当前,科学技术在国家安全体系中的战略地位显著提升,科技发展与安全已从国家安全的间接因素上升为国家安全体系的基本构成领域之一."9·11"恐怖袭击事件推动美国调整安全战略并成立国土安全部专门负责国内安全、应急事务处置及防止恐怖活动.首先概述美国近期国土安全科学与技术战略,然后基于这一使命定位,以美国国土安全部科学技术局及其下设的国土安全先进研究计划署为例,对其组织结构、运营管理模式、立项管理流程、绩效评估模式和成果转化等管理创新进行了总结和分析.作为国土安全技术领域科技计划的项目管理机构,美国国土安全部科学技术局引入矩阵式管理结构并调整下属部门职权以提高沟通和决策效率,采用集成产品团队方法统筹协调确定研发计划优先级并据此选择资助方式和合作模式,同时采取主动的内外部项目管理监测和评估模式开展项目绩效评估,最终形成集研发、转化、服务、资本于一体的科技成果转化模式.基于美国国土安全部科学技术局项目管理创新的经验,提出进一步完善我国安全科技活动管理的对策建议.
在回顾战略科技人才内涵与外延特征的基础上,研究基于我国杰出科技人才的多维度数据,运用文本挖掘方法构建国家战略科技人才胜任力模型.研究提出,战略科技人才胜任力模型的一级指标包括专业知识素养、核心能力素质、国家民族意识和宏观战略思维4个维度,每个维度又包含若干二级指标.根据战略科技人才类属特征区分科学开拓者、科学战略家、产业科学家3个不同群体,并识别他们的共同和差异属性,进一步提出分类评价方法.因此,研究为新形势下的战略科技人才培育提供理论工具与政策支撑.
为研究和探析数据要素市场化的运营过程,将公共数据纳入经济运行系统和国家治理体系,聚焦于新型财政体系建设,从提升政府治理能力和社会协同发展能力的公共服务建设和公共数据价值挖掘视角入手,借鉴土地财政的管理方式以及制度设计机制,将参与主体、公共数据运营体系、实现路径等核心问题作为重点研究对象,讨论了数据财政的可行性框架,提出应重点强化数据财政体系的制度建设和技术支持,充分发挥各市场主体的特定功能以实现协同治理,进而推动数字化转型和数字经济的可持续发展.
美国创客运动在短时间内引领世界众创风潮,然而目前学界缺乏从科技创新视角对其价值与功用的探讨,为此,运用科技创新相关理论,系统分析美国创客运动的历史流变与功能演绎,揭示其蕴藏的价值潜能、解构其宣扬众创的国家隐喻,为中国大众创业万众创新(以下简称"双创")高质量发展提供参考启示.分析表明,美国创客运动历经车库DIY、黑客创新和"草根"创新 3 个发展阶段,蕴含封闭式创新到开放式创新再到全面众创的演化路径,开创了具有"草根"特色的创新范式;通过嵌入国家创新战略,构建开源生态重塑创新价值体系,拓展区域创新网络共生边界,赋能科学与工程劳动力开发,为国家创新生态系统打造创新民众引擎,已然超出全社会众创行动的范畴,更承载着推进国家创新战略的重要使命.借鉴美国创客运动的发展经验,可以从培植开源创新生态系统、加强众创空间建设、构建创新型人才培养体系等三方面加快中国"双创"高质量发展.
In recent years, although China has cracked down on the negative orientation of "paper only" in science and technology evaluation by issuing a series of policy documents, the accumulation of scientific research achievements in Chinese universities is still relatively weak. By analyzing and comparing the publication status of papers in journals such as Nature, Science, and Cell between 9 domestic universities such as Tsinghua University and 5 foreign universities such as Harvard University, as well as the international cooperation papers in China in the Web of Science database,it is believed that there is still a certain gap between China and developed countries in scientific research cooperation,in terms of international exchanges and cooperation, international conferences and seminars, international projects and topics, there are many problems, such as low frequency of cooperation, narrow scope of cooperation and weak cooperation platform. Based on the current situation of the development of "Double First-class" construction universities in China, and the development of domestic scientific and technological journals, it is proposed that Chinese universities should learn from and absorb the publishing models and experiences of international top journals to build high-quality scientific and technological journals, and create attractive academic platforms; at the same time, organized scientific research services should be carried out, international scientific and technological exchanges and cooperation should be increased, the openness of the innovation system should be ensured, and exploration of basic cutting-edge issues should be encouraged, and key core technology research should be strengthened.
In order to explore the policy effect of talent introduction policy on the development of urban hightech industry, to identify the mechanism of talent policy, and to enrich the existing research, this research is based on the panel data of 273 cities in China from 2010 to 2019, employing multi-period Difference-In-Difference（DID）approach to conduct the policy evaluation. Empirical results show as follows:（1）Urban talent introduction policy promotes the development of urban high-tech industry significantly, and this effect has been strengthened since the second year of the policy implementation.（2）In different regions and different city sizes, urban talent introduction policy may exert unlike impact on high-tech industry.（3）The levels of scientific and technological innovation and spending play an intermediary role in the relationship between the implementation of talent introduction policy and the development of urban high-tech industry.
高校大学生的成长成才对国家的建设和发展具有重要意义,对大学生进行正确引导和积极培养具有重要作用.大学生的思想价值观还未成型,学校是大学生价值观养成的重要场所和重要基地.学校对学生的教育必须建立在立德树人的教育观念上并注重对学生德智体美劳的全面培养.
大学英语课程是高等学校通识教育的重要组成部分.多年来,随着我国社会经济的发展和学情的变化,大学英语教学改革呼声不断,各种教学方法、理论层出不穷.北京外国语大学文秋芳教授及其团队一直致力于产出导向法理论研究和实践应用.
Based on the panel data of the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration from 2016 to 2020,starting from the innovation endowment and spillover endowment,and taking innovation input,innovation output,spillover environment,and spillover breadth as secondary indicators,an evaluation index system for the innovation spillover effect of the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration was constructed.The entropy weight TOPSIS method is used to measure the indicator weight,evaluate the innovation spillover level of each city,and then analyze its spatial-temporal evolution pattern.The results show that:innovation input and spillover breadth have an important impact on urban innovation spillovers;Shanghai,Nanjing,Suzhou,Hangzhou,and Hefei has significant innovation spillover effects,while Chuzhou,Anqing,Tongling,Xuancheng,Chizhou,and Yancheng have low levels of innovation spillovers;the overall innovation spillover level of the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration has been enhanced,showing the distribution characteristics of strong in the southeast,weak in the northwest,and multi-center.Finally,countermeasures are put forward to stimulate the spillover benefits of urban innovation and promote collaborative innovation in the Yangtze River Delta region.
随着大数据时代的到来,医院信息管理系统在医疗行业中的应用变得越来越重要.医院作为一个复杂的组织,需要处理大量的医疗数据,主要有病人病历、医疗影像、检验报告和医疗设备数据等,这些数据的管理和分析对于医院的运营效率、医疗质量和决策支持都起着至关重要的作用.在大数据背景下,医院信息管理系统的应用策略需要与时俱进,充分利用大数据技术和分析方法,提高医疗服务质量和效率.
This paper attempts to construct a patent-based research framework for digital intelligence and low-carbon industry innovation ecosystems.The framework uses patent information,an objective technological innovation resource,to identify the subject of digital intelligence innovation in the system,and to study the dynamic evolution and interaction of the system.The research found that Y02P(climate change mitigation technology in the production or processing of goods)and Y02E(reduction of greenhouse gas emissions,related to energy generation,transmission,and distribution)have always been hot patented technology fields in the digital intelligence low-carbon industry;China is the market with the largest number of digital intelligence low-carbon technology patents,and other important markets include the United States,South Korea,Japan,and the World Intellectual Property Organization;foreign digital intelligence low-carbon innovation subjects are mainly large enterprises,while in China they are mainly universities and scientific research institutions.Among them,the State Grid Corporation of China,China Electric Power Research Institute,and Zhejiang University are important digital intelligence low-carbon innovation subjects in this industry.Therefore,based on the conclusions,countermeasures and suggestions for enhancing the competitive advantage of China's digital intelligence and low-carbon industry are put forward.First,from the government level,the policy of industry-university-research cooperation for digital intelligence and low-carbon technology should be introduced,and a university-enterprise platform should be established to promote exchanges and cooperation.Second,from the industrial level,strengthen the cultivation of digital intelligence and low-carbon innovation subjects with enterprises as the core,and form an innovation consortium oriented to market demand.Third,from the level of innovation subjects,carry out the overseas patent layout of digital intelligence and low-carbon patents and tap technical opportunities in hot and cutting-edge technology fields.
This paper obtains literature data related to national laboratory research from CNKI database from 1980 to February 2023,and uses CiteSpace to make a quantitative analysis of the overall trend of literature data,composition of major research institutions and changes in research topics,etc.,and makes an in-depth interpretation based on the national and provincial policy background.The research results show that:(1)From the perspective of the overall trend,the development process and related research of China's national laboratories have obvious phased characteristics.(2)The research hotspots focus on three aspects:the latest outputs of national laboratories in developed countries and its application,the construction mode of national laboratories in developed countries and their experience enlightenment to China,the construction status of national laboratories and provincial laboratories and related countermeasures in China.(3)With the increasing importance of scientific and technological innovation in the overall development of China,the construction of national laboratories and related research will set off an upsurge across the country.In the next step of research,it is even more necessary to start from the perspective of serving the construction of national laboratories,and conduct in-depth discussions on the top-level design,system guarantee,and operating mechanism of laboratory construction.
Based on the analysis of the evolution characteristics of China's urban technology innovation network structure in 2011 and 2020,the"capacity-load"cascading failure model and the quadratic assignment procedure(QAP)were used to discuss the influence mechanism of network structural resilience from the dual perspectives of endogenous network structure and exogenous multidimensional proximity.The research results show that:(1)China's urban technology innovation network evolves towards the direction of tightness and resilience.(2)The structural resilience of innovation network is affected by the composite effect of endogenous structural parameters and exogenous multi-dimensional proximity mechanism.(3)Simulation results show that node anti-risk ability,node importance,network density,and network hierarchy are all positively correlated with network structural resilience.(4)QAP results show that innovation network edge resilience gets rid of geographical dependence,and innovation,industry,knowledge and economic proximity have a significant impact on it.
Based on a review of existing literature,by introducing typical cases of proof-of-concept centers in China,summarizes and discusses the structural design and underlying mechanisms of proof-of-concept activities.Additionally,in light of the inadequacies in China's proof-of-concept activities,including an imperfect technological achievement evaluation system,a less prominent role of government guidance,a scarcity of talent,and insufficient collaborative innovation capacity between academia and industry,countermeasures and suggestions are proposed from four aspects:policy framework,government support,talent cultivation,and demand orientation.
Through in-depth analysis of the value creation process of human-computer interaction in online labor platforms,this paper explores the changes in the value formation space of the benefits created by human creation and intelligent algorithms.Based on comparative static analysis and case studies,it is found that the intelligent agent algorithm system can assist humans to complete tasks through algorithmic logic,improve the individual performance of human workers,and promote workers to create more benefits;with the improvement of the competency level of the algorithm system,the total gain in the system is increasing,and the gain created by the algorithm system is increasing;however,there is an inflection point in the gain created by human laborers,which rises first and then falls.The research conclusions have certain reference significance for the online labor platform to adjust the value attributes and gain distribution strategies of intelligent agents in the process of human-computer interaction,so as to build a competitive advantage.
In order to guide the healthy development of algorithms and deal with the risk management and control of potential hazards of algorithms,the"wild geese array"model is proposed as a possibility of the algorithmic governance model.That is,relying on the spillover effects of scientific research organizations can not only break through the barriers between the market,government,and society at the level of algorithmic governance,but also form a corresponding configuration in the structure to meet the multi-dimensional dynamic needs of algorithmic governance.
历史文化学习既要有开放包容的宏观视野,把握世界历史发展大势,了解不同民族生存发展的基本文化特征,也要立足当地,关注区域历史文化特征与演化路径,加深学生对当地历史文化的了解.区域历史文化就发生在学生身边,对学生来说更具亲和力,对唤醒学生民族文化意识、改造思想文化理念、提升历史文化学习兴趣具有突出作用.
《电网企业内部审计实务》是2011年中国电力出版社出版的图书,宋志华主编,对于电网企业内部审计的实践工作提供了全面而细致的介绍.该书从内部审计的基本理论和基础知识人手,结合电网企业审计的实际情况,详细介绍了内部审计工作的方法和技巧,同时配以相应的实例和案例.
由巴拉兹·贝拉著,中国电影出版社出版的《电影美学》一书,通过电影艺术形式的发展过程及电影与其他艺术形式的联系探讨了电影的艺术本性,还论述了无声电影和有声电影的经验总结、功过是非、艺术特点等,至今仍然对研究电影美学和理论具有重要的启示和借鉴意义.
近年来,基于现代社会整体建设、发展情形不难看出,伴随大众对音乐剧的欣赏水平与能力不断提升,音乐剧受众群体年龄日渐趋于年轻化,且世界各国所拥有丰富音乐剧类目与资源,也为我国儿童音乐剧的发展,提供了坚实可靠的理论、资源依据.
