This study examined the relationships among leadership styles, quality of work life (QWL), and perceived job performance among registered nurses working in healthcare business process outsourcing (BPO) companies in Metro Manila. Using a descriptive–correlational design, data were gathered from 235 purposively selected Utilization Management nurses who completed validated instruments measuring leadership preferences, QWL, and job performance. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Kendall's tau correlation, and path analysis. Findings revealed that most participants were aged 30–39 years (65.5%), female (73.2%), and married (55.7%), with a slightly higher proportion of US-licensed nurses (53.2%) compared to Philippine Registered nurses (46.8%). The workforce was largely composed of early-career professionals, with 46.8% having less than one year of experience, and was predominantly engaged in work-from-home arrangements (97.0%), reflecting the continued shift toward remote healthcare delivery in BPO settings. Among the leadership styles assessed, democratic leadership was the most preferred (M = 4.45), followed by laissez-faire (M = 3.50) and authoritative leadership (M = 3.33). Democratic leadership showed significant positive associations with job performance (τ = 0.252, p < .001) and QWL (τ = 0.291, p < .001). Path analysis further confirmed that democratic leadership significantly predicted both job performance (β = 0.252, p < .001) and QWL (β = 0.291, p < .001), while QWL had a significant positive effect on job performance (β = 0.397, p < .001). Job performance was rated as fair overall, indicating areas for improvement despite generally favorable perceptions of leadership and QWL. Based on these findings, the study proposes the CARE Model Action Plan as a framework to strengthen participatory leadership, enhance work–life balance, and improve nurse performance in healthcare BPO settings. Keywords: Democratic leadership, Healthcare business process outsourcing, Job performance, Quality of work life, Registered nurses
The predominance of fast food and the alarming rates of obesity and other related illnesses brought by poor eating habits prompt consumer awareness in food selection. There is indeed a specific question of whether customers, as of today, are even aware of the foods they consume and which foods they consider healthy. The study therefore aims to investigate customers' perspectives on healthy food selection and raise awareness of the practice of beneficial consumption. It identified the demographic profile of participants' levels of knowledge about healthy food, motivations for healthy food selection, and, lastly, what effective healthy marketing campaigns can be as a means to assess customers' perspectives. A descriptive design is employed to present the overall results, comprising a group of 206 consumers aged 18-50 years, including both males and females. The data indicated that women were more likely than men to consider healthy eating. Data also imply a greater likelihood of proactively taking healthy initiatives, given emerging options for healthy eating and the ever-increasing awareness of wellness. Furthermore, consumers have come to understand that healthy food should be fresh and natural. Consequently, restaurants are inclined and recommended to increase such efforts to promote the concept by broadening their means of varied resources. The food service industry and its consumers can benefit from making informed food choices and raising awareness of the importance of functional eating. Keywords: healthy food options, nutrition, fast foods, obesity
This study investigated the perceived influence of accessibility, drink options, service quality, and price on consumer preferences and patronage intentions toward mobile bar services. It focused on the rapidly growing Meetings, Incentives, Conferences, and Exhibitions (MICE) industry, where mobile bars are becoming increasingly vital. By identifying key factors shaping consumer preferences, the study aimed at providing insights for developing more responsive and competitive mobile bar operations. Using a quantitative, descriptive-comparative design, data were collected from 200 participants via a structured survey questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, t-tests, and one-way ANOVA were employed for analysis. The findings revealed that service quality exerted the strongest perceived influence on consumer preferences for mobile bar services. Overall, participants rated all factors highly, indicating generally positive perceptions of mobile bar offerings. In addition, patronage intention was notably high, with the majority of participants expressing willingness to patronize mobile bar services. The results also indicated significant differences in consumer preferences across marital status, occupation, and income, suggesting that life circumstances and socioeconomic conditions play an important role in shaping consumer behavior and expectations. These findings highlight the importance of service reliability, affordability, and overall customer experience in guiding consumer decision-making. Mobile bar operators are, therefore, encouraged to adopt segmented marketing strategies, offering affordable and flexible packages for younger and budget-conscious consumers, while also providing premium, experience-oriented services for higher-income clients. Aligning service offerings with the specific preferences of different market segments can enhance customer satisfaction, strengthen loyalty, and provide a competitive advantage in the evolving event and hospitality industry. Keywords: mobile bar services, consumer preference, service quality, patronage intention, demographic factors
Drug addiction arises from intricate personal, social, and emotional challenges rather than from one specific decision. Comprehending how people cope with and recover from addiction is crucial for creating effective and adaptable interventions. This qualitative research examined the recovery journeys of drug addiction survivors in the Philippines, emphasizing routes to substance use and healing. A phenomenological approach was employed to conduct in-depth semi-structured interviews with ten survivors—seven males, two females, and one gay person—who had undergone rehabilitation. Participants were chosen using purposive sampling guided by specific inclusion criteria, which included lasting recovery (3–5 years or longer), successful completion of a rehabilitation program, residency in Negros Occidental, positive conduct during rehabilitation, no relapse incidents, and psychological preparedness. Data were examined utilizing Braun and Clarke’s (2022) six-step thematic analysis framework. Five fundamental themes surfaced: Anguish of Losing Control; Vulnerability of Searching for Meaning and Connection; Hitting Threshold and Sparking the Urge to Transform; Fear of Losing Family Ignites Deep Yearning for Change; and Regaining Autonomy, Peace, and Self-Direction. Findings indicate that substance use developed from overlapping emotional, physical, and social pressures, including grief, psychological distress, exhaustion, peer influence, and family conflict. Recovery extended beyond abstinence, involving identity reconstruction, improved coping strategies, and renewed purpose. Key turning points included self-awareness, family support, and spirituality. Sustained recovery was reinforced by social connections, faith, and personal agency, enabling reintegration into society. The study recommends strengthening rehabilitation programs, family engagement, and community-based psychosocial support. Keywords: Drug Addiction, Phenomenological, Resilience, Recovery Journey
This study investigated how Expressive Writing Therapy influences workrelated stress, job satisfaction, and both positive and negative emotions among senior high school teachers. Forty-five teachers volunteered and were matched on demographic characteristics before being randomly assigned to the experimental or control group. Participants completed the Work Stress Questionnaire (WSQ), Job Satisfaction Survey (JSS), and Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) at pretest and at a twoweek post-intervention. Data were analyzed using paired-samples t-tests for within-group comparisons and independent-samples t-tests for betweengroup posttest comparisons, with Cohen’s d used to estimate effect sizes. Within the experimental group, Expressive Writing Therapy was associated with a significant reduction in work-related stress (t(24) = 2.22, p = 0.036, d = 0.44), indicating a moderate effect. Positive Affect increased significantly from pretest to posttest (t(24) = 3.31, p = 0.003, d = 0.66), while Negative Affect significantly decreased (t(24) = 2.98, p = 0.007, d = 0.60), reflecting meaningful improvements in affective well-being. Although job satisfaction showed a slight increase following the intervention, the change did not reach statistical significance (t(24) = 1.60, p = 0.123, d = 0.32). The control group showed no significant pretest–posttest changes across all variables. Between-group comparisons of posttest scores revealed a significant difference in Positive Affect, favoring the experimental group (t(43) = 3.83, p < .001). Differences in negative affect, job satisfaction, and work-related stress were not statistically significant. Findings suggest that Expressive Writing Therapy is effective in enhancing teachers’ emotional well-being, particularly by increasing positive affect and reducing negative affect, while producing modest improvements in work-related stress. These results support the use of Expressive Writing Therapy as a cost-effective, accessible, and evidence-based psychological intervention that may promote emotional resilience and well-being among senior high school teachers in educational settings. Keywords: Emotional Well-Being, Expressive Writing Therapy, Job Satisfaction, Work-Related Stress, Teachers’ Resiliency
This article examines how China's diplomatic thought in the new era is communicated internationally through multilingual translation, institutional platforms, and global governance dialogue. Drawing on discourse power, constructivist norm diffusion, and multilingual communication studies, it argues that the international circulation of Chinese diplomatic concepts should be understood as a process of conceptual mediation rather than as a simple one-way publicity activity. The article analyzes four major communication pathways: multilingual state media, multilateral diplomatic forums, academic and think-tank channels, and South-South communication networks. It further reassesses critical Western interpretations of China's international communication by distinguishing between legitimate analytical criticism and politically loaded assumptions about state-sponsored communication. The article concludes that the effectiveness of China's international communication depends not only on the coherence of its diplomatic concepts, but also on their capacity to be translated, localized, and institutionally sustained across different linguistic and cultural contexts. Strategic multilingualism, therefore, is not merely a technical instrument of external communication; it is an important means through which China participates in global governance dialogue and contributes to a more inclusive international discourse.
With the transformation of the digital economy, enterprise positions in economics and finance increasingly require cross-disciplinary and integrated competencies. However, many university curriculum systems remain discipline-oriented, leading to a mismatch between talent cultivation and enterprise needs. Taking economics and finance as an example, this study analyzes the core competencies of typical enterprise positions and examines the current structure of related university curricula. Through a competency–curriculum mapping analysis, key gaps are identified, particularly in data literacy, practical application, and interdisciplinary integration. Based on these findings, the study proposes a competency-oriented pathway for cross-disciplinary curriculum integration, including modular course design and diversified teaching and evaluation mechanisms. The results provide practical insights for curriculum reform and talent cultivation in economics and finance education.
In the era of global digital transformation, the traditional higher education paradigm centered on knowledge transmission is facing an unprecedented paradigm shift, with the symbiosis between humans and artificial intelligence (Human-AI Symbiosis) becoming a new core orientation of educational development. This paper takes global higher education as the research context, constructs a theoretical framework centered on curriculum restructuring, proximity dynamics, and the rebirth of educational research, and systematically explores how curriculum restructuring in higher education breaks the constraints of the traditional knowledge transmission model, and how multi-dimensional proximity dynamics promotes the formation of Human-AI Symbiosis and drives the innovation of educational research paradigms. It analyzes the interactive mechanism of physical proximity, social proximity, cognitive proximity, and digital proximity in the process of higher education curriculum restructuring, and discusses the practical paths of educational research rebirth from five dimensions: AI integration in higher education, learner development and personalization, curriculum and educational content optimization, teacher role transformation, and educational governance and regulation. The research finds that curriculum restructuring is the core carrier of realizing the shift from knowledge transmission to Human-AI Symbiosis in global higher education; proximity dynamics provides a key driving force for the deep integration of AI and higher education, as well as the collaborative innovation of educational research; the organic combination of the two promotes educational research to move towards a new paradigm that is interdisciplinary, practice-oriented, intelligent, and humanistic. This study enriches the theoretical system of global higher education curriculum reform and educational research paradigm innovation, and provides a theoretical reference and practical guidance for the transformation and upgrading of higher education and educational research in the context of Human-AI Symbiosis.
Online ideological and political education in higher education institutions uses digital technologies and platforms to guide college students in establishing correct worldviews, outlooks on life, and values, with the mission of fostering virtue and nurturing talent. In the digital age, cyberspace has become college students’ main arena for study and daily life, making this education vital for consolidating the ideological frontline and enhancing educational effectiveness. To address new opportunities and challenges, we need to improve its guidance, appeal and reach through strengthening content, innovating methods, building a professional workforce and optimizing the governance system.
Ideological and political education courses are key to fulfilling the fundamental mission of fostering virtue through education, and teachers of these courses are the driving force behind their success. Today, the deep integration of digital technology with the teaching of ideological and political education has become an inevitable trend. Enhancing the digital literacy of teachers in this field holds significant strategic importance for promoting reform and innovation in these courses and strengthening the effectiveness of shaping students’ character and nurturing their development. Currently, the enhancement of digital literacy among teachers of ideological and political theory courses faces multiple challenges, including updating concepts, building capabilities, and establishing institutional safeguards. To address this, systematic efforts must be advanced across four dimensions: strengthening ideological guidance, establishing a training system, creating practical platforms, and improving evaluation mechanisms. This will comprehensively enhance teachers’ ability to leverage digital technology to empower teaching, thereby providing a solid talent foundation for the high-quality development of ideological and political theory courses in the new era.
Guided by the strategy of educational digital transformation, digital technology is profoundly reshaping the form of college English teaching and has become a core engine for addressing pain points such as "homogeneous teaching, insufficient personalization, and low efficiency" to achieve quality improvement and efficiency enhancement. Based on the digital transformation theory, OMO teaching theory, and constructivist learning theory, combined with the requirements of the Ministry of Education's educational digitalization policies and practical cases from multiple universities, this paper systematically analyzes the current characteristics and core bottlenecks of digitally empowered college English teaching. From four dimensions — teacher development, teaching models, resource ecology, and evaluation systems — it proposes systematic paths for quality improvement and efficiency enhancement, including hierarchical empowerment, integrated innovation, collaborative co-construction, and diversified reconstruction. This study aims to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for promoting the in-depth integration of digital technology and college English teaching and building a high-quality foreign language teaching system.
Against the dual backgrounds of the advancement of the"Healthy China"strategy and the deepening of education digital transformation, the traditional teaching mode of college gymnastics public physical education is faced with such problems as the lack of personalized guidance, insufficient teacher-student interaction and a single evaluation system. Based on the educational objectives of college physical education, this paper systematically discusses the technical support and practical paths for the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) technology and traditional teaching methods, and constructs an integration strategy covering teaching objectives, teaching content, teaching methods and teaching evaluation. By giving play to the advantages of AI technology in precise empowerment and the advantages of traditional teaching in systematization and humanism, this paper expects to promote the transformation of college gymnastics public physical education from single skill teaching to comprehensive literacy cultivation, and improve the quality and effectiveness of curriculum education.
Standard Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) encounter notable challenges in solving this equation numerically, such as inadequate approximation accuracy, considerable computational expense, and difficulties in loss function optimization. To mitigate these limitations, we propose introducing an auxiliary variable to decompose the fourth-order biharmonic equation into a coupled system of two second-order partial differential equations. By separately approximating the original solution and the intermediate variable, this approach effectively alleviates the numerical errors associated with computing high-order derivatives while also reducing computational overhead. Furthermore, we incorporate an adaptive loss weighting scheme to dynamically balance the contributions of the PDE various PDE loss terms during training, thereby addressing the issue of loss imbalance inherent in multi-constrained learning. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated through several numerical experiments.
In China, mother tongue education, specifically Chinese education, has long been a focal point for both the educational community and society at large. Traditional theories of Chinese education have predominantly focused on pedagogical methods and techniques, while the understanding and research regarding the essence of the discipline of "Chinese" require further refinement. This paper posits that the essence of Chinese is a mode of existence, enabling students to recognize the various possibilities of language itself, thereby revealing the diverse possibilities of social life. Furthermore, Chinese is a form of speech act — the act through which linguistic communication is realized. Therefore, the essential characteristics of Chinese are to demonstrate the various possibilities of linguistic communication knowledge and linguistic communication competence.
This paper explores the integration of Cross-Border E-Commerce (CBEC) and International Chinese Education (ICE) under an industry-education collaboration framework. Amid expanding global trade and digitalization, there is rising demand for professionals with e-commerce expertise and cross-cultural communication competence. Based on case studies and literature, it examines synergies between the two fields, proposes a collaborative education model, and provides theoretical foundations, practical paths, and case data. The paper also addresses challenges, offers strategic recommendations, and notes that a well-structured collaborative approach can resolve talent shortages, improve educational outcomes, and support the global expansion of Chinese culture and e-commerce.
Using literature review and case study methods, this paper examines the weak integration of psychological education in the training of government-funded normal students at Zhaoqing University. In view of current policies and the growing mental health needs of rural students, it argues that improving the psychological education competence of future rural teachers is urgent. The study identifies four major problems: a fragmented curriculum, disconnected teaching content, insufficient practice, and unclear evaluation. On this basis, it proposes a “three-dimensional, dual-oriented, multi-level” reform model and a three-step implementation path. The study aims to provide an operable framework for improving the training quality of government-funded normal students and the psychological education capacity of rural teachers.
With the in-depth advancement of the concept of "curriculum ideological and political" in colleges and universities, the integration of ideological and political education into Chinese-Japanese translation courses will help to enhance students' comprehensive literacy and cross-cultural understanding. Taking the course of "Japanese-Chinese Translation" as an example, the article analyzes in depth the necessity of integrating ideological and political thinking into Chinese-Japanese translation teaching, covering aspects such as improving students' ideological and political literacy and meeting translation teaching goals; and elaborates in detail the practice path, including innovative classroom design, cleverly integrating ideological and political elements into the teaching content. It carries out characteristic teaching activities to strengthen the practical ability of Chinese-Japanese translation, builds an evaluation and feedback mechanism to promote the improvement of the effect of ideological and political education, and provides a practical paradigm for the ideological and political construction of similar courses.
Under the background of the digital education strategy in education, the cultivation of artificial intelligence data-intelligence literacy among vocational college students is becoming increasingly urgent. At present, higher vocational English teaching is confronted with dual challenges. Project-based learning (PBL) has deficiencies in cultivating higher-order qualities, while students’ use of generative artificial intelligence shows the characteristics of high frequency and low quality, lacking criticality and ethics. To this end, this study has constructed an integrated path for systematically cultivating data-intelligence literacy in PBL of higher vocational English. This research not only refines the connotation and cultivation mechanism of artificial intelligence literacy in specific disciplinary contexts, expands the theoretical boundaries of PBL teaching, but also provides an operational integrated solution for front-line teaching.
This study explores higher-education teachers’ conceptions of educational technology, factors influencing its application, self-perceived competency, and views of training programs. Adopting systematic grounded theory, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 teachers at a Chinese university. Findings reveal that teachers view educational technology as supportive tools and instructional processes, guided by educational beliefs and driven by professional responsibility and social development. Four layers of influencing factors were identified: teacher-level factors, student-level factors, technology-level factors, and environmental-level factors. Teachers’ motivation for improvement comes from both internal professional responsibility and external institutional and peer pressure. They prefer practical, pedagogically integrated training with flexible, interactive, and classified delivery modes. This study provides a grounded framework to understand teachers’ real needs and offers implications for optimizing institutional support and training systems to promote deep integration of educational technology in higher education.
The rise of Generative Artificial Intelligence is reshaping the practice of poetry translation. Using Li Bai's "Invitation to Wine" as a case study, this research compares an English translation generated by ChatGPT with the classic version by Xu Yuanchong. Through close reading across the dimensions of structure, culture-loaded terms, and rhythm, the study finds that while LLMs can produce grammatically correct and semantically coherent translations proficiently, significant gaps remain compared to human artistry. ChatGPT's output tends to be prosaic in form, literal in handling cultural imagery, and deficient in conscious rhythmic design.
