To determine the dynamics of dissemination of the different forms of enteric sporozoa in the groundwater of Mbankomo, a study was carried out from August 2018 to July 2019. The physico-chemical analyzes were carried out both in the field and in the hydrobiology and environment laboratory of the University of Yaoundé I. The observation of protozoan oocysts was carried out after application of the Ziehl-Neelsen staining. Physico-chemical analysis showed slightly acidic water (6.32 ± 0.43 UC), with high turbidity (31.30 ± 23.56 mg/l). Biological analysis indicated the presence of protozoan oocysts with an average density of 42 ± 69 oocysts/l of Cryptosporidium spp., 17 ± 34 oocysts/l of Cyclospora cayetanensis, 9 ± 19 oocysts/l of Isospora belli and 6 ± 11 oocysts/l of Sarcocystis spp. The highest concentrations of oocysts were recorded during the rainy season. Statistical tests showed a positive correlation between the densities of oocysts with suspended matters (P < 0.05).
A retrospective study was conducted at the Sfax hospitals between 2013 and 2014 to study the susceptibility to antibiotics of Haemophilus influenzae after the introduction of Hib vaccination in Tunisia. Capsular typing was done by PCR. MICs for β-lactams were determined by E-test®. The blaTEM, blaROB and ftsI genes were searched using PCR. Among the 259 strains of H. influenzae isolated, 248 (95.7%) were non-invasive. Five strains were encapsulated (3 type b and 2 type c). Resistance rates were 33.4% for ampicillin, 10.4% for amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, 2.3% for cefixime, 1.1% for cefotaxime and 1.9% for fluoroquinolones. Among the strains resistant to β-lactams, 67 produced β-lactamase type TEM and 40 had a modification of PLP3. This study shows the change in the epidemiology of H. influenzae induced by vaccination with a dramatic decrease of invasive infections. Replacement with other capsular types or with non-typable strains that may be resistant to antibiotics requires continuous surveillance for H. influenzae infections.
A retrospective research study was carried out by our team on Planorbarius metidjensis to highlight its epidemiological role as a potential host snail of Schistosoma haematobium in the Souss-Massa region. Contrary to the habitats colonized by Bulinus truncatus, the main host snail, those of P. metidjensis are located at the altitude of above 300 m. The best results of the experimental infections with S. haematobium were obtained using juvenile planorbids of 2 to 3 mm in diameter and a dose of five miracidia per snail. No snail naturally infected with the parasite was found when dissecting 3,457 adult bulinids and 2,470 adult planorbids. Despite the location of its habitats in altitude, P. metidjensis is a potential intermediate host of S. haematobium and it is important to follow these populations, as those of B. truncatus, in the future to avoid possible reoccurrence of indigenous cases of the disease.
There is not yet a vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infections 2 (SARSCoV-2) and no drug with proven clinical efficacy, although several candidates could be effective in prevention or treatment. It is encouraging that the response of the research community to the 2019 coronavirus pandemic (Covid-19) has been strong. A review of clinical trial registries, as of March 24, 2020, identified 536 relevant clinical trials already registered. Of the 332 clinical trials linked to Covid-19, 188 are open for recruitment and 146 trials will be soon. These clinical trials are located in the countries most affected by Covid-19 over the past two months, in particular China and South Korea, as high-income countries in Europe and North America prepare most of the next clinical trials. Very few trials are planned in Africa, South and Southeast Asia, and Central and South America. The number of confirmed Covid-19 cases reported in resource-constrained settings is still relatively low, but the availability of diagnostic tests there is also limited and the number of Covid-19 cases looks set to increase dramatically in the coming weeks. The capacity of precarious health systems to manage an outbreak of severe pneumonia is limited, and the low availability of appropriate personal protective equipment for frontline health workers means that these key staff are susceptible to massive infection with the disease. Covid-19. A disruption or complete shutdown of these health care systems would result in high direct and indirect mortality, as care for all diseases would be affected.
The number of papers regarding envenoming is increasing but they often miss information and presentation to assess the needs for proper management. The author suggests some criteria to make data more informative and makes recommendations to improve the presentation of the method and results used for the study, and build argued discussion.
This is a descriptive cross-sectional unicentric study, with a prospective collection of data on the frequency of chronic complications of sickle cell disease in patients monitored at Souro Sanou University Hospital in Bobo-Dioulasso in the department of medicine conducted from April 1, 2017 to July 31, 2018. Patients with confirmed adult sickle cell disease, at least 16 years of age, who had given oral consent, seen at least twice in the inter-critical period during the study, and who had performed a biological and / or radiological screening for chronic complications. Of 144 sickle cell patients seen, 79 met our inclusion criteria. The mean age of the patients was 28.8 ± 10.3 years with extremes of 16 and 63 years. Females predominated in 68% of cases (n = 54). Sickle cells were of SC phenotype in 68% of cases, SS in 24%, Sß + in 5% of cases and Sß0 in 3% of cases. The overall prevalence of complications was 54% (43/79), 68% (13/19) in SS individuals and 50% in SC individuals (27/54). The observed chronic complications were ocular, bony, renal, cardiac, cutaneous respectively in 19%, 13%, 6.3%, 5% and 4% of cases, biliary and neurological in 3% each, ENT and pulmonary in 1.3% each. The mean age of patients with at least one chronic complication was 30.9 ± 10.4 years; it was 32.1 ± 10.3 years old in the SC and 25.3 ± 7.8 years old in the SS. Complications were unique in 72%, double in 23% and triple in 5%. The prevalence of chronic complications of sickle cell disease is high in patients with major sickle cell syndrome. Systematic screening and evaluation of organ damage is required to interrupt or delay their evolution.
Analyse épidémiologique de la pandémie de Covid-19 et de la riposte en Afrique subsaharienne S. Fall OMS, 20, avenue
The number of papers regarding envenoming is increasing but they often miss information and presentation to assess the needs for proper management. The author suggests some criteria to make data more informative and makes recommendations to improve the presentation of the method and results used for the study, and build argued discussion.
With 2.9% of HIV prevalence in the general population, Côte d'Ivoire is one of the countries most affected by the HIV epidemic in West Africa. In this country, only 63% of people infected with HIV are aware of their status. A cross-sectional phone survey was conducted with a representative sample of 3,867 individuals to describe the practices and factors associated with a recent HIV testing (≤ 1 year) in Côte d'Ivoire. Data relative to the last done HIV test as well as the socio-demographic characteristics, sexual behavior, access to information, perceptions, capacities and autonomy as well as social and geographical environment of the participants were collected. Logistical regression models were used to identify the associated factors with a recent HIV test (≤ 1 year). Lack of information is one of the main barriers to HIV testing (only 60% of individuals know a place to get tested). For men, despite the fact that HIV testing is free of charge, poor economic conditions seem to be a barrier to testing. The social environment, including peer influence, also appears to have an effect on testing among men. For women, testing is associated with their perceptions of HIV exposure. There is a need to rethink the current HIV testing communication in Côte d'Ivoire and to identify economic or social incentives to remove access barriers to HIV testing.
Fondé en 1908 par Alphonse Laveran (prix Nobel de physiologie ou de médecine 1907), tout d’abord au service de la médecine coloniale puis des médecines nationales et internationales, le Bulletin de la Société de pathologie exotique est une référence internationale dans la recherche et la réflexion sur les maladies et la santé publique tropicales depuis plus d’un siècle. La communauté francophone mondiale des praticiens et des chercheurs, biologistes, médecins, vétérinaires, pharmaciens et spécialistes de sciences humaines qui travaillent sur les maladies tropicales s’est aujourd’hui considérablement diversifiée et élargie, notamment dans les pays tropicaux, de même que l’approche des problèmes sanitaires et de leur prise en charge. Plus large, confrontée à des stratégies préventives ou thérapeutiques et des problématiques de développement plus complexes, cette communauté manque d’accès aux publications de travaux scientifiques en langue française et, de ce fait, est souvent écartée des débats médicaux, scientifiques et sociétaux. Aujourd’hui, le Bulletin se transforme pour mieux servir l’approche intégrée, systémique et unifiée de la santé individuelle, publique, animale et environnementale dans les pays tropicaux : il devient entièrement numérique, sans support papier autre que les impressions réalisées individuellement. Il offrira une réponse cohérente et ouverte à la demande croissante de publications en ligne, rapides et libres d’accès. Refusant le principe de frais de publication à la charge des auteurs, il abandonne l’abonnement payant à la revue et opte pour un accès libre et gratuit. Ce numéro est donc le dernier imprimé et distribué par voie postale. La Société francophone de médecine tropicale et santé internationale (SFMTSI), nouveau nom de la Société de pathologie exotique (SPE), a fait le choix de remplacer le Bulletin de la SPE par une nouvelle revue appeléeMédecine tropicale et santé internationale (MTSI), toujours référencée sur les principaux moteurs de recherche d’articles scientifiques et génériques. Il fait suite au Bulletin de la Société de pathologie exotique et à Médecine et santé tropicales (ex-Médecine tropicale). MTSI sera composé de deux sections, le Bulletin et le Magazine, outre l’accès gratuit aux fonds documentaires (Bulletin de la Société de pathologie exotique 1908–2020, photos et vidéos, bibliothèque...). Le nouveau Bulletin est dirigé par le même comité de rédaction et un conseil scientifique élargi, notamment à l’international (https://societe-mtsi.fr/equipe/), dont les membres sont choisis en fonction de leurs compétences et de leur participation active à la lecture et à l’accompagnement des articles. Il continuera de publier des articles scientifiques soumis à des relecteurs compétents et didactiques, avec le même niveau d’exigence que celui du Bulletin de la Société de pathologie exotique. Il poursuivra ses objectifs scientifiques et pédagogiques en accompagnant la publication, voire la rédaction de travaux de chercheurs ou de cliniciens peu au fait des normes d’une publication scientifique de niveau international. En dehors de numéros spéciaux, les articles seront publiés au fur et à mesure de leur acceptation par le comité scientifique selon les mêmes rubriques que précédemment, susceptibles d’évolution : Anthropologie médicale ; Bactériologie ; Biologie clinique ; Chirurgie ; Clinique ; Économie de la santé ; Entomologie médicale ; Envenimations ; Épidémiologie ; Histoire de la médecine ; Lutte antivectorielle ; Médecine vétérinaire ; Mycologie ; Parasitologie ; Santé publique ; Statistiques hospitalières ; Thérapeutique ; Toxicologie ; Toxinologie ; Virologie. Ouvert à l’ensemble des personnels de santé humaine et animale, dans l’esprit pluridisciplinaire d’« Une seule santé » (one health), il publiera des revues thématiques, des travaux originaux, des cas cliniques, de courtes notes, des comptes rendus de congrès, des résumés de communications orales ou affichées, diaporamas des présentations. Dépassant le cadre des pathologies tropicales, le Bulletin s’intéressera à toutes les pathologies ou questions de santé, Le Comité de rédaction : · J.-P. Chippaux · A. Epelboin · P. Gazin · J. F. Pays · É. Pichard Société francophone de médecine tropicale et santé internationale (ancienne SPE) Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière Pavillon Laveran, 47-83 Bld de l’Hôpital F-75651 Paris cedex 13, France revue@societe-mtsi.fr Bull. Soc. Pathol. Exot. (2020) 113:249-250 DOI 10.3166/bspe-2021-0157
Diagnostic moléculaire du virus chikungunya : expérience d'un laboratoire privé de biologie moléculaire à Pointe-Noire L.M.C
