The transition from pastime activities to sports globalization is the result of the iteration of the waves of sportization, that is, the process of sports.From sports “barbarism” to sports “civilization”,the historical image of sportization is still evolving, which process has not stopped.By exploring the process of sportization in the “civilizing process” since the 18th century, and by clarifying the origin, formation and globalization of modern sports, this research aims to make rational reflections on the tendency of future waves of sportization and China’s solutions.It suggests that in England in the 18th century pastime activities transformed into “modern sports” after two waves of sportization and came into being.And with the civilizing process, global sportization went through phases of Europeanisation（1870s—1920s）,phase of Americanization（1920s—1960s） and phase of globalization（1960s—2008）,and was further disseminated to the whole world.At a time of the ideological confrontation over globalization/anti-globalization, this research contemplates more advanced sportization tendency and China’s solutions, which include facing up to the impact on traditional sports brought about by “anti-globalization” of global sports governance; extending sports modernization, starting the “sportization” of e-sports in the digital age; attaching importance to the Chinese initiative of sports “re-globalization” to build a community with a shared future for mankind; promoting all-round high-quality development to help build a leading sports nation by following the Chinese path to modernization.
There are “power suspension” phenomena such as power mismatch and power absence in the reform of the approval power of sports events, and the theory of functional decentralization provides a new theoretical perspective for the governance of the “power suspension” phenomenon.The study believes that the functional decentralization governance logic of the “power suspension” phenomenon in the reform of the approval power of sports events includes: functional division of labor based on organizational effectiveness, functional division of duties based on organizational functions, functional division of responsibilities based on organizational responsibilities, and functional empowerment based on organizational goals.This paper puts forward the functional decentralization governance path of the “power suspension” phenomenon in the reform of approval power of sports events: to formulate detailed rules for the decentralization of approval power of sports events and clarify the responsibilities of power subjects; to distribute powers according to the needs of sports events and promote the matching of powers and responsibilities with supply and demand; to strengthen the horizontal nesting of the three powers and establish a power supervision mechanism; to emphasize the decentralization of power in the approval process of sports events and refine the power undertaking procedures.
采用文献资料法,探究大型体育赛事风险管理中组织韧性的提升策略.组织韧性在大型体育赛事风险管理中的作用机制如下:1)信息是组织韧性的重要来源,提升风险信息获取效率有助于提升大型体育赛事风险响应的全面性、时速性和有效性.2)长期保持一定的资源冗余量有益于组织韧性构建,从而提升大型体育赛事风险化解的灵活性.3)多元主体的协同及有效参与是增强组织韧性和提升大型体育赛事风险管理效益的内在要求.4)不断汲取经验的持续学习和快速适应能够推动大型体育赛事风险管理能力的"螺旋式上升".但在大型体育赛事风险管理实践中,存在提升风险信息获取效率的难度大、资源冗余与节俭办赛理念冲突、多元主体的诉求对抗与角色不清、动态学习能力与风险文化欠缺等现实挑战.对此,提出大型体育赛事风险管理中组织韧性的提升策略:技术赋能风险管理,提高风险信息获取效率;合理配置应急性冗余资源,稳固风险响应能力;强化多元主体联结,打造扁平化管理结构;提升组织动态学习能力,促进风险文化建设.
新发展阶段,学校体育的根本任务由"增强体质"转变为"立德树人".本研究通过身体观和知识论视角对学校体育以体育人中的困囿进行审视,认为"抑身扬心"的身体观和"轻技重知"的知识论是现实中体育课地位偏低形成的理论成因.从"我有"到"我是"的身体观转变以及默会知识较明述知识的优先性是学校体育育人价值回归的理论支撑.运用三个身体理论和默会知识理论对学校体育在身体教育和知识传授方面提出纾解路径:从身体维度来看,通过"勤练"促进学生自然身体健康行为的养成,通过"常赛"树立学生文化身体的体育品德,通过"教会"提升学生技术身体的运动能力;从知识维度来看,应在体育教学中突出情境、显性和亲知3 个方面,即创造复杂的运动情境、课程思政元素的挖掘与融入、注重学生的个体体验.
运用案例分析法,结合贵州"村BA"赛事的发展状况,从乡村体育赛事助力乡村振兴的价值意蕴入手,研究其内在机制,总结经验并提出培育路径.研究认为:乡村体育赛事助力乡村产业融合创新,提高乡村人才培养质量,促进乡村文化塑形铸魂,加快生态宜居的和美乡村建设,助推乡村体育治理优化升级.在总结我国其他地区乡村赛事发展助力乡村振兴的问题与不足的基础上,阐述经验启示:促进乡村体育产业深度融合,实现赛事价值充分转化;提高乡村体育人才供给质量,吸引贤才精英归乡创业;弘扬乡村民族体育文化精神,实现产业融合共存共生;加快体育生态资源开发利用,建设宜居宜业和美乡村;提高乡村体育组织管理效能,完善基层体育治理体系.基于此,提出培育路径:乡村基层政府应广泛开展农民体育健身活动,补齐乡村公共设施短板;深入挖掘乡村体育精神内涵,善用文化引领乡村产业建设;创新体育赛事宣传工作,数字赋能乡村体育文化传播;促成多元主体共治格局,完善乡村治理制度标准体系.
