Clarifying the subject of risk bearing and sharing proportion of Public-Private Partnership(PPP)project in operational water conservancy scenic spots is fundamental to attracting social capital,fostering government-enterprise collaboration,and ensuring the healthy and sustainable development of such projects.Using the WSR methodology,this paper identifies 23 risks in PPP projects for operational water conservancy scenic spots based on the three dimensions of Wuli,Shili,and Renli.It establishes risk sharing principles and clarifies the responsible entities for each risk.For risks to be jointly borne by the government and enterprises,a stochastic cooperative game model is constructed,and the AHP-Shapley value method is used to calculate the Shapley value for risk sharing.A proportional risk sharing model between the government and enterprises for jointly borne risks in such projects is established.The feasibility of the model is verified using a case study of a PPP project in an operational water conservancy scenic spot in Jiangsu Province.The results indicate that risks and their responsible entities in PPP projects for operational water conservancy scenic spots can be systematically identified based on the dimensions of Wuli,Shili,and Renli,and the proportion of risks that should be shared between the government and enterprises is determined using the AHP-Shapley value method.
As a fundamental industry related to the national economy and people's livelihood,the water conservancy industry possesses both public and market attributes.The fulfillment of corporate social responsibility(CSR)by companies in this sector not only affects their sustainable development but also has a profound impact on water resource management,ecological protection,and social stability.Under the policy guidance of fully promoting ecological civilization and high-quality development,water conservancy enterprises face dual pressures of fulfilling corporate social responsibilities and improving operational performance.Using A-share listed companies in China's water conservancy corporatesector from 2010 to 2020 as a sample,this paper adopts a two-way fixed effects model to analyze the impact of CSR on corporate performance and the moderating effect of government intervention based on an unbalanced panel.Additionally,this study examines the heterogeneous effects of CSR on corporate performance by classifying enterprises according to ownership type and business type.The results show that companies with high CSR exhibit superior performance levels;government intervention has a moderating effect and can weaken the positive impact of CSR on corporate performance.The grouped results indicate significant heterogeneous effects of CSR on corporate performance.The positive driving effect of CSR on the performance of state-owned enterprises(SOEs)is significantly stronger than that of non-SOEs;compared with companies focusing on water resource protection and management,CSR in companies focusing on water industry development and application has a more significant positive impact on corporate performance.
Addressing the limitations of existing studies,which tend to focus on single realization models and lack systematic institutional analysis,while exhibiting insufficient participation of market actors,this paper develops an integrated analytical framework centered on market orientation.Based on clarifying the concept,typology,and multidimensional value connotations of water ecological products,the paper interprets their composite value structure from the perspectives of direct use value,indirect use value,and non-use value.This paper systematically outlines four fundamental models for realizing the value of water ecological products:water ecological restoration and value enhancement,water ecological rights trading,industrialized operation of water ecological products,and ecological compensation,and comparatively analyzes their operational logic and applicable conditions.Combining institutional supply and market practice,this paper identifies key constraints currently faced in China,including inadequate monitoring systems,non-standardized evaluation and accounting mechanisms,immature operational and development frameworks,imperfect compensation schemes,and insufficient property-right and regulatory guarantees.In response,it proposes a closed-loop institutional optimization pathway structured around"monitoring-accounting-development-compensation-guarantee",emphasizing the central role of market mechanisms,multi-actor collaboration,and coordinated institutional support.
The river chief system,as an institutional innovation in China's river and lake governance practices,still face the practical challenge of implementation failures during its operation.Based on an analysis of the manifestations of implementation failures at the grassroots level,this paper employs Smith's policy implementation process model to construct a flexible implementation logic analytical framework encompassing four dimensions:policy texts,implementing agencies,target groups,and task environments,aiming to explore the underlying causes of implementation failures in the grassroots river chief system.Findings indicate that implementation failures at the grassroots level result from the combined effects of highly ambiguous and conflict-ridden policy texts,implementing agencies with limited authority and resources,target groups exhibiting low awareness and weak collaborative efforts,and an operational environment characterized by intense tasks and high pressure.Remedial measures should focus on standardizing enforcement practices,strengthening organizational foundations,mobilizing social forces,and alleviating implementation burdens,thereby ensuring the effective operation of the river chief system and enhancing its policy efficacy.
Water ecological civilization serves as the foundation for ecological civilization.Studying the key influencing factors and the patterns of spatiotemporal heterogeneity in the development of water ecological civilization is crucial for the Huaihe River Eco-economic Belt to become a demonstration zone for ecological civilization construction within the river basins.Based on panel data from 25 prefecture-level cities in the Huaihe River Eco-economic Belt from 2006 to 2020,this paper utilizes a comprehensive evaluation model to measure the development level and spatiotemporal evolution of water ecological civilization.It further employs the GTWR model to explore the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of its influencing factors.The results show that the Huaihe River Eco-economic Belt exhibits significant non-stationarity in the temporal evolution of water ecological civilization,with the coexistence of spatial path lock-in and transition.The influencing factors demonstrate notable spatiotemporal heterogeneity.Specifically,economic growth generally has a positive effect,decreasing from east to west.Industrialization exhibits an overall negative effect,increasing from northwest to southeast.Population density generally has a negative impact,with intensity varying as downstream、upstream、midstream.Opening-up has both positive and negative effects,with positive effects concentrated in the upstream and negative effects focused on the midstream and downstream,where the intensity of impact in the downstream is higher than that in the upstream.Urbanization has dual impacts,with positive effects centered in the midstream and negative effects mainly in the downstream and upstream,with the downstream exhibiting stronger impact intensity than the upstream.Regions should adopt differentiated strategies based on their actual conditions to enhance the development level of water ecological civilization.
Conventional linear innovation research methods are difficult to adapt to the complex problems faced by major water conservancy projects in technological R&D and management practices.Therefore,researching the innovation performance of major water conservancy projects has important theoretical significance and practical value for promoting the high-quality development of the water conservancy industry.Based on grounded theory,this paper systematically identifies the influencing factors of the innovation performance of major water conservancy projects and constructs a system dynamics model using the system dynamics method,thereby exploring the enhancement effect of key factors on the innovation performance of major water conservancy projects.The research results show that the project innovation performance is comprehensively influenced by three factors:technology,organization and environment;knowledge management has a significant enhancing effect on the innovation outcome and R&D management throughout the project lifecycle;institutional innovation shows a slow but persistent impact feature in the simulation;after the policy dividends accumulate continuously,the industry ecosystem can significantly improve the project innovation performance.
Under the rigid constraint of water resources,China must rely on the large-scale application of water-saving technologies to achieve high-quality development.At present,the development of water-saving technologies is facing structural difficulties such as difficulties in internalizing positive externalities,insufficient market competitiveness,and lagging institutional adaptation.It is urgent to establish a modern legal guarantee mechanism for the development of water-saving technologies to resolve the contradiction between technological application and institutional constraints,thereby forming an endogenous driving effect for the development of water-saving technologies.Empowerment-oriented rule of law aims to build a governance framework for the development of water-saving technologies through legal empowerment,coordinating the relationships among institutions,subjects,and technology,aiming to solve the problems of static rigidity and dynamic adjustment failures of the legal system,insufficient endogenous driving force and adaptation barriers of water-saving technologies,and structural imbalance and improper allocation of rights and responsibilities in diversified governance.The results indicate that the new governance paradigm with the empowerment of the rule of law as its core should establish a flexible legislative mechanism at the institutional level,and solve the contradiction between positive externalities of technology and imbalanced economic benefits through water conservation priority,dynamic standards,and benefit-sharing rules.At the subject level,it is necessary to reconstruct the collaborative network among the government,enterprises,and society,clarify the boundaries of rights and responsibilities of all subjects,and strengthen the R&D transformation capacity and the public participation efficacy.At the technical level,it is necessary to leverage data element certification,intelligent risk warning,and dynamic transformation of standards to achieve precise governance and adaptive upgrading.The collaboration of the above three dimensions forms a systematic solution,providing legal guarantees for the deep integration of water-saving technologies into high-quality development.
The ecological water demand of transboundary rivers is of great significance for ensuring the healthy cycle of the river basin ecosystem.Based on the spatiotemporal development of international practices for ecological water demand guarantee in transboundary rivers,this paper analyzes the characteristics,experiences,and lessons from ecological water demand guarantee in transboundary river agreements,and explores the implications for China.The research results show that transboundary river water agreements often clearly stipulate the obligation of minimum ecological water demand guarantee,the strict responsibility of upstream riparian countries for ecological water demand guarantee,and the priority of ecological water demand in water rights allocation,etc.Given the problems in China's ecological water demand guarantee of transboundary rivers,such as the lack of relevant agreements,imbalances of interests,and weak basic systems,China needs to draw on international practical experience and lessons,and take improvement measures from perspectives of fulfilling the obligation of ecological water demand guarantee,exploring interest compensation mechanisms,establishing a systematic ecological water demand guarantee system,and signing water agreements containing ecological water demand guarantee clauses and giving them priority.
Optimizing the disaster resilience governance system of megacities is a key measure to address the increasingly severe risk of typhoon and rainstorm disasters at present.Taking Shanghai as a case study,this paper constructs a three-dimensional analytical framework of policy tools-themes-objectives,conducts systematic coding and multi-dimensional analysis of 23 policy texts,and analyzes the structural characteristics and resource allocation logic of the current resilience governance policies for typhoon and rainstorm disasters.The study finds that Shanghai has formed a policy model featuring government leadership,engineering priority and prevention orientation,which is reflected in the dominance of supply-side tools,the focus of resilience construction on infrastructure and management systems,and the inclination of policy attention to the pre-disaster stage.This model adapts to the governance needs of megacities and possesses strong shock resistance under conventional disasters.From the perspective of the advanced requirements of whole-cycle systematic resilience governance,the model still has room for phased optimization:there is a path dependence on government leadership in the tool dimension,the refined construction of social and economic soft resilience still has room for deepening in the theme dimension,and the post-disaster recovery,experience transformation efficiency and regular improvement mechanism still need to be improved in the process dimension.Based on these findings,it is proposed to optimize the combination of policy tools,balance the structure of resilience construction,and strengthen full-cycle governance.
As an important institutional innovation in modern environmental rule of law,marine environmental public interest litigation undertakes the core mission of safeguarding the public interest of marine ecology and balancing the governance efficacy of multiple actors.In the context of ecological civilization construction,the fluidity,complexity,and systemic characteristics of the marine ecological environments pose severe challenges to conventional relief mechanisms.Confronting the operational dilemmas of multiple relief mechanisms and the practical challenges to relief effectiveness in marine environmental public interest litigation,it is imperative to adopt collaborative governance as the core conceptual framework,thereby constructing an integrated institutional optimization encompassing"preventive,substantive,and procedural"dimensions,including:enhancing the preventive function of administrative licensing,clarifying the boundaries of prosecutorial supervision intervention,and strengthening risk prevention and control;improving the marine ecological environment damage compensation system,clarifying the standards for determining ecological restoration responsibilities,and enhancing relief effectiveness;designing a hierarchical litigation priority system,innovating non-litigation connection mechanisms,and consolidating procedural safeguards.Therefore,the systematic protection of marine environmental public interests can be achieved,providing theoretical support for enhancing the modernization of environmental governance and advancing the development of marine ecological civilization.
Prefabricated buildings in water conservancy projects have significant potential in promoting sustainable development,but their complex supply chain structure and synergistic benefits have not yet been fully realized.Existing research primarily focuses on measuring collaborative benefits,lacking a systematic analysis of the driving mechanisms behind synergistic benefits.Based on the resource-based view and institutional theory,this study constructs a synergistic benefit driving model in supply chains from the perspectives of single effects and multi-configuration.Using 648 sample data,structural equation modeling(SEM)and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis(fsQCA)are used for empirical research.The results show that resource capacity,financial capacity,technological support,policy support,governance mechanisms,and collaborative culture all significantly promote synergistic benefits,with resource capacity and governance mechanisms playing the most prominent roles.Synergistic benefits arise from the combined effects of multiple factors,forming five typical paths:resource-dominant type,policy-governance driven type,finance-technology collaborative type,culture-technology supportive type,and all-factor balanced type.Therefore,improving synergistic benefits requires differentiated configuration management.Enterprises should select suitable paths based on their specific conditions,promote the deep integration of collaborative culture and technological support,strengthen the synergistic linkage between internal resource endowments and the external institutional environment,and maximize the overall value of the supply chain.
Based on the requirements of the Regulations on Ecological Protection Compensation and the current practice of the trans-basin horizontal ecological protection compensation system,the existing basin management model based on administrative divisions falts short of the needs of the holistic protection of ecosystems.Against this backdrop,the contractual governance model has gradually emerged as an alternative approach and a key implementation path.Contractual governance regards the construction of a self-enforcing mechanism for contracts as a tool to achieve specific policy objectives or conduct public utility management.Given the extensive practical needs,the establishment of the trans-basin horizontal ecological protection compensation system is constrained by such limitations as insufficient public participation,unclear definition,and limited scope of compensation subjects,inappropriate compensation standards,and a single compensation method,which restrict the effective functioning and efficient operation of the system.Therefore,the improvement of the trans-basin horizontal ecological protection compensation system should focus on incorporating the content of ecological compensation agreements into the scope of proactive disclosure in advance,ensuring the full participation of the public in the drafting and implementation stages of the agreements,appropriately incorporating basin stakeholders such as enterprises and residents into the compensation subjects,scientifically setting compensation standards,and exploring diversified compensation methods,thereby realizing the sustainable development in the trans-basin horizontal ecological protection compensation efforts.
Water economy,as an emerging economic form in the new era that underpins high-quality development and the construction of ecological civilization,faces effectiveness challenges in achieving system-wide coordination,notably between security and development and between government and market.These constraints have thus far limited its capacity to fully mobilize effective investment and to respond to the strategic imperative of expanding domestic demand.Drawing on the historical evolution of water development and utilization,water conservation and intensive use,and the realization of water-related value,this study develops an effectiveness-oriented conceptualization of a livelihood-oriented water economy for the new era,in which the"Two Mountains"theory serves as the value guide,waterbody space provides the spatial carrier,and new quality productive forces act as a key enabling driver.On the basis of a systematic review of relevant industrial classifications and current development conditions,effectiveness is defined as a dynamic capacity for maintaining balance across the coupled natural,social,and economic system.The study elucidates the theoretical foundations of high-quality development in water economy and effectiveness-coupling logic,and proposes a people-centeredphilosophy with holistic security and value creation as its two supporting wings,together with core propositions and policy recommendations for watereconomy development in the new era.By embedding effectiveness throughout the entire process of operationalizing the"Two Mountains"transformation within water economy in the new era,the theoretical system and research conclusions provide a theoretical foundation for advancing the high-quality development of China's water economy.
The civil river chiefs pepresent an important form of public participation in the management and protection of rivers and lakes with Chinese characteristics. They serve as an important supplement for the official river chiefs to carry out the work of the river and lake chief system, and play an active role in mobilizing public engagement in water governance and daily supervision of rivers and lakes. The rise of civil river chiefs stems from the people's demand for river and lake governance and their aspiration for a better living environment. Under the guidance of public participation theory, multivariate synergistic governance theory, citizens' participation ladder theory, and stakeholder theory, the civil river chief system has been continuously improved and the form of service has been continuously innovated. Obvious results have been achieved in promoting the official river chiefs' performance of their duties, strengthening the management and protection of rivers and lakes, and improving the outlook of rivers and lakes. In accordance with the requirements of modernization of the ecological environment management system and governance capacity, the deficiencies of civil river chiefs in standardized management, proactive participation awareness, incentive mechanism etc. are analyzed. Improvements are needed in promoting institutional development, fostering public participation awareness, providing professional technical support, diversifying funding sources, and constructing performance evaluation metrics, aiming to promote the transformation of civil river chiefs from u201Cknown and realu201D to u201Ccapable and effectiveu201D, thereby jointly constructing and sharing happy rivers and lakes.
Collaborative legislation for watershed governance constitutes an important rule-of-law approach to addressing the challenges of transboundary watershed governance,and the legislative practice in the Chishui River Basin provides a typical case.At present,the environmental management model organized around administrative divisions runs counter to the natural geographical attributes of river basins.The spatial effectiveness of local legislation cannot cover the entire basin,and the overall interests of the basin are difficult to be effectively safeguarded,which highlights the necessity of collaborative legislation for watershed governance.To achieve the goal of collaborative governance,collaborative legislation for watershed governance should focus on three core elements:collaborative mechanisms,collaborative matters,and the internal heterogeneity of the basin.However,a review of the collaborative legislation for watershed governance of the Chishui River Basin reveals several problems,including imperfect institutional design of collaborative legislation,a lack of unity and systematic arrangement of collaborative matters,and insufficient consideration of internal differences within the basin.Therefore,it is necessary to improve the ecological compensation mechanism and establish a collaborative assessment mechanism;strengthen the unified and systematic design of collaborative matters;and clarify different legislative priorities according to the internal heterogeneity of the basin.These measures aim to ensure incentive compatibility among collaborative actors,shared responsibilities,and benefit-sharing,thereby enhancing the effectiveness and stability of collaborative watershed governance.
As ecological civilization has been elevated to a national strategic goal,urban grassroots river governance faces the dual challenges of systemic transformation and capacity enhancement.This paper summarizes an innovative river governance model:"umbrella-style co-governance",a collaborative mechanism combining government leadership with social participation.Through structural,procedural,and technological coordination,participants form a governance system characterized by collaboration and coordination,flattened information flow,and closed-loop problem resolution,thereby improving response speed,resource allocation efficiency,and public participation.The findings indicate that the"umbrella-style co-governance"can help construct a collaborative governance structure characterized by complementary functions and operational autonomy,significantly enhancing end-level river and lake governance efficiency and implementation capacity.Through institutionalized social embeddedness,"umbrella-style co-governance"model promotes sustained multi-actor participation and strengthens ecological,social,and institutional outcomes.
To systematically explore the developmental trajectory and direction of China's ecological compensation in river basins,trace its evolution,clarify research themes,core challenges,and emerging hotspots within this field,and deeply elucidate the intrinsic logic of embedding ecological compensation in river basins within water ecological conservation practices in the new era,this study employs a combined approach of inductive analysis and bibliometric methods.Based on 711 core journal articles in CNKI from 2002 to 2024,this paper uses the CiteSpace software to conduct visual network analysis on annual publication volumes,highly cited literature,author groups,and keyword distributions within this field.Findings indicate that research articles on ecological compensation in river basins exhibit a distribution pattern characterized by initial rapid growth followed by fluctuating decline.Overall,the field boasts a substantial number of researchers,yet frequent shifts in research focus occur due to factors such as interdisciplinary development and changing policy demands,resulting in relatively short sustained attention to individual themes.In terms of research hotspots,academia primarily focuses on core issues including the coordination and systematization of compensation mechanisms,the scientific standardization and differentiation of compensation criteria,and the marketization and diversification of compensation models.
Shandong Province's water resource constraint is nearing its upper limit,posing the greatest obstacle to the integrated development of Shandong's three major economic zones.To promote coordinated regional resource and economic development and facilitate industrial synergy and integrated growth across the three economic zones,this paper constructs a comprehensive water resource constraint evaluation system based on panel data from 2006 to 2022 across Shandong's prefecture-level cities.The evaluation system integrates three criteria:resource ceilings,efficiency floors,and ecological thresholds.Employing a two-way fixed effects model and a mediating effect model,this paper empirically examines the impact mechanisms of water resource constraints on the industrial linkage from the novel perspective of water resource constraints.The results indicate that water resource constraints generally limit the industrial linkage of Shandong's three major economic zones,with this finding remaining valid after endogeneity and robustness tests.Mechanism analysis reveals that water resource constraints promote industrial linkage by facilitating virtual water trade across the three major economic zones and the Southern Shandong Economic Zone while suppressing such trade in the Jiaodong Economic Zone;They enhance green technological innovation to foster industrial linkage among the three economic zones;They optimize industrial structures to elevate industrial linkage across the three major economic zones,the Provincial Capital Economic Zone,and the Southern Shandong Economic Zone.
Promoting the transformation of the river chief system from being"nominal"to being"substantial"and"effective"indicates that strengthening the execution force of the river chief system has been put on the agenda.The execution force of the river chief system should be defined as the execution force of the central and its relevant departments or organizations for the responsibilities of provincial river chiefs and national river basin management agencies,as well as the execution force of the responsibilities of the higher-level river chiefs for the same level of relevant departments and the lower level river chiefs,and the execution ability,strength,and effectiveness of the river chief system.The river chief system itself and its execution subject,target group,execution resources,and execution environment are the main influencing factors of its execution effectiveness.Leveraging the advantages of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics,such as the leadership of the Party,the system of chief responsibility,the equal emphasis on rule of law and virtue,and the full process of people's democracy,is the fundamental strategy to strengthen the execution force of the river chief system.Enhancing the execution ability and strength of the river chief system is the basic strategy to strengthen the execution effectiveness of the river chief system.
New quality productive forces in water conservancy,as an important part of new quality productive forces,are important engines to promote the high-quality development of water conservancy,which can enhance the efficiency of water resources utilization and guarantee national water security.Based on panel data from 31 provincial-level administrative regions in China(excluding Hong Kong,Macao,and Taiwan)from 2012 to 2022,this paper constructs an evaluation index system for new quality productive forces in water conservancy.Additionally,it constructs a spatial correlation network using modified gravitational model,social network analysis,and quadratic assignment procedure,and explores its driving factors.The results show that the overall new quality productive forces in water conservancy in China show a significant upward trend,with the spatial pattern of"the strongest in the eastern region,the second in the center region,and relatively weaker in the western and northeastern regions"and"the stronger in the southern region and the weaker in the northern region".The correlation of the spatial correlation network has gone through the dynamic evolution process of"enhancement-stabilization-weakening-recovery".No provincial-level region is in isolation,and the difference distribution of nodes reflects the spatial preference of the flow of water resources.The economic development,scientific and technological development,human capital,environmental regulation and financial support have different effects on the spatial network of new quality productive forces in water conservancy.Therefore,it is necessary to further strengthen regional coordination and cooperation,optimize scientific and technological investment and innovation,improve policy support and develop the new quality productive forces in water conservancy according to local conditions.
