The present study aimed to assess the children needs for childcare at daycare centre of Allama Iqbal Open University Islamabad. Childcare is an important area for research as it directly affects the life of working women in an organization. The University has a daycare centre to facilitate those female employees having kids. It is situated in the main campus of the university. The mothers usually place their offspring in the daycare due to the need to work. The mothers visit daycare centre during duty hours and during break. The present study assessed the working conditions of the daycare centre and suggest some possible interventions for quality provisions and facilities at the daycare centre. It was a need assessment survey. The population of the study included mothers, daycare workers, ayas and members of the management committee of the daycare centre of AIOU. Data was collected through interview, checklists and observations of the care workers with children. It was a need assessment study. A checklist was used to record existing facilities at daycare. While, an interview was conducted regarding awareness, opinion and vision of the mothers and caregivers. Results indicated that the day care centre was equipped with necessary facilities. However, some of the facilities need to provided/upgraded. The study recommended active role of the parents in affairs of the daycare centre.
Positive psychology has strong implications for students’ success and holistic development in schools. The present study aimed to explore the mediating effect of creativity and the moderating effect of well-being on the relationship between student leadership and academic success at the secondary level. The research design of the present quantitative study was cross-sectional in nature. The sample of 811 secondary school students was selected using multi-stage and multi-method sampling techniques. The data were collected personally by face-to-face interaction using a self-developed questionnaire. Data were analysed with SPSS software (version 26) using simple linear regression, mediation, and moderation analysis by Hayes' Process macro. From analysis, we revealed that students’ leadership (β = .460, t[598] = 12.663, p < .001) and creativity (β = .460, t[598] = 12.663, p < .001) significantly contributes to their academic success. Students’ creativity (B = .560, SE = .035, t[809] = 16.128, p < .001, 95 % CI [.492, .628]) was found to be significant moderator for the relationship between leadership and academic success. It was further revealed that well-being (β = -.013, SE = .028, t[809] = -.480, p = .631) was not a statistically significant moderator for the relationship between leadership and academic success. Teachers were suggested to develop interventions based on the principles of positive psychology to influence various aspects of students’ academic success in schools. Future research was suggested to explore the role of cultural and environmental factors on the causal relationships among leadership, academic success, creativity, and well-being.
It has been widely observed that the role of leaders is paramount in developing the working environment within the organization, where ethics, working attitudes, and trust are key to running the organization efficiently. Building on this, the current research was planned to study the relationship between leaders’ ethical leadership, teachers’ working attitude and the mediating role of trust. Teachers were asked to report about their leaders’ (chairpersons/heads) ethical leadership. A quantitative survey was conducted by adopting descriptive research approach. Four public universities were scrutinized on a convenient basis. From these universities, 332 teachers were selected through a simple random sampling technique. Existing research tools were adopted to collect data. Data analyses were done using the statistical software SPSS to reach to certain findings. Two research hypotheses were presented to analyze the results. After calculating the descriptive statistics, simple linear regression and an independent sample t-test were applied to infer findings. The findings show that ethical leadership has a significant relationship with teachers’ working attitude and teachers' trust in their leaders. Our second research hypothesis was not accepted as we could not detect the difference in the opinion of male and female teachers in view of ethical leadership, teachers’ work attitude and trust. We also stressed the limitations and presented directions for future research.
The improvement of teacher’s instructions garnering more attention for the development of 21st-century skills. However, a key challenge in achieving the desired improvements is incorporating relevant strategies for promoting teacher professional development and a context-specific understanding of teaching practices. This paper focuses on the examination of the development of 21st-century skills among street-connected children in Pehli Kiran Schools. These are non-formal schools in slum areas of Islamabad. A quantitative approach followed by structured observation was used. The teachers and students of Pehli Kiran Schools were the research population. The study involved a sample of participants from two branches of Pehli Kiran Schools (PKS-5 and PKS-8). The sample included 10 teachers and 26 students. The two branches (PKS-5 and PKS-8) were chosen using a random sampling technique. All teachers and students in the 5th grade across both branches of schools were observed, employing a census sampling technique. The researchers used two checklists that were designed for observing and recording information in order to gather evidence for their study. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The instruction was found to be quite relevant to the development of character, citizenship, collaboration, creativity, critical thinking, and communication skills. However, these skills were well developed among street-connected children, except communication skills, which were developed at a moderate level. The study recommended that there should be language labs in these schools where students can practice for the development of communication skills. The use of multimedia, technology, videos, and audio recordings should be encouraged.
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by impaired social interaction, communication difficulties, and repetitive behaviors. This conceptual article aims to comprehensively explore the state of autism in Pakistan, encompassing its prevalence, diagnosis, cultural factors, challenges, and potential interventions. Drawing upon empirical research and scholarly literature, this article underscores the intricate landscape of autism in Pakistan and advocates for a more inclusive and supportive society for individuals with autism
The study aim was to assess teachers’ dispositions towards student assessment based on national standards. National Standards for teachers’ professional development were developed under the Federal Ministry of Education; Government of Pakistan in 2009. For this end, interviews with 32 teachers working in elementary schools were conducted. It was observed that most of the teachers have different valuable viewpoints regarding the process of student assessment. However, this study explored that mostly teachers were involved in administering the verbal assessment and on paper assessment, and practical tasks, i.e., debates, demonstrations, individual as well as group activities effectively. The study further also revealed that teachers gave the same attention to all students and showed nothing likes or dislikes during assessment. The rubrics and answer keys were prepared in advance by teachers to ensure the accuracy of the results. Besides this, student learning outcomes, fairness and objectivity in assessment, etc. were assessed to authenticate the quality of education in the region. The given study also added the recommendations.
Information technology has been deeply integrated in and widely applied to various fields of society, including education. The continuous informatization of higher education means that university teachers will face new challenges of information technology. The requirements for a teacher’s information literacy imply a higher ability to teach with the aid of information technology. The connotation of information literacy and the improvement of information technology ability of foreign language teachers in Chinese universities have been deeply explored. This article reviews the previous research of the information literacy of foreign language teachers in Chinese universities, points out the limitations of the research, and makes some suggestions for further study.
Punjab is assisting the nation in achieving Sustainable Development Goal 4: Quality Education by putting the Asia-Pacific ESD Teacher Competency Framework into practice. A comparison of Punjab's public and private universities that provide teacher education is another goal of this research, as is determining how many of the different elements of ESD have been covered in the courses that make up the B.Ed. honors program. Along with a content study of the latter, the integration of the three domains of the Asia-Pacific ESD Teacher Competency Framework into the curriculum has also been sought. Several Punjabi institutions, both public and private, have incorporated the SDG curriculum into their teacher preparation programs.
The English language is considered the most important part of education after seeing its importance in the curricula of many countries throughout the world. The thesis/dissertation investigates the impact of L2 motivational self-system on language learning achievements and proficiency level.Quantitative approach has been used to administrate the relationship between L2 motivational self-system and English language learning.Two public sector and two private sector schools of Lahore were the sample of the study. Close-ended questionnaires were used to administrate the study by collecting data from elementary school students in Lahore.The data was analyzed using SPSS software. The findings of the research showed a noteworthy difference between public and private sector students. The analysis revealed that male participants of the study are more motivated as compared to the female participants but overall, both male and female participants are highly indulged in motivation of English language learning.
The primary purpose of this research is to ascertain how students think about their adjustment in university and interpersonal relations. The study was statistically quantitative and a survey was used. A total of 300 students a public university was included in the sample and analysis. The research sample was selected at random. A total of 300 students were included in the sample. Questionnaire was used. Each quiz has a five-point Likert scale. The first section of the questionnaire covered basic demographic information. Expert review and preliminary testing of the instrument confirmed its validity and reliability in local context. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data. To get a sense of the distribution of students across a demographic variable, we used mean and standard deviation calculations from descriptive statistics. Independent sample t-tests and One-Way ANOVA (analysis of variance) of differences, and pearson r used for used for inferential statistics. The results showed that the mean scores of students’ adjustment in university is higher than interpersonal relations, as well as there was no significant relation was existed on the basis of this study between interpersonal relations and adjustment in university.
Leadership attributes have integral contribution for the development of teachers’ job performance through motivation. The main objective of this research was to determine the effect of leadership attributes and work motivation on job performance. The study was quantitative based on correlational research design. The population was public secondary school teachers from Lahore while 274 participants were selected as sample through simple random sampling technique for this research. For data collection standardized instruments were administered through survey method. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to analyze the collected data according to the hypothesis of this research. The findings of the study indicated that there was moderate relationship of leadership attributes and work motivation with job performance of secondary school teachers. Moreover, it was revealed that leadership attributes and work motivation had significant effect on job performance. Furthermore, leadership attributes had more significant correlation and effect on job performance than work motivation. This study is beneficial for the heads, management staff and academicians to adopt innovative techniques and strategies for the enhancement of teaching-learning process.
The study titled as “exploring the effects of parental socioeconomic status on educational attainment of special needs students at university level”. This study was completed by using Survey research method. The main objective of this research was to explain socio-economic status of parents and its effects on the educational attainment of special needs students. In this research questionnaire was used as a tool of data collection. Research tool for collection of data was created by using Likert scale. The data regarding all special students in the Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahauddin Zakriya University Multan, and University of Sargodha as (universe of study) under study was taken from universities’ website. In this research researcher used convenient sampling technique for data collection. Findings of this study show that majority of respondents agreed that student of high socio economic class get better facilities as compare to low class students.
It is a fact that learning L2 or FL is a difficult task and plenty of students may lack the necessary motivation to learn English. This study was intended to explore the factors affecting students’ motivation toward English language learning. This research study endeavors to identify the ways to ignite students’ motivation toward English language learning. Utilizing a cross-sectional survey, a questionnaire based on motivational factors such as parental factors, classroom factors, anxiety, teachers’ attitude, student’s interest, teachers’ feedback, peer support, desire to learn English, and social motivation was adopted to solicit the data. 300 secondary students randomly selected from 30 high schools participated. 297 questionnaires comprising 147 male and 150 female students were received and analyzed using SPSS. Inferential analysis showed that with some degree of variation, all factors were influencing students’ motivation to learn the English language. It was suggested that students might involve parents, collaborate with friends, use visual aids, build confidence, seek positive feedback, cultivate interest, focus on comprehensive learning, and understand the social relevance of learning English. Teachers might encourage parental involvement, create a supportive and engaging classroom environment, provide specific positive feedback, and encourage healthy competition.
Today's world sees leadership ideas used effectively in most organizations. The researcher wanted to investigate how school leaders' transformational methods affect teachers' self-efficacy sampled 160 secondary school teachers from Karachi's Federal Government Educational Institutions.Descriptive-correlational quantitative survey research. The Multifactor – Leadership Questionnaire by Bass and Avolio and the Teacher's Self-Efficacy Scale 1 (long form) by Megan Tschanmen-Moran and Mary Anita Woolfolk Hoy were adapted. SPSS was used for data analysis and treatment. A regression research found that all eleven institutional principle leadership styles affect teacher efforts with zero coefficients and further showed that two number variables had B-coefficient values of 0.06 (contingent reward) and 0.07 (effectiveness), with related probability not exactly at 0.05.Teachers' self-efficacy is anticipated to rise 0.06 and 0.07 points due to dependent awards and effectiveness. The study recommended that school principals maintain their leadership styles ranking and that more school advancements and reforms be enthusiastically recommended.
The aim of this article was to explore the Gender disparities in the impact of Teachers’ Psychological abuse on students’ mental health is considered a key to success and failure in every educational institute. So, every college need to be overcome the impact of teachers’ psychological abuse. It is obvious that mental health is essential to overall health. It is a necessary component of a person's ability to live a happy and meaningful life. Psychological abuse is a type of child maltreatment that can seriously affect a child's mental health. This study was descriptive as well as inferential in nature and categorized survey technique. The questionnaire was used to collect data from participants. The population of this research was students of Public Higher secondary institutes. Sample of this study was 800 students’ male (394) and female (406) female from five Public Higher Secondary institutes. The research scale was developed by the researcher in the light of literature review, peer review, discussion of the supervisor and consultation with subject matter experts. The pilot study was contained 80 students and revealed that the participants did not face any major problem about comprehension of the scale. In the current study the data was utilized of descriptive measures using SPPS version 26 to determine the Descriptive statistics, t-test, least significant Difference (LSD), ANOVA, Regression and Correlations. So, the results are statistically significant. Researchers conclude that the Gender disparities in the impact of Teachers’ Psychological abuse on students’ mental health is significant.
Transformational leadership has gained significant scholarly and professional attention. The aim of this study was to understand how transformational leadership and working environment of school principals are related. The population of this study were the high school teachers of the province of Punjab, Pakistan. The sample included 401 teachers from different high schools in the district of Lahore. The sample was selected using convenience sampling technique through personal visits. In order to analyze data, SPSS version 26 was utilized. The results revealed that the relationship between the two variables was positively significant and the effect of transformational leadership on working environment of school is significant and positive. This study contributes to the policy making and decision making by allowing principals to understand the significance of transformational leadership model and implementing it effectively in professional development and training.
In modern era, it has been realized that performance of the employees has great contribution for the growth of theeducation institutions. The major objective of this research was to find out the effect of heads’ leadership styles andwork engagement on job performance. The population of this research was public secondary school teacherswhereas, 271 respondents were selected as sample through simple random sampling technique. For this study,standardized questionnaires were administered to collected the primary data through survey method. StatisticalPackage for Social Sciences (SPSS) was computed to analyze the objectives of this study. The findings of this studyrevealed that there was a moderate correlation of leadership styles and work engagement on job performancewhereas, there was also a moderate effect of leadership styles and work engagement on job performance. This studyis considered as stepping stone for the adaptation of the best leadership style according to the situation throughupdated strategies and techniques.
Global economic integration and the ongoing advancement of information technology have brought about rapid and profound transformations in Chinese society. The growing population of postmodernist university students in China is one of the most important factors advancing societal progress. The thesis of the current study is that educators at Chinese universities should exercise transformational and participative leadership to assist their students in succeeding in life. The contribution of the current study lies in not only introducing both the theories of postmodernism and Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs to the realm of higher education management in China but also adding to higher education’s theories of social psychology and offering a practical approach to leadership for higher education in China.
Leadership plays a vital role for the development of performance of teachers through motivation. The majorobjective of this research was to find out the impact of transformational leadership and motivational factors on jobperformance. The population of this study was secondary school teachers in Lahore. The population of this researchwas public secondary school teachers whereas, 289 respondents were selected as sample which was selectedthrough simple random sampling technique. For this study, standardized questionnaires were administered tocollected the primary data through survey method. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was computed toanalyze the objectives of this study. The findings of this study revealed that transformational leadership andmotivational factors had moderate correlation with job performance and have moderate effect on job performance.Moreover, transformational leadership had more significant effect on job performance as compare to motivationalfactors. This research is considered as stepping stone for the adaptation of supportive leadership style according tothe situation through updated strategies and techniques.
The fact cannot be denied that leadership has an impact in enhancing the job performance of teachers through engagement. This research aims to find the effect of head’s leadership qualities and work engagement of secondary school teachers regarding work performance. The population for this study secondary school teachers from public sector of Lahore. Simple random sampling technique was employed and 271 teachers were selected as sample for this study. Survey research method based on an adopted questionnaire was employed for collecting data from the participants. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) has been used to process and assess the data by common techniques i.e., descriptive and inferential modes of statistics. The findings of this study revealed that leadership attributes and work engagement had moderate correlation with job performance and have moderate effect on job performance. Moreover, leadership attributes had mode significant effect on job performance as compare to work engagement. This research is considered as stepping stone for the adaptation of the best leadership style according to the situation through updated strategies and techniques.
