With the strategic goal of joining the EU and establishing Ukraine as a democratic state with the rule of law, a new stage of constitutional reforms has begun in Ukraine. European integration increasingly resembles a constitutional phenomenon, changing the basic principles of the constitutional system as well as its political and economic foundations. Legal regulation, which establishes parameters, procedures and rates of approximation to European standards, is a means of implementing political and institutional reforms. The study is relevant because of the growing changes and the need to protect national identity, sovereignty and the integrity of the constitutional system. The methodological basis of the article consists of philosophy, general science and separate legal methods-dialectical, historical, formal-logical, systemic, formal-legal, comparative-legal, analytical, synthesis, induction, deduction, abstraction and generalization. The purpose of article-is to establish the contribution of European integration to the constitutional modernization of Ukraine and to find a balance between national constitutional identity and European norms.
The Spanish legal system provides for a set of measures that restrict the right to exercise a parliamentary office even when a final conviction has not yet been handed down. Although these non-criminal measures -referred to as "extra-penal"- are found not only in parliamentary regulations but also in criminal-procedural legislation, they share a common foundation in the protection of the constitutional value of 'democratic public order'. The extra-penal suspension of a member of parliament (MP) triggers a cascade of supra-individual effects that justify the regulation of a virtually unprecedented figure in our legal system: the temporary replacement of the MP. This paper aims to demonstrate that implementing this solution not only resolves the anomalies arising from the MP's removal from office but also ensures the represented citizens' right to political participation.
The article analyzes the U.S. Supreme Court ruling in the case *Mahmoud v. Taylor* (June 27, 2025), in which the majority opinion, authored by Justice Samuel Alito, holds that parents' right to direct the religious education of their children-protected under the First Amendment-includes the ability to request that their children be exempted from public-school activities that expose them to content contrary to their religious convictions. In the decision, the Supreme Court concludes that the inclusive education program implemented by the Montgomery County Board of Education imposes a substantial and unconstitutional burden on religious freedom and parental educational rights by creating an objective risk of indoctrination. The author offers a positive assessment of the ruling for limiting claims of state neutrality and for strengthening parents' rights in a context of increasing ideological and value pluralism.
The Ombudsman supervises the activities of the public administration in the defense of, among others, the social rights. This paper aims to draw attention to the importance of strengthening and reinforcing this institution in order to face the challenges posed by the effectiveness of social rights within the framework of digital citizenship.
The buying and selling of sex is a booming business, fueled by advertising, film, and music, and further encouraged online. The supply of sex is endless, as numerous as the activities involving sexual or erotic elements, which don't necessarily require physical contact, as is the case in pornography. In this market, women are the ones who perform the sexual activity, and men are the consumers. Of all these activities, the most controversial is prostitution, which exists in a true legal limbo. This work analyzes the legal framework of prostitution through a critical examination of the law and its application by the Supreme Court. The legislature has made several attempts to protect women from the violence and exploitation they may suffer in certain situations, but in its recent "only yes means yes" law, it missed the opportunity to address prostitution. Meanwhile, the Supreme Court, in its attempt to address the real problems of exploitation of women, and despite the inherent contradiction this may have with human dignity, is permissive toward prostitution and the sex trade. A not insignificant Supreme Court ruling that could be interpreted as a step towards the legalization.
