The COVID-19 pandemic generated new social norms, but individuals differed in their willingness to enforce them. While prior research has examined costs, altruism, and anger as drivers of social sanctions, this study examines norm enforcement in a public health crisis, where vulnerability and threat perception were at play. Using a survey of 3,758 individuals in Spain during the 2020 lockdown, this study distinguishes between active enforcement and support for enforcement. Findings show that enforcement is driven more by vulnerability and emotions than by values, except for the modest role played by altruism. Essential workers and those with previous health conditions were more likely to enforce norms, while ideology predicted support for enforcement but not actual enforcement. Contrary to prior research, sadness and fear emerged as relevant emotional predictors of social sanctions. These findings challenge existing models and highlight the need to consider emotions in shaping norm enforcement during crises.
El artículo explora la potencialidad de la psicología discursiva y la teoría argumentativa de la razón para comprender la estructuración de las representaciones sociales y para el análisis sociológico del discurso. Según estas teorías, el pensamiento se estructura para manejar nues-tras relaciones sociales, especialmente para justificar nuestras acciones y para vencer en las controversias. Por ello, se configura de forma argumentativa y retórica. Estas ideas abren nuevos objetos de investigación, como la relación entre tipos de posicionamientos ideológicos y formas de argumentación, o la relación entre los sociogramas las redes de conflicto y alianza y los ideogramas las configuraciones de argumentaciones y sus dinámicas. Asimismo, tienen consecuencias para el análisis sociológico del discurso. Este siempre ha de considerar todo el campo de argumentaciones puesto que todo argumento contesta a otros y tomar como objeto central de análisis las formas retóricas y argumentativas.
La incorporación de tecnología digital y algorítmica en las estrategias promocionales de las marcas de consumo está transformando profundamente el paradigma de gestión de las marcas. La alianza (conflictiva) entre marcas y plataformas plantea un nuevo contexto en el que las estrategias de la oferta tienden a basarse en las posibilidades de rastreo y archivo de los procesos de participación cocreativa de grandes cantidades de consumidores y usuarios. Ello supone una ampliación sin precedentes no solamente de las posibilidades comerciales y de comunicación de las marcas, sino del control que marcas y plataformas ejercen sobre los consumidores. En este trabajo analizamos desde una perspectiva sociológica el sentido e implicaciones de estas nuevas estrategias de la oferta. Concluimos planteando un nuevo papel para las marcas dentro del modelo de consumo de plataformas actual.
Trabajos empíricos previos han evidenciado la existencia de una paradójica tendencia de los indicadores de bienestar subjetivo respecto al género. Las mujeres presentan simultáneamente un mayor bienestar subjetivo y un menor bienestar emocional o hedónico. El presente trabajo busca tanto analizar esta paradoja para el caso de la sociedad española como avanzar en el estudio de los factores condicionantes (socioeconómicos, psicosociales y culturales). Tras definir los componentes de la paradoja y hacer un recorrido por las diversas propuestas explicativas, empleamos una encuesta específica para el caso español que nos permite evidenciar la presencia de la paradoja en la sociedad española y algunos de sus determinantes. El análisis de regresión apoya la existencia de patrones distintos entre hombres y mujeres asociados a roles de género. La paradoja presenta una relación con el contexto socioeconómico de la generación de bienestar.
Las innovaciones digitales han impulsado la eSalud, transformando la relación entre sistema sanitario y pacientes. Más allá de las mejoras asistenciales, la literatura destaca importantes beneficios organizativos. Sin embargo, persisten dudas sobre la equidad e inclusión que garantizan las TIC, especialmente ante riesgos como la exclusión digital. Mediante un Delphi a dos rondas con responsables de eSalud, se identificaron ventajas e inconvenientes, así como propuestas de mejora. Los beneficios más señalados son la eficiencia, la accesibilidad y el soporte a la toma de decisiones. No obstante, se advierten amenazas como la resistencia al cambio, la brecha digital, la deshumanización y la dependencia tecnológica. La visión de quienes implementan estas políticas valora positivamente su potencial transformador, pero subraya la necesidad de adoptar estrategias orientadas a mitigar desigualdades estructurales. Entre ellas, destacan la mejora de la capacitación, la usabilidad, la ciberseguridad y una planificación integral que garantice una digitalización inclusiva y eficaz.
Argentine migration presents a unique case in mobility and immobility studies. Capital inequalities require individuals to define their projects of permanence or migration in the context of mobility regimes. Following Bourdieu, we examined inequalities of opportunity in the distribution, revaluation, and depreciation of mobility capital(s) amongst Argentine migrants to Spain at particular historical moments in the past 20 years. We conducted 60 semi-structured interviews with Argentine migrants to Spain with experience of different types of (im)mobility. A multisite (and transnational) methodology allowed us to analyse participant discourses and experiences. The findings show that the (im)mobility of participants was not only economic; it was also contingent upon family circumstances and the possession and control of other forms of capital.
The datafication and technologization tendencies that affect our societies stimulate a debate as to the need to adapt our research strategies to the changing social landscape. This paper contributes to this debate by examining the potential of a multi-sited qualitative approach to analysing transnational family ties and by discussing possible future scenarios for the development of this field of research. We use a case study, in which a matched sample analysis methodology was used, to understand transnational practices of Colombian migrants in Spain. Drawing on this study, we illustrate and discuss the benefits and problems that have traditionally characterized multi-sited research. Special emphasis is put on practices that can be applied today to reduce research costs and the challenges of multi-sited studies. We argue that remote strategies can serve to complement and expand the existing range of methodological tools, while defending the potential and relevance of face-to-face contact and “thick” descriptions.
Theories of immigrant selection posit that immigrants’ pre-migration social standing may explain their children’s educational outcomes. However, this has only been tested in Nordic and Western European countries, where the children of immigrants perform especially well in education. Moreover, few studies investigate the impact of selection on different educational outcomes. Using the 2015 Italian survey ‘Integration of the Second Generation’, we investigate whether (a) immigrant parents are more educated than similar individuals in their countries of origin (positively selected); (b) selection is associated with children’s school grades, attitudes, and aspirations; (c) selection explains educational differences across immigrant groups. We find wide variation in educational selectivity between origin groups. In line with prior evidence, educational selectivity is associated with higher educational aspirations but not school grades, which may lock the second-generation into an “aspiration squeeze”, with ambitious goals but lower means to attain them.
This paper examines occupational status attainment and intergenerational occupational status transmission among 2,302 Surinamese men and women abroad (aged 25-64) as compared to their 14,310 brothers and sisters – nearest in age – who have remained in Suriname. The research is an example of an origins-of-migration design – in which a comparison is made between migrants and non-migrants in the country of origin –, extended with a sibling-design, that can control measured and unmeasured origin family effects. The data are assembled from five general population sample surveys, collected between 1992 and 2023. International migration has caused substantial upward intergenerational mobility among Surinamese abroad. For men, the strong upward mobility of migrants is entirely explained by educational selectivity, but not for women. Both men and women experience lower occupational returns on education abroad than in Suriname and this perverse effect of international migration is particularly sharp for women.
En los estudios sobre (in)movilidad, las migraciones argentinas se presentan como un caso singular. La desigualdad de capitales influye en los individuos para definir sus proyectos de permanencia o migración, lo que se superpone con la selectividad de este flujo en los regímenes de movilidad. Siguiendo las aportaciones de Bourdieu, analizamos la desigualdad de oportunidades en la migración. Para ello, indagamos la distribución, revalorización o depreciación de los capitales. En este artículo proponemos el análisis de 60 entrevistas semiestructuradas a migrantes de origen argentino hacia España que han experimentado diferentes tipos de (in)movilidad en los últimos 20 años. Se siguió una metodología multisituada, que nos permitió conocer los discursos y experiencias desde un enfoque transnacional. Los principales resultados muestran que la (in)movilidad de los argentinos entrevistados no se debe estrictamente a razones económicas, sino que está conectada con acontecimientos familiares y con la posesión y control de ciertos capitales.
In this paper we explore the relationship between positive selection on observable traits and unobservable traits among Romanian migrants in Spain and the United Kingdom. Using comparative data and a standardized index of job search intensity during unemployment, we show that although Romanian migrants in the UK are strongly positively selected on education, this does not necessarily translate into greater resilience or proactive labor market engagement, as measured by job search intensity. In contrast, migrants in Spain display the lowest levels of active job seeking, even lower than non-migrants in Romania. These findings challenge the common assumption in the literature that positive selection on observable traits automatically implies selection on unobservable traits and highlight the importance of considering destination context and structural factors in shaping labor market integration processes.
International migrants, especially those migrating for economic reasons, typically differ from non-migrant co-nationals in both observed (e.g., education) and unobserved characteristics (e.g., motivation). However, knowledge about such migrant selectivity, particularly from the Global South, remains limited. South America is a key region for studying this issue, as half of South American migrants live in another South American country, while the other half reside in Europe or the US. Using harmonized census data from IPUMS, we explore how migrant educational selectivity varies by origin and destination, and how it evolves over three decades (1990s–2010s). We show that South American migrants are selected in general but are more selected when moving to more distant or challenging locations, such as the US. At the same time, intraregional moves can also be highly selective, and at times resemble those directed toward Europe (where selectivity remains lower than to the US).
The innovation of this article lies in its analysis of a dimension of transnational care that has received little attention in the literature: the care of patrimonial assets. The study reveals how this type of care reorganizes the dynamics of (im)mobility in transnational households. The second innovative aspect of the study lies in its analysis of rural-rural migration, as studies on transnational families have generally focused on the analysis of rural-urban migration. The methodology used consists of multi-site fieldwork: a total of 16 biographical interviews were conducted with 20 people of Cuban origin residing in the municipality of Monterroso, located in the province of Lugo (Galicia, Spain), as well as with some of their relatives residing in the Cuban provinces of Camagüey, Sancti Spíritus, and Havana (Cuba). The conclusion drawn from this analysis highlights the need to explore patrimonial care in the transnational care space. This type of care reorganizes the dynamics of transnational households, even “reinventing” transnational families, and is embedded in the global care chain.
As migration and ethnic diversity become fundamental aspects of our societies, there is a need to expand the perspectives and methodologies used to study the drivers, the outcomes, and the experiences of migration. Migration is a multi-sited phenomenon in which both origin and destination(s) play a fundamental role. This perspective, though intuitively central to the understanding of migration, has not often been the focus of empirical sociological research. The proposal brings together seven original articles and seventeen migration scholars who uniquely adopt a broadly defined multi-sited approach in their work. The articles address diverse geographic contexts and apply both quantitative and qualitative methods to examine topics such as migrant selection, comparisons between migrants and non-migrants, and transnational networks. Together, they demonstrate the value of adopting multi-sited perspectives to capture the diversity and complexity of migration dynamics..
This work has as its aim to validate and evaluate an instrument designed to measure institutional resources offer of citizen participation on the municipal web pages of medium-and large-sized Valencian towns, assesing the extent to which those portals are endowed with resources, services, and channels for citizen participation. This initiative is undertaken through an analysis of web page contents and the previous evaluation of the measuring items by means of judges' criteria, for the purpose of obtaining a synthetic index that allows for adequately gauging the scope of development of participation on the websites of each municipality. The results, applied to the Valencian Autonomous Region, unveil a relatively low presence of e-participation possibilities in these towns, even though a number of variables, among which stands out population size or the municipal budget, permit to identify segments of municipalities with a higher development of participatory offer on web pages.
This article establishes a dialogue between the three latest works on the figure of Axel Honneth published in Spanish: Recuperar el Socialismo, by Jos & eacute; L. Moreno and Jos & eacute; M. Romero; La teor & iacute;a del reconocimiento de Axel Honneth, by Sergio, R. Clavero; and Axel Honneth y la lucha por el reconocimiento, by Cesar Ortega-Esquembre. Through an analysis and discussion of their content, together with an outline of how the German thinker has been received historically in Spain, the aim is to give the relevant relevance to what are so far the only monographs written in our country on Axel Honneth that do not involve a direct translation of his works.
Specialized literature has shown that even in situations as exceptional as those produced by a disaster of natural origin, people behave according to the social expectations imposed by traditional gender roles. In this article we have tried to elucidate the role of men and women affected by the earthquake in Lorca (Spain, 2011) in the search for, access to and organisation of temporary accommodation and the reconstruction of their houses. To this end, the discourse of four focus groups of people affected by the event was analysed. The results show that the actions taken by men and women are linked both to the availability of accommodation and to gender roles.
Fertility in Spain has declined in recent decades, being one of the lowest in Europe. The transition to the second birth is one of the most important processes to better understand this reduction. Based on data from the Survey of Living Conditions (2004-2020), this study analyzes the impact of women's and their partners' labor and socioeconomic characteristics on the decision to have a second child. The sample includes 4,058 women aged 18 to 45 who are in a couple and have one child. Results indicate that women's education and occupation individually and positively influence their reproductive decisions. From a couple's perspective, equal access to stable employment is decisive, while male economic superiority still prevails. The concentration of second births in unions with greater job security or where there is the possibility of continuity in childbearing conditions suggests the need to promote long-term policies that support work-life balance.
This article examines the role of algorithms in reshaping cultural hierarchies and taste formation in the digital age. It explores how digitalization has diminished the influence of traditional cultural intermediaries, shifting authority from critics and experts to platforms and algorithmic recommendation systems. Through an analysis of recent research, the article discusses the implications of algorithm-mediated cultural consumption, including taste fragmentation, extreme personalization, and the potential reconfiguration of cultural omnivorousness. Additionally, it addresses the relationship between algorithms, polarization, and the formation of cultural echo chambers. Finally, it suggests future research directions on the impact of artificial intelligence and digitalization on the sociology of culture and consumption.
Este trabajo pretende validar y ponderar un instrumento de medida de la presencia de oferta de recursos institucionales para la participación ciudadana en las páginas web municipales de los municipios valencianos de tamaño medio y grande, valorando hasta qué punto están dotados esos portales de recursos, servicios y canales para la participación ciudadana. Esto se acomete mediante un análisis del contenido de las páginas web y la previa valoración de los ítems de medición mediante criterio de jueces y juezas, obteniendo un índice sintético que permite dimensionar adecuadamente el alcance del desarrollo de la participación en las webs de cada uno de los municipios. Los resultados, aplicados a la Comunidad Valenciana, descubren una relativamente baja presencia de posibilidades de e-participación en estos municipios, aunque algunas variables, como el tamaño poblacional o el presupuesto municipal, permiten identificar segmentos de municipios con mayor desarrollo de la oferta participativa en sus portales.
