of GAMU and CEM: the generation of seminars, writings and collection of texts on topics related to violence against women, the beginning of complaints against harassing academics, the first march against violence in the university, as well as the fight for women's rights inside and outside the classrooms.
This article presents the results of anthropological research on the practices and symbolism of the wedding dress in Costa Rica between the years 2016 and 2023. The purpose is to analyze the meanings of the wedding dress for Costa Rican society; acquisition practices of female marriage trousseau and associated religious symbolism are studied. A brief historical review of the origin of the use of the trousseau is presented. Qualitative methodology and ethnographic method were used.
This article analyzes the perceptions of the Costa Rican population regarding the impact of expatriate residents on the processes of gentrification and touristification in the province of Guanacaste, Costa Rica. To this end, a quantitative methodology was employed, based on secondary data analysis from a survey conducted by the Instituto de Estudios Sociales en Poblaci & oacute;n of the Universidad Nacional (IDESPO-UNA) between July and August 2024. The main results indicate that most respondents acknowledge the presence of expatriates in the region, with a high concentration in Guanacaste. Furthermore, expatriates are perceived as contributing to the increase in property values and the overall cost of living. Finally, there is a significant public demand for the implementation of regulations aimed at mitigating these socioeconomic effects.
The text presents a literature review on burnout syndrome in teachers as a manifestation of chronic stress, particularly in the context of virtual education during the COVID-19 pandemic. To this end, an exploratory study was conducted through a review of current scientific literature. Burnout was characterized in terms of its main symptoms-physical and emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment-as well as the risk factors associated with the new demands of the educational environment. Furthermore, the effects of the forced virtualization of teaching were examined, along with prevention strategies and resilience factors. The findings highlight the importance of implementing effective institutional support and stress management measures to mitigate the negative effects of burnout and strengthen teacher resilience as a mechanism for coping with adversity and promoting professional well-being.
