Currently,art theory faces challenges from nominalism and anti-essentialist aesthetics,among others.On the basis of adhering to the main thread of exploring the nature and universal laws of art from a holistic and comprehensive perspective,we should give comprehensive consideration to aspects such as the practical orientation of the knowledge system and originality of art theory,the theoretical needs of social activities related to art,the distribution of research results,etc.Future studies will be carried out in the following four branches:philosophy of art,comparative art,interdisciplinary art and meta-art.
The emerging idea of“historical political science”in contemporary China and“hermeneutic political science”in the contemporary West have similar points of interest,and both advocate introducing history into political analysis．“Hermeneutic political science”and “hermeneutic political philosophy”imply a historical hermeneutics oriented toward the social sciences and practical philosophy respectively,corresponding roughly to the social sciences and political philosophy-oriented historical political science respectively.Historical hermeneutics under modern conditions is about the collective self-understanding of the political community at the ethical-political level,which is inherently communal.Historical political science should follow the hermeneutic logic of“double dialogue”to promote the public hermeneutics of history,facilitate China’s self-understanding of the modern political order,and win universal recognition externally on the basis of full internal cohesion.
Emotionalist virtue ethics analyze the expression,basis and function of empathy in detail,but most of these analyses are based on the psychology of empathy developed by Theodor Lipps.Among the many misunderstandings that have emerged about Lipps’ theory are that empathy is imitation;empathy is projection;empathy is not only an emotional act of feeling,but also the result of this act;as a specific emotion,empathy is sympathy;and empathy is the basis of sympathy and as such is a necessary and sufficient condition for moral behavior.However,from the phenomenological point of view,empathy is essentially the knowledge or understanding of others;it is not the imitation of others,nor is it a projection of the self.Empathy is a neutral act of consciousness,not a specific emotion,and does not constitute a sufficient condition for sympathy or morality.In this regard,the shortcomings of Lipps’ psychology of empathy mean that it does not provide a real basis for emotionalist virtue ethics.Rather,it is the phenomenology of empathy that provides a more rational explanation for virtue ethics at the level of moral consciousness.In terms of how moral behavior is possible,rationalist ethics,Aristotelian virtue ethics,and emotionalist ethics are not mutually exclusive,but compatible and complementary.
At present,the anomie of writing ethics is one of the reasons for our dissatisfaction with writing on author theory.Such writing requires an attitude of sincerity.The goal of author theory is the rational exploration of the “general laws of the mind,”and the sincerity of the writing entity should be set up on this basis.Another important aspect of writing ethics is the subjectobject relationship.A good relationship between subject and object should reflect the practice of virtue.The realization of this ideal state is based on the consensus and pursuit of the general laws of the mind,with its mutual understanding and mutual gain.To reconstruct the ethical norms of writings on author theory,we need to change the writing entities’ weaknesses and the vulgarization of the subject-object relationship.More fundamentally,we need to rebuild the norms and spiritual principles of the literary field.
To weigh current theories of emotion and their merits and demerits,we can look at perceptual and behavioral reasoning,two approaches that minimize prediction errors（PE）in the theoretical framework of predictive processing by introducing a view of external behavioral reasoning in which emotions act as internal feelings.In this way,predictive processing theory can be applied to understanding emotion.This view regards emotion as an ad hoc strategy for emotional valence regulation,holding that through the pathways of external behavioral reasoning where emotion acts as internal feelings,the subject actor’s coordinates of internal sensory perception（emotional valence）serve to maintain an internal equilibrium.This view commands clear advantages for integrating the explanatory resources of other theories.
