John Fisk once classified communication studies into two camps: the “process school” that sees communication as the transmission of messages and the “semiotic school” that sees communication as the “production and exchange of meanings”, and the latter is the path that Fiske’s own research has always run through. In the context of today’s new media with information explosion and value loss, the significance of “meaning theory” is more prominent. Following Fiske’s idea of focusing on “meaning exchange”, combined with the history of the introduction of the term “communication” in China, this paper re-examines the basic concept of “communication”, and on this basis, sorts out the three levels of communication meaning realization the inherent logical relationship among “media, information and symbols”.
The American news industry is arguably run by its laws of news values and business logic.This paper aims to explore the principle of news objectivity in American commercial newspapers from a theoretical perspective of transaction costs. Previous studies on professional ideology have overlooked its origin that rooted in American commercial environment and developed along with commercial newspapers. This study indicates that the principle of objectivity is not only an editorial policy for commercial newspapers, but also a business strategy and governance mechanism, which reduces both the internal and external transaction costs of news production and improves the use of resources. Furthermore, news efficiency can increase the profit margin, and this is the core reason for the emergence and maintenance of the principle of news objectivity, but also an important reason for today’s challenges when information customization has been realized.
Among the major social media platforms, Twitter ranks at the top with its whopping 436million users and its 211 million monthly active users, and 48 million of these accounts are social bots. With the increase in the number of social bots on Twitter, the structure of interaction and social contagion subjects in social media has changed, so what kind of interaction characteristics do social media users present? What are the contagion strategies of social bots? What are the social contagion mechanisms of social bots? These are three questions that arise from the current engagement of social bots. Based on this, taking the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games as an example, we use Python to crawl relevant tweets on Twitter, and through visual analysis of social bot accounts and tweets, we can find that social bots construct dynamic social network structures according to specific purposes and for different types of contagion, to achieve their information diffusion and social contagion.
本文采用自动化内容分析方法,对2022年全球新闻学研究的前沿成果进行了全面而细致的综述,尝试据此归纳新闻学学术发展当下的重点议题和演进方向.基于LDA主题模型,在对样本中723篇学术论文进行主题聚类和文本挖掘的基础上,本文发现:应对信息失序是引领当下全球新闻学研究的核心主题,新闻学研究的总体议程向本学科基本观念回归;在对批判理论资源的广泛吸纳中,新闻学研究呈现出更加鲜明的反思性和规范理论自觉,这为未来新闻学学术发展提供了基础动力;数字新闻学呈现出更精细的颗粒度和更丰富的话语层次,学界不断在知识生产和价值确信两个维度上探索对这一新范式进行体系化的有效路径.
俄乌冲突是深度伪造首次被全面运用于战争场景中,两条对俄乌双方最高领导人的深度伪造视频是标志性案例.分析发现,两条视频制造认知的罗生门效应特征显著,在发布时间点和主题上具有明显针对性,内容上相互博弈;在Twitter平台上,两条深度伪造引发了网民"真与假"的认知困惑并带来不同情绪,进而影响了网民对后续相关内容的判断;两条深度伪造视频得到较大范围的海外机构媒体关注,并表达了对深度伪造的忧虑与警惕.本文进一步分析了数字罗生门的含义,并提出了从信任角度予以探讨的思路.
保罗·莱文森的媒介进化论主要从感知维度对媒介发展演进规律进行了论述,认为媒介进化是一种人性化趋势模型,是一个更多复制前技术时代传播环境的过程.但若仅从感知维度的路径,媒介技术发展到XR(扩展现实)阶段就几乎已到达终点.媒介进化还需结合权力维度进行考察,人类传播史经过了从自然传播平权、中心化媒介集权到网络社会数字赋权的漫长历程,权力的回归与感知的平衡共同统一于人性化趋势之中.当前,Web3.0媒介的"去中心化"价值观和平权结构设想为媒介进化注入了新的驱动力,也为媒介进化论研究开启了新的视野.
The mediated governance of risk is a proposition that arises at the intersection of mediated society and risk society. This study incorporates the theory of mediatization into the vision of risk governance, considers the media as a core component within the governance system,and explains the connotations carried by the media as the subject of governance, the vehicle of governance, and the object of governance. Based on this, the study explores the internal logic of risk-mediated governance from the connotation and interaction of political logic, risk logic,and media logic, based on the relationship between mediatization, risk, and governance. The results of the interaction of the three logics determine the value orientation, realistic limits,resource allocation and constructive mechanisms in risk governance. Any scientific and effective risk management requires finding the intersection between the three logics and forming a risk management mechanism that is adapted to the mediated society.
The efficiency of public cultural services of county-level media convergence centers refers to the level and ability to provide public cultural services to the public with county-level media convergence centers as the main body and social forces participating together. In order to improve the quality and effect of public cultural services of county-level media convergence centers in Ningxia,To promote the efficiency of public cultural services, this paper conducts empirical research on three counties in Ningxia, constructs an efficiency evaluation system of public cultural services of countylevel media convergence centers in Ningxia based on Analytic Hierarchy Process（AHP）, and makes a comprehensive empirical evaluation on the efficiency of public cultural services of media convergence centers in three counties in Ningxia. It is found that theimprovement of efficiency of public cultural services of county-level media convergence centers in Ningxia should be further enhanced the investment level and fund utilization rate of public cultural services;It is necessary to strengthen the service capacity building of the three major sectors of the county-level media convergence centers to enhance the effect of ability of public cultural services; We should expand the breadth and depth of public cultural services and promote the overall improvement of public cultural service efficiency.
区块链技术的发展催生了文化产业的新业态与新模式,但也带来了版权领域的风险与挑战.以NFT技术为基础的数字藏品在传媒领域获得创新应用的同时,也带来了版权治理上的负面效应.为推动技术合理使用,围绕数字藏品制造、交易、使用等环节,版权权利内容的边界与范围亟需厘清,科技创新下也需要自由达成的契约的适当介入,权利用尽原则与公共利益因素也应对版权保护边界展开适当限制,从而实现利益平衡与冲突协调.传媒类数字藏品的版权风险治理呼吁回归技术理性,完善相关制度措施,明确平台责任,推动行业自律,增强社会共治.
Before and after the October Revolution in 1917, Lenin came up with the idea of StateMonopolized Advertising so as to cut off the income source of the bourgeois press in the process of cooperating ＆ struggling with the Social Revolutionary Party and the Party of Menshevik, as well as in the struggle against the bourgeois interim government. From 1918 to 1920, the War Communism policy was implemented, under which commodity exchange was banned and currency was essentially canceled,that led to the widely disappearance of commercial ads. After the spring of 1921, Lenin acknowledged that he had made a big mistake and the War Communism policy was replaced with the New Economic Policy（NEP）. In 1921, Lenin admitted that the policy of State-Monopolized Advertising had been “naive” and “wrong”. Essentially being a market-economy under the management of proletariat, the NEP restored commodity production and free exchange, commercial advertising market in Soviet Russia was recovered, that resulted in a short though fast development of advertising. It is at this time that Lenin made some deep thinking of the state’s overall economic development with a batch of innovative policy practices introduced. In 1922, at the 11th Congress of the Russian Communist Party（Bolsheviks）, Lenin didn’t hesitate to break the rules to correct an already-passed bill that bans Pravda from publishing ads. In the history of Marxist View of Journalism, the transformation of Lenin’s cognition of advertising is a topic that deserves to be profoundly studied.
Parenting issues, especially parental mediation strategies, are important issues that all parents have to face; parents from families with intellectual and developmental disabilities face multiple difficulties and challenges on this issue, and they need to explore mediation strategies under structural barriers in order to meet the developmental needs of their children to minimize risks and maximize opportunities at the same time. Based on research methods of ethnographic participatory observation and in-depth interviews, this study attempts to examine parental mediation strategies of families with intellectual and developmental disabilities in the digital age from a relational perspective. Specifically, this study explains how parents from families with intellectual and developmental disabilities can explore and practice a set of mixed mediation strategies suitable for their children’s interpersonal relationships, including “active-co-use” strategies to promote parentchild relationships, and “active-restrictive” strategies to support acquaintance relationships, while “powerless-passive”strategies to expand social relationships.
身处贝克所言的风险社会,个体对风险的感知除了亲身经历外,更多地是源于媒介提示的风险图景.大众传播时代,媒介是风险的中介化,是风险的社会放大站.但伴随着深度媒介化,风险的社会放大这种线性传递观具有明显的解释局限性.随着行动者主体的增多以及行动者网络异质性的提高,媒介在呈现风险的同时,自身也在生成风险.基于行动者网络理论视角,新媒体时代媒介化治理的关键不在于技术层面如何传递风险信息,而在于如何减少因为媒介化传播产生的"次生风险".行动者网络视角进一步明确了当下社会风险的本质,即作为网络的风险是多元行动者共同作用的结果,是兼具不确定性和动态生成性的非线性存在.
本文采用自动化内容分析方法,对2022年全球传播学研究的前沿成果进行全面而细致的综述,尝试据此归纳传播学学术发展当下的重点议题和演进方向.基于LDA主题模型,在对样本中1482篇学术论文进行主题聚类和文本挖掘的基础上,本文发现:全面认识平台是当下传播学研究最核心的主题,学界对于平台的理解向一种含义更宽泛、边界也更模糊的"社会实践机制"转变,"平台化"因而获得超越信息生态的普泛性意义,对它的解读逐渐深度关涉身份认同、社会治理、文化革新等具体范畴.此外,受制于自身固有的框架,传播学理论的成长策略体现出稳健甚至保守的特征,不同子领域的学术传统之间缺少对话,且现有的方法论体系难以充分解释人与技术之间的互动机制和总体性的信息生态.
Although Edward Hall always be cited as the founder of intercultural communication,the local communication area has not yet explored his role as an anthropologist. Hall’s ideas and practices did not emerge out of thin air, and his five-year tenure at The Foreign Service Institute, an official U.S. organization, should not be separated from the context to fit the mainstream narrative of communication history, or as just one segment of a linear narrative. In fact, this particular period involved the interaction of multiple subjects, including linguists and anthropologists, and mapped the scientific turn in the humanities and social fields in the United States at that time and the struggle over disciplinary fields. This paper revisits Hall’s time in the Foreign Service through the path of sociology of knowledge to demystify the dominant narrative that is taken for granted.
本文以2022年中国新闻业的重大事件为观察对象,重点回顾党的二十大系列报道、北京冬奥会报道与抗击新冠疫情报道等重大题材的新闻实践,从新闻生产、技术采纳与新闻业态三个维度出发阐述本年度新闻业发展变化的主要特征,并归纳当前数字新闻业在平台社会语境下的运作规律和发展趋势.研究发现,专业媒体与互联网平台从生产到传播各环节的"常态接合"是中国新闻业发展的典型特征,其主要表现在三个方面:新闻生产的平台化、触达技术的智能化、治理理念的生态化.数字新闻业的"生产-触达-治理"模式,是专业媒体与互联网平台"常态接合"的主要呈现方式,因此新闻传媒业应当顺势而为,积极建设全媒体传播体系,全面提升数字沟通的能力与效果.
关于对立情绪弥漫于网络空间的问题,既有研究未充分考虑网络平台在其中的作用机制.以平台可供性为理论视角,对微博、知乎两个平台及其用户的质性研究发现:伴随用户的感知、想象和使用过程,平台的功能设计、算法机制、管理方式共同建构了一个支持对立情绪的可供性空间;在本土化可供性环境下,平台一方面从日常化的对立情绪中获取流量,另一方面以弹性的治理逻辑限制极端情绪的传播.文章为理解和反思平台社会中情绪的流量政治提供了新的理论视角与实践进路.
Along with the trend of virtual currency, the NFT boom in digital publishing is on the rise and has been widely used in the field of digital publishing of music, paintings, texts and images.The blockchain technology used in NFT digital publishing is tamper-evident, and previous deletion measures have failed to achieve the effect of stopping infringement, and if the content review obligation of NFT digital publishing platforms is increased, it may slow down the development of the new digital publishing industry. If the obligation to review the content of NFT digital publishing platform is increased, it may slow down the development process of the new digital publishing industry. How to find a balance between the two depends on the judiciary’s determination of the “necessary measures” for network service providers in the Civil Code. In this regard, it is advisable for the judiciary to define and quantify the type, scale and scope of necessary measures. In the definition of the type of necessary measures, the technical feasibility and multiplicity of measures should be taken into account. In terms of quantitative criteria, the principle of proportionality should be used as a guide, and the scale, type of service, prima facie evidence and severity of the platform should be carefully considered.
监控和公平、正义、自由及人类福祉等社会和政治问题紧密关联,在很大程度上是由于由监控获得的可见性知识有被转化为权力的潜力.而各类技术的发展改变了以往相对固定的监控者与被监控者之间的关系.总体而言,以技术演变为核心,"看"本身经历了从近距离的、简单的注视或围观到愈发技术化的、"延伸式"的观看.媒介/技术在其中发挥的最重要的作用在于,它们几乎从根本上改变了"可见/看"的方式,从而影响了监视材料的形态,以及观看者与被观看者的观看实践乃至权力变化.这在一定程度上解释了相关研究认为可以通过监控技术向大众赋权获得"观看的正义"的观点.然而,本文认为,掌握"监控/看"的权力并不等于获得权力本身,在社交媒体平台这一力量交换的场域,可见性只作为其中的一支力量发挥作用,它最终走向何方还要考察具体情境、案例中的行动者如何互动.本文最后就如何挖掘监控研究的可见性维度提出建议.
本文系以第一人称书写方式追溯作者如何在上世纪九十年代从事"新闻(媒介)框架"研究,其内容聚焦于以"学术"与"个人"认同之双重身份,详述其当年在中国台湾的兴衰隆替.此一写作方式或与时下盛行的学术文章要求不尽相合,但仍呼应了社会科学"向自传式方法转向"(the autobiographical turn)的后起思潮,强调任何说故事者(包括本文作者)得以自我"生命讲述"(life accounts)方式来表征特定时空之(学术)生活经验,由此显示从过去到现在的人生旅程如何变化.作者认为,曾在1990-2010年间广受传播学者重视的"新闻(媒介)框架"研究面临社会情境的变化,现已逐渐失去风采而需改弦易辙地找到与以前不同的研究途径.
当前数字技术越来越成为城市生态的基础性架构,带来日常生活、社会文化、信息交流等的全面重构,视障者也在数字技术的加持下逐渐摆脱城市空间的"隐身人"角色.数字基础设施系统为视障群体搭建了数字"盲道"和"盲杖".本文从视障者的感官体验出发,聚焦视障者在城市生活中面临的出行、信息交流等障碍,将视障者与数字基础设施的技术协商和交互作为微观分析单元,对交互过程中的感官体验进行深描与呈现.虽然数字"盲道"与"盲杖"尚不完善,但整体上弥补了视障者在出行时的工具缺口与空间限制,以及信息交流中的感知方式和交互内容缺口,疏通因视力差异带来的身与心的"围困",重塑了视障者的自我主体性与能动性,增强社会融入,同时也在人与技术的交互协商中实现技术系统的升级优化,视障者的数字城市生存已成为一种"在技之在".
