With the data of administrative reform of prefecture-level cities in eight ethnic provincial regions from 1993to 2018,this study uses Sharp Regression Discontinuity（SRD）to analyze the effects of administrative reform on economic and welfare development.The findings show that the administrative reform in ethnic areas has a positive effect on economic development and people’s welfare,and this influence continues to increase over time.Compared with other regions,the administrative reform in ethnic areas has a better effect on the economy development.However,there is still a gap in its effect on people’s welfare.Ethnic areas should fully understand the value of administrative reform,stress technology empowerment and develop the modes of administrative reform that meet regional characteristics.
From the perspective of simple governance,the article constructs an analytical framework of governance system,governance capacity and governance efficiency,and discusses the policy of counterpart support for ethnic areas.At the level of governance system,counterpart support for ethnic areas is an important part of China’s governance system.Simplified governance is embedded in the policy design of counterpart support for ethnic areas,which is manifested in " concise policy positioning" and " intensive policy system".At the level of governance capacity and governance efficiency,the policy of counterpart support for ethnic areas by simple governance helps to give full play to governance capacity and improve governance efficiency.Among them,a concise policy orientation helps to coordinate differences and achieve low-cost governance;the intensive policy system is integrated to ensure high efficiency.The policy optimization of counterpart support for ethnic areas from the perspective of simple governance includes " managing complexity with simplicity" and insisting on counterpart support for ethnic areas; "simplifying complexity" and improving the policy of counterpart support for ethnic areas; "simplicity and sufficiency,simplicity and efficiency",and innovating the system and mechanism of counterpart support for ethnic areas.
由中国人类学民族学研究会主办、暨南大学承办的中国人类学民族学2021年年会,于2022年11月30日—12月1日在广州召开.本次年会以"认真学习贯彻党的二十大精神,在全面建设社会主义现代化过程中不断铸牢中华民族共同体意识"为主题.来自国家民委、中央统战部,中国社会科学院、北京大学、清华大学、中国人民大学、复旦大学、云南大学、中央民族大学、暨南大学等部门、高等院校和科研机构的500多名专家学者以线上方式参会.国家民委副主任、中国人类学民族学研究会常务副会长赵勇,中国人类学民族学研究会副会长何明、纳日碧力戈、赵旭东,暨南大学党委书记林如鹏、党委副书记兼铸牢中华民族共同体意识研究基地主任夏泉等出席开幕式.
在面临"夷狄"交侵的危机情势下,南宋士人视中原为被窃据的故土,认为那里的华夏文明遭受了严重破坏.宋元易代后迎来了和平局面,南北交通重新开放,南方士人带着对故土的挂念,前往中原旅行考察,既缓解了易代的焦虑,也逐步认可了元朝的正统地位.南方士人在中原的旅行考察,并非只是寄情山水的旅览活动,而是有着鲜明的舆地治学取向和现实关怀.他们通过对中原 自然山川与历史古迹的考察,追寻失落的华夏历史记忆,唤醒了内心的中原认同,再次确认了中原是华夏文明的起源地.可以说,共同的文化背景和历史记忆是南方和中原的精神纽带,在元朝统一的背景下,南北逐步重建起共同分享并认可的统一意识,对后世中国人的统一意识产生了深远影响.
The Chinese nation was formed historically and is inseparable from the geographical environment.Since the birth of the concept of "the Chinese nation" in the 20th century, Chinese scholars have made important contributions to understanding comprehensively this concept from the perspective of history and geography.This paper sorts out and discusses this idea and argues that the contribution of Chinese scholars in the20th century to the perfection of the concept of "the Chinese nation" is mainly manifested in three aspects from the perspective of history and geography:firstly,these scholars have avoided the trap of " China proper" by fully understanding " the Chinese nation" from a geographical perspective;secondly,these scholars have broken through the separation of the Great Wall and endowed the Chinese nation with a holistic geographical space;thirdly,The Historical Atlas of China has clarified the connection between " historical China" and " modern China" and provided a complete geographic basis for understanding the formation and development of the Chinese nation.Combining with the background of the times,this paper analyzes and discusses the three aspects above,and points out that the contributions of predecessors in the 20th century to perfecting the concept of "the Chinese nation" from the perspective of historical geography has fully demonstrated that nation and geography are inseparable,and that only through the combination of history,nation as well as geography together,can we gain a thorough understanding of the historical context and geographical basis of the Chinese nation.
The Hmong groups that migrated to the United States after the 1970s,under the influence of traditional culture,used two kinship groups,blood relatives and inlaws,to re-integrate the Hmong groups dispersed in various settlements.During the integration process,the Hmong American family model tends to transform into a nuclear family under the influence of multiple tensions, while also displaying some unique characteristics of its own.Traditional culture,modern education,and individual motivation,after sufficient adjustment and complementation,together constitute an important force in the adaptation of Hmong families to American society.
古代图像史料的挖掘和整理是历史学、民族学新兴的学术研究领域.美国哈佛燕京图书馆藏《滇苗图说》、台北傅斯年图书馆所藏《滇夷图说》是国内外影响较大的民族图册,近年不断被研究者关注和引用,这两种图册与中国国家博物馆藏《滇中百蛮图》有密切关系.本文考释了三种"夷人图"的绘制年代,绘制背景,发现它们均源自清初编绘的《百蛮图稿》,该图稿是清代最早的"夷人图",对认识云南众多"夷人图"的源流具有重要意义;本文还订正了《滇苗图说》《滇中百蛮图》图册装裱过程中图说错贴问题,为西南边疆民族历史文化研究提供了较为准确的古代民族图像信息.
两种年龄系指因社会成员的身份证生 日与实际生 日具有一定偏差,其身份证年龄和实际年龄不相符合的现象.在广西马山的一个壮族村落中,大多数村民拥有身份证年龄和实际年龄并不一致的两种年龄.村民两种年龄的产生,不能简单归结于村民个体有意篡改年龄,它既受到壮族传统时间观、年龄观的影响,也与国家户籍管理制度不完善、基层管理者工作不严谨及村民外出务工、求学、参军等需求有关.村民的两种年龄在不同时空条件下各自发挥作用:身份证年龄对外,在公共部门、官方要求的领域使用;实际年龄对内,在村落小传统中使用.广西马山壮族村落中的两种年龄个案,对于深入解读生命历程理论也具有一定的助益.
From the perspective of the urbanization of floating population of ethnic minorities,this paper analyzes in detail the influencing factors of the urbanization willingness of this group,which has strong practical significance for objectively understanding the embedded status of minority population in their settlement areas.Specifically,based on the national micro-survey data,this paper uses two variables,the willingness to stay and the willingness to settle,to characterize the willingness of ethnic minorities to citizenship,and uses the similarity principle to refer to region,The influences of various factors are studied on the basis of classifying different ethnic groups,including individual traits,floating features,employment characteristics,social integration and public services of communities.The results of the analysis show that:the floating population of ethnic minorities has higher urbanization willingness,but the internal differences are obvious;factors such as education level,household registration,marital status,income,mobility range,economic integration and social identity have significant effects on the urbanization willingness;public services have moderating effects on the urbanization willingness of the mobile population of ethnic minorities.Therefore,it is necessary to improve ethnic policies,contribute in employment and social services for mobile population of ethnic minorities in cities,and gradually build an inter-embedded social interaction structure in which all ethnic groups can integrate freely,which will promote the urbanization of mobile population of ethnic minorities.
"Biodiversity" as an academic concept originates from conservation biology.With the signing of the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity,the researchers of Western ecological anthropology began to attach importance to various theoretical and practical issues in global biodiversity conservation,and conducted in-depth studies on the in situconservation of biodiversity,sustainable use and benefit sharing of biodiversity,and the relationship between biodiversity and cultural diversity. A multidisciplinary research paradigm has been constructed.This research is not only consistent with the core content of the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity,but also maintains the discipline characteristics of ecological anthropology. As a new field of Western ecological anthropology,biodiversity research is of great significance to the development of ecological anthropology.
本文以几位非洲老一代人类学家的生平和影响为例,拟阐释的主要观点之一是,我国社会科学界亟须关注南部理论,并以此扩展我国社会科学研究的全球视野以及南南知识合作的空间.本文的主要观点之二是说对南部理论之了解当属中国海外民族志研究之必须,从中汲取的理论思想养分也是中国人类学参与发展世界人类学整体性的关键.本文所说的中国人类学是指我国社会学包括的社会人类学和我国民族学包括的文化人类学.
明朝时期的少数民族文化教育政策,尤其是西南少数民族人才选拔政策,以"华夷无间""因俗而治"为价值取向.本文梳理了明朝兴建学校,保证少数民族子弟入学,国子监优待招录和保证应举中举等少数民族人才选拔政策,指出其具有"教化"少数民族,稳定边疆和规范秩序,加速民族间的交融及增强国家认同等多重意义.
Strengthening national cohesion is the consensus direction and goal of nation building in modern states.However,different national conditions lead to differences in conceptions and practice paths.France advocates national unity,and believes that "individualization" and " citizenship building" are the only way to strengthen solidarity and identity.Therefore,the concept of solidarity is implemented in all social policies that benefit individual citizens and the refinement of those policies.Spain is trying to build within a unified nation both autonomy and solidarity between its nationalities and regions and fulfill the constitutional principle of " solidarity" by the mechanism of " Inter-territorial Compensation Fund".The UK believes that national cohesion should start from the "community" level and build up step by step.Therefore,its community policy is committed to the local level of cohesion.The construction of comprehensive national cohesion should include theoretically at least three aspects of solidarity:the solidarity among citizens（people）,the solidarity between regions and ethnic groups,and the solidarity between immigrants and local residents.In practice,it should also be carried out from these three dimensions without substitute for each other.
2022年5月21日,中国民族学学会2022年高层论坛"铸牢中华民族共同体意识的理论逻辑与实践进路"学术研讨会在武汉召开.本次会议由中国民族学学会主办、中南民族大学民族学与社会学学院承办.来自中国社会科学院、清华大学、中山大学、中央民族大学、云南大学、内蒙古师范大学、华中师范大学、贵州民族大学及中南民族大学等50余所高校和科研院所的600余名专家学者以及硕士、博士研究生参加了这次研讨会.本次研讨会深入探讨了新时代铸牢中华民族共同体意识的相关重要研究与前沿动态问题.与会的专家学者进行了深入的研讨和交流.中南民族大学民族学与社会学学院院长田敏教授主持开幕式,中国民族学学会副会长、中南民族大学副校长段超教授致欢迎辞,中国民族学学会会长、中国社会科学院民族学与人类学研究所所长、《民族研究》主编王延中研究员代表学会致开幕辞,阐述了会议召开的目的和意义,并对与会的专家学者和嘉宾表示热烈欢迎.王延中在致辞中强调"此次中国民族学学会高层论坛的召开,为加强铸牢中华民族共同体意识研究的交流学习提供了良好平台,具有积极的意义".
Religious beliefs are produced by human beings.As the kingdom of Khotan was well placed with convergence of western and eastern cultures,its religious beliefs changed frequently.After the introduction of Buddhism,monks there structured and utilized space in Buddhist ways so as to produce space with Buddhist connotations.Space in Khotan was produced in three ways.First,religious texts were used for the production of space.In earlier periods,the areas that had no administrative associations in Buddhist scriptures were given the label of Khotan.By the middle of Khotan history,passages about Khotan were added to Buddhist scriptures.In later periods,Buddhist prophetic texts and the history of Buddhist teachings both associated with Khotan were written.Second,geographical environments were applied for the production of space.The geographical environments familiar to local believers were all accurately represented,whereas those unfamiliar were ignored in the production of space.Third,historical memories were constructed for the production of space.The annals of Khotan history were to a great extent characterized by Buddhism.Monks merged Buddhism with the kingdom of Khotan by representing the presence of Buddhism in the space of Khotan so that they could promote Buddhism through the power of the emperor.Once the emperor intended to abolish Buddhism,monks would produce a space of Buddhist catastrophe as a warning and threaten the emperor with the ruin of the kingdom.It was actually a way for Buddhists to maximize their interests and tackle with crisis that the monks produced space to represent the presence of Buddhism in Khotan and imagine the extinction of Buddhism.
明代中后期川西北地区的军防系统改革,是理解地方社会权力格局和地缘意义的关键视角.十五世纪中后期,川西北地区的军防体制在文武关系、官员职级、官员职务、防务分配四个方面发生变化,地方"番"汉势力失衡,军士生计维艰,边区军防渐趋废弛.十六世纪前期,因为南下蒙古势力威胁蜀边,区域的地缘功能为之一变.明廷因之重整川西北防务,并于嘉、万年间发起系统性军事改革,通过加派高阶官员、整饬军防设施、提升军队战力等方式应对"番蒙合流"带来的军事威胁.明代中后期川西北地区的防御体系演变,在地方社会发展脉络中具有分水岭式的重要意义.
Myanmar’s ethnic conflicts have never ended since its independence in 1948and are called "the longest civil war in the world".The peace talks are not only the critical junctures that influence the direction of its ethnic conflicts,but also the manifestation of its ethnic conflicts.This paper analyzes Myanmar’s ethnic peace talks since its political transition from 2011to 2020through three elements of political semiotics:the demonstrative（the context of the event）,the performative（the speech act of the event）and the representational（the meaning generated by the event）.There are mainly three reasons contributing to the difficulty in advancing the peace talks:the space of peace talks limited by Nationwide Ceasefire Agreement;opposite federal claims between ethnic armed organizations and national defense forces;and the representational contradictions triggered between "Panglong Spirit" and " Three Main National Causes".
省际横向对口帮扶是中国脱贫攻坚实践中的重要创新.利用这一政策影响,基于中国民族地区473个县市2004-2016年观测数据,本文采用双重差分模型评估了中国民族地区省际扶贫政策中的政府财政支出乘数效应.研究发现:新疆受援地区县市政府整体支出乘数小于1,表明政府支出的综合效率有待提升.进一步研究表明,来自东中部支援方的财政帮扶和企业帮扶可以发挥更佳的乘数效应,并且相较于社会力量(企业)帮扶,政府财政资金的帮扶乘数效应更大(大于1).这意味着,省际扶贫政策发挥了积极成效.此外,还探讨了影响乘数效应的外部基础条件,发现地区初始禀赋条件是制约乘数效应的重要因素,因而政府应比市场主体更早介入帮扶活动,改善欠发达地区的基础条件,使其突破门槛限制.研究结果不仅为民族地区的扶贫成效提供了新证据,也为新发展阶段欠发达地区更有效地推进乡村振兴和实现共同富裕提供了可借鉴的实践启示和可能的路径优化方向.
As the concept of community is widely used in the fields of policy,academia,and daily life,this paper studies the ins and outs of classic Marxist writers’ thoughts on community and its characteristics.The characteristic of this paper is featured by three perspectives in cognition:from history to logic,from micro to macro,and from past to future.It sorts out the theoretical logic of classic Marxist writers’ thoughts on community,and expounds the thoughts in a holistic and systematic method.Different from contemporary thinkers,when they constructed their own theory of community,classic Marxist writers made historical discoveries around the analysis of the capitalist system and its historical evolution based on historical logic,and explored the capitalist community through the analysis of the social relations behind the relevant elements of the capitalist system,that is,the social relationship model.On this basis,those writers analyzed and described the future form of community,which is the focus of this paper to understand classic Marxist writers’ thoughts of community.Classic Marxist writers explained the community based on economic relations from the perspectives of history,reality and the future,which is a positive response to the profound changes unseen over the millennium.The main enlightenment of classic Marxist writers’ community theory is to continuously foster a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation in the process of Chinese-style modernization,and strive to build a community with a shared future for mankind in promoting the sustainable development of mankind.
Ecological anthropology is an important branch of anthropology,which focuses on the study of the relationship among humanity,culture and ecological environment.Based on the comparison between China and the West,this paper reviews the basic problems and academic development of ecological anthropology.There are similarities between Chinese ecological anthropology and Western ecological anthropology:the application and improvement of research methods are basically the same;both emphasize on the exploration,collation and research of traditional ecological knowledge（TEK）;both pay attention to global ecological and environmental issues.Meanwhile,due to the changes of the relationship between the research object and the world,there are obvious differences between Chinese ecological anthropology and Western ecological anthropology:in the early developing stage of this subject,theoretical and reality observation were different;in terms of the research paradigms of disciplines,the response and development direction are different;as for the origin of academic thought,the exploration and application tendencies are different. At present, China is in a significant period of advancing ecological conservation,and the research prospect of Chinese ecological anthropology enjoys promising prospects.
