The management of forest fires in Spain is configured as a territorial intervention process that recognizes the systemic and multicausal nature of the risk, integrating natural, anthropic and technological factors in an adaptive governance framework. The analysis of these risks reveals that these interactions force us to rethink public policies and planning instruments, which find in Royal Decree 716/2025 a regulatory axis that harmonizes criteria and requires an annual update based on scientific evidence. In this context, the instruments (regulatory and economic), as well as the management tools (from fire behaviour modelling to remote surveillance systems, including ground and air operational devices), are articulated as an integrated system oriented towards anticipation, early detection and coordinated response. The action actions, which combine tactical management maneuvers and real-time decision-making, are complemented by structural prevention strategies and territorial regeneration measures aimed at restoring ecological functionality and reducing future vulnerability. Altogether, the work shows that forest fire management cannot be understood as a mere operational response, but as a complex territorial policy that requires integrating science, technology, territorial planning and social participation to face an increasingly intense and transformative phenomenon. All of this, highlighting the importance of specifying new realities of action, articulated in a solid political basis of planning, as well as a regulatory and economic instrumentation, through which, articulate the territorial intervention actions with which to face the market failures emanating from the forest fires.
The research analyzes the gap between the negative public perception of nuclear energy and the technical reality based on scientific evidence. Although this energy source is efficient, safe and low carbon, its image has been damaged by historical accidents, its association with nuclear weaponry and alarmist media coverage. Through a multidisciplinary approach, the study identifies how sociocultural, psychological and communicational factors have contributed to nuclear energy's poor reputation. The research also makes a comparison with other energy sources,showing that nuclear has significant advantages in terms of emissions, operational stability and efficiency, especially compared to fossil sources. It is argued that excluding it from the global energy mix would make it more difficult to achieve climate objectives, making the energy transition more costly and complex. In addition, international examples where nuclear energy has been successfully integrated are studied and emerging technologies are analyzed. In conclusion, the need to review the role of nuclear energy from a rational approach, based on scientific data and not on erroneous perceptions or unfounded myths, is defended.
From the definition of ecosystem services, we can study the link between ecosystems and human well-being. In this article we show the results of the valuation of the ecosystem services provided by the green areas of the Unipamplona campus to all its visitors. A theoretical study was carried out in digital libraries, extracting information with which the bases for the development of the research were established, later with visits to the campus, on a map the green areas present were highlighted and with the realization of a participatory social cartography, they identified the green areas most frequented by the community. A survey was also carried out, where its results were analyzed by means of text mining, extracting the keywords in order to determine the importance of the green areas of the campus and the cultural and provisioning ecosystem services that they offer to the community.
Contemporary environmental protection unfolds within a context of constant tension between the State and local territories, a structural friction that reveals the difficulty of articulating a coherent model of ecological governance. Thus, this research examines the territorial reality stemming from the profound contradiction between the constitutional State and the jurisprudential State in environmental matters. On the one hand, the Constitution establishes the environment as a guiding principle for public action, but lacks direct operational mechanisms to guarantee its effective implementation. On the other hand, legislative inaction or insufficiency has fostered the consolidation of a jurisprudential rule-of-law state, in which the courts assume a fundamental role in filling regulatory gaps and ensuring environmental protection. This trend leads to a breakdown in the unity of the law and exacerbates territorial inequalities, as the judicial response is not always uniform and depends on the sensitivity, criteria, and level of oversight of each court. The jurisprudential architecture of environmental law in Spain, built over decades, thus shows an evolution marked by significant progress, but also by internal contradictions and ambivalent effects on the constitutional system, which sees some of its classic balances of power shifted. In this context, Environmental Impact Assessment becomes a fraught instrument: its theoretical design aims to integrate ecological rationality into decision-making, but its practice reveals frictions between development, protection, and land-use planning. Finally, the Political Geography of the environment invites an interdisciplinary reading of the conflict, where Law intertwines with Geography, Economics, and Territorial Policy, showing that sustainability is not only a normative objective but also a space of structural dispute between models of the State and ways of inhabiting the territory.
Nuclear energy stands out as one of the most strategically significant sectors in modern society, combining advantages in terms of electricity generation and emissions reduction with health, environmental, and security risks. Its use requires a complex legal framework that addresses not only the technical aspects of its operation, but also civil liability, environmental protection, specific taxation, and democratic governance. This thesis examines nuclear energy from a legal and environmental perspective, both internationally and comparatively. It analyzes the technical foundations of nuclear risk, the regulatory evolution in Spain and at the international level, the legal treatment of major nuclear accidents, and the threats associated with its use. Special attention is given to the criminal protection of the nuclear environment, the configuration of civil liability for nuclear damage, and the environmental taxation regime, analyzing both the domestic regime and the framework of international conventions. Finally, it reflects on future challenges stemming from the energy transition, public transparency, the emergence of new technologies, and the possibility of moving toward a common European nuclear policy. The thesis concludes by proposing and technically sound legal measures to strengthen the coherence, sustainability, and legitimacy of the nuclear legal regime, based on existing regulatory instruments and promoting a culture of responsibility, transparency, and intergenerational equity.
