启优2165系福建省农业科学院水稻研究所利用优质抗病三系不育系启源A与优质抗病恢复系福恢2165配组育成的杂交晚稻新组合.该组合具有熟期早、抗稻瘟病、米质优等特点,2020年通过福建省农作物品种审定.介绍了启优2165的选育过程、特征特性、栽培及制种技术要点.

Objective Effects of seed sowing time and ambient temperature at grain-filling on the agronomic traits and rice quality/flavonoid content of Ziliangyou 737 were analyzed for improved the cultivation. Method Seeds of Ziliangyou 737 were sowed at intervals to vary the growing period and harvest season for studying the effects of sowing time and atmosphere temperature at grain-filling stage on the agronomic traits of the plants and quality and flavonoid content of the rice. In 7, 10, 14, and 21 d after start of grain-filling as well as at grain maturity, data were collected for a statistical analysis on the rice crops sowed on various dates. Result Under a shorter growing season, the plant height declined; the spike length became longer, then shorter; the seed setting rate and yield reduced, then increased; and the effective accumulated temperature (EAT) decreased gradually. The ∑H (High temperature hours) and ∑Th (Thermal accumulated temperature hour) within 10 d after grain-filling significantly affected the seeding rate of the mature seeds, so did the TA (Average temperature) within 14 d after grain-filling. When TA was 31.645 ℃, the seeding rate reached the lowest level, but the effect was lessened with increasing ambient temperature as the grain matured. High ∑Td (Daily thermal accumulated temperature) at 21 d after initial filling resulted in higher rate of failed grain-filling which translated to a lower seeding rate. VB5, VB6, and VB2 were the vitamins in the greatest amounts found in the grains, but no significant correlation was found between vitamin contents and sowing time. Late sowing caused linear decline in grain amylose due to decreased ∑H, ∑Td, and ∑Th. High temperature affected the amylose content positively, but the effect was less at the late filling stage. Controlling TA at a level below 26.84 ℃ could help maintain the quality of the waxy rice crop sowed in late season in Fujian. The contents of anthocyanins and flavonoids correlated to the sowing time as shown by the color of seed hull that changed from reddish brown to dark black. From 14 d after grain-filling till maturity, ∑Td, TA, and EAT became extremely significant factors in the color change as a rising temperature mitigated anthocyanins and flavonoids.ConclusionScheduling of Ziliangyou 737 sowing significantly affected the growth and grain quality of the waxy rice. By controlling a TA less than 26.84 ℃ and an EAT at 2336.69–2390℃·d during grain-filling, crop yield and rice quality could be maximized. In Fujian, sowing between June 15 and 25 would thus be desirable. For other localities, cultivation in areas at high altitude or those that provide low TA at grain-filling stage would be recommended for Ziliangyou 737.

Rice blast is arguably the most devastating fungal disease of rice. Utilization of resistance genes to breed resistant cultivars is one of the most economical and environmentally friendly approaches to combat the disease. Pi25, a major resistance gene conferring broad-spectrum resistance to both leaf and neck blast, is an ideal gene resource to improve the resistance of rice varieties to blast. Recently, several allele-specific markers were developed. However, they were deficiently efficient due to either an additional process of restriction enzyme digestion for cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) markers or the risk of false-positive error in identifying susceptible Tetep allele (Pi25(TTP)) for PCR-based markers. In this study, based on a conserved single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) between resistant and susceptible alleles, a tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS)-PCR marker was developed. The new marker, namely Pi25-2687R3, could effectively distinguish the resistant Gumei 2 (GM2) allele (Pi25(GM2)) and the susceptible allele Pi25(TTP). Moreover, a perfect consistency of genotyping was exhibited between Pi25-2687R3 and published CAPS marker CAP3/Hpy 99I. A more accurate genotyping was also displayed compared to the previous PCR-based SNP marker Pi25-2566. Our finding proved that Pi25-2687R3 could achieve the same result as CAP3/Hpy 99I with less workload and cost and could promote the accuracy in the identification of genotypes superior to Pi25-2566. This study provided a quick and reliable functional marker for discriminating Pi25 alleles, which would be a valuable tool for genotypic assay and rice molecular breeding of blast resistance.

Objective Functional components and yield-related traits of Ziliangyou 737 and its parents were determined. Method Functional components and yield-related agronomic traits of Ziliangyou 737 were compared with those of Zi 392S, Fuhui 737, the white rice control Yiyou 673, and the black rice control Mojiangzimi. Result Ziliangyou 737 was rich in antioxidants (e.g., anthocyanins) and functional ingredients (e.g., essential amino acids and minerals) carrying mostly additive genetic characteristics relating to antioxidant capacity and phenotypes of F1 generation biased towards low-value parents. A strong heterosis of the cross breeding was evident by the upgraded yield-related traits of Ziliangyou 737.ConclusionRich in antioxidants and functional components, the purple glutinous hybrid rice Ziliangyou 737 was also high on the traits related to crop yield. This study illustrated a promising direction for breeding specialty rice varieties.

ObjectiveThis study was conducted to analyze the genotypes of yield and quality-related traits of the purple waxy special rice Ziliangyou 737 and its parents, and to provide molecular basis for the further application of this variety and its parents in breeding and production.MethodUsing 13 molecular markers of 10 important genes, the alleles of Ziliangyou 737 and its parents Ziliang392s and Fuhui 737 were analyzed in relation to yield and quality.ResultIn 7 gene loci, both Zizliangyou 737 and its parents carry the same allele genotype. The high-yield allele Ha-Gn1a was carried in the seat of Gn1a, the major gene of panicles number. The long grain allele MH-GS3 was carried in the GS3 locus of the major gene for grain weight and grain length. The alleles of purple pericarp were carried in the Pb locus of seed coat gene. All alleles with low amylose content in waxy gene wx locus were carried in glutinous rice. In addition, the same allelic genotype was carried in the starch branch enzyme genes SBE1 and SBE3 and the limit dextrin enzyme gene PUL gene locus. In three loci, parents carry different alleles. In the Hd3a seat, the Zi 392S, Fuhui 737 and Ziliangyou 737 carry Hd3aNip, hd3aKasa and Hd3aNip/hd3aKasa respectively. On the Hd1 seat, carry Hd1jap, Hd1ind and Hd1jap/Hd1ind respectively. In the large subunit gene AGPlar locus of pyrophosphorylase, there were type I, type II and hybrid type I/II, respectively.ConclusionThe genetic analysis of important agronomic traits of Ziliangyou 737 provided molecular evidence for its high yield, high quality, good adaptability and seed coat color, and provided reference for further utilization of related favorable alleles

Avoiding linkage drag of the resistance genes will facilitate the use of gene resources for rice breeding. This study was conducted to confirm the avoidance of linkage drag due to Pi26 and Pi25 blast resistance genes, and to analyze the association of Pi26, Pi25, Pib and Pita with quantitative trait loci (QTL) for yield traits. A recombinant inbred line population was derived from an indica rice cross Dan 71/Zhonghui 161. A linkage map consisting of 1219 bin markers, 22 simple sequence repeats and five gene markers was constructed. A total of 75 QTL were identified, including 2 for leaf blast resistance and 73 for eight yield traits. The two QTL for blast resistance were closely linked and located in the Pi26 and Pi25 regions, explaining 69.06 and 12.73% of the phenotypic variance, respectively. In a region covering Pi26 and Pi25, QTL were detected for grain yield and its key components. The alleles for enhancing blast resistance and grain yield were all from Dan 71. Not only was the linkage drag due to Pi26 and Pi25 avoided, but the results also indicate that these resistance genes may be used for simultaneously enhancing blast resistance and grain yield in rice. In the Pib and Pita regions, QTL was not detected for blast resistance, but was for yield traits. In each region, the allele for improving trait performance was derived from the parent carrying the resistance allele. In addition, four QTL clusters for grain weight and size, qGL4/ qGW4.1, qGL11.2/ qRLW11, qTGW11/ qGW11 and qGL12/ qGW12/qRLW12, were shown to be promising candidates for map-based cloning.

Grain size, shape and weight are important factors influencing grain yield and quality of rice. They are mostly determined by grain length (GL) and grain width (GW). A 13.2 Mb interval, RM167–RM287 on chromosome 11 of rice, was previously found to be associated with variations in 1000-grain weight (TGW). In this study, three populations derived from the indica rice cross Teqing/IRBB52 were used to identify and validate quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling GL, GW, TGW and the ratio of GL to GW (RLW) in the RM167–RM287 region. First, two QTL clusters associated with these traits were detected using two populations, segregating the RM167–RM287 interval only. One controlled GL, GW and TGW and was designated as qGS11. The other controlled GL and RLW. The allelic directions of the two QTL clusters on GL were opposite. Then, qGS11 was further mapped in a 1.4 Mb interval using near-isogenic lines, showing a small effect on GL and a relatively large effect on TGW, GW and RLW. Meanwhile, a stable and small effect on the heading date was detected. The allelic direction for the heading date was the opposite for TGW and GW but the same for GL and RLW. The results suggest that qGS11 has the potential for application in rice breeding.

利用2017—2019年福建省早稻新品种区域试验和生产试验数据,通过变异系数、高稳系数和适应度等分析方法,研究聚两优919的丰产性、稳产性、适应性和综合表现.结果表明,聚两优919在2017—2018年2年区域试验平均产量为7771.13 kg/hm2,比对照品种T78优2155增产3.74％.2019年生产试验平均产量为6998.55 kg/hm2,比对照品种T78优2155增产4.00％.2年区域试验平均变异系数为13.85％,低于对照品种T78优2155(14.38％);平均高稳系数为81.25％,高于对照品种(77.84％);平均适应度为68.9％,明显高于对照品种(41.7％).全生育期2年区域试验平均128.3 d,比对照品种T78优2155早熟0.6 d,中抗稻瘟病,米质达部颁三等优质食用稻品种品质标准.由此说明,聚两优919丰产性、稳产性和适应性好,抗病性、稻米品质和主要农艺性状等综合性状优良,适宜福建省作早稻种植,推广应用前景良好.

[目的]探索紫黑米品种紫两优737在不同种植季节及不同生境的黄酮及B族维生素的变化差异,进而为生产者最佳种植季节及种植地点安排、提高紫两优737生产品质提供科学依据.[方法]收集2021年4月中旬至10月中旬种植于福建12个地方的紫两优737样本,测定其花青素、黄酮、类胡萝卜素和B族维生素含量,并进行主成分分析.[结果]晚季和烟后季种植情况下,紫两优737样品中花青素、黄酮和类胡萝卜素含量明显比早季和中季高,且随海拔升高,这3种物质都有上升的趋势;总维生素含量方面,早、晚季种植比中季和烟后季种植含量高,维生素含量与海拔无明显相关关系.主成分分析表明,VB6、VB4、VB5、花青素、黄酮和类胡萝卜素在第一主成分上有较高的载荷,这一部分体现了紫黑米中主要的营养物质.VB3、VB8、VB7在第二主成分上有较高载荷,VB1和VB2则在第三主成分上有较高载荷.样品中得分最高的是宁德岚亭晚季样本,中季样本普遍得分较低.[结论]紫两优737的B族维生素含量VB5、VB1、VB6较高;从种植季节或种植地点而言,晚季种植或光照充足、气温较低的高海拔地区种植的样本均含有较高花青素、黄酮、类胡萝卜素和B族维生素.

榕夏S是福建省农业科学院水稻研究所以海S为母本与保持系福农B杂交育成的优质籼型水稻温敏核不育系,具有株叶形态好、柱头外露率高、米质优、育性转换起点温度低等特点,2020年通过福建省农作物品种审定委员会审定.

[目的] 充分挖掘和利用优良常规稻资源,加强早熟优良杂交水稻不育系的创制,培育杂种优势强、优质、抗病及广适应性的早熟杂交水稻新品种,满足农业种植结构调整对早熟优良杂交水稻品种需求.[方法] 以泸香90B为母本,早熟优质常规稻佳辐占为父本杂交,后代经福建建阳和海南三亚两地穿梭加代育种,及福建上杭茶地稻瘟病抗性鉴定,从中筛选出早熟、大粒、优质、抗病的优良单株与Ⅱ-32A测交和多代回交转育,于2013年育成早熟优质高配合力水稻不育系潢达A;2016年春季在海南用潢达A与恢复系粤禾丝苗进行制种配组(潢优粤禾丝苗).潢优粤禾丝苗于2016–2017年参加福建、海南和江西等多地品比试验,2018–2020年参加福建省早稻组和长江中下游晚籼早熟组联合体区试和生产试验,考察其综合性状表现.[结果] 潢优粤禾丝苗在多地品比试验中,平均产量达8100.00 kg·hm?2以上,比对照品种增产4.33％～18.76％.在福建省早稻新品种筛选试验、区试和生产试验中,平均产量分别达8014.50 kg·hm?2、8003.70 kg·hm?2和7444.65 kg·hm?2,比对照品种T78优2155平均增产4.80％、10.93％和8.26％;在长江中下游晚籼早熟组联合体区试和生产试验中,平均产量为9761.25 kg·hm?2和8838.45 kg·hm?2,比对照品种五优308平均增产4.18％和3.54％;于2020年通过福建省农作物品种审定委员会审定(闽审稻20200009),2021年通过国家农作物品种审定委员会审定(国审稻20210328).[结论] 潢优粤禾丝苗是早晚兼用型、高产稳产、抗病的优质杂交水稻品种,其早稻和晚稻米质分别达部颁一等和三等优质稻品种品质标准,可在福建全省作早稻种植和长江中下游双季稻区作晚稻种植,推广应用前景广阔.

秝S是福建省农业科学院水稻研究所以RGD-7S为母本与保持系福农B杂交育成的籼型水稻温敏核不育系,具有茎秆粗壮、穗大粒多、中抗稻瘟病、育性转换起点温度低等特点,2021年通过福建省农作物品种审定委员会审定.

潢优808是福建省农业科学院水稻研究所用潢达A与福恢808配组而成的三系晚籼杂交水稻新品种,具有优势强、产量高、转色好、中抗稻瘟病、米质优等特点,2020年通过福建省农作物品种审定.介绍了潢优808父母本的特征特性及高产制种关键技术要点.

以含广谱稻瘟病抗性基因Pi25的U04为供体,优质保持系宜香1B为受体,通过杂交、回交育种方法,结合分子标记辅助选择,培育出优质抗病中间材料,再以水稻两用核不育系RGD-7S为不育基因供体进行杂交,通过福建建瓯等高海拔长日低温环境与海南三亚短日低温环境对后代育性进行筛选,经过4a7代的抗瘟鉴定、系谱选择及测交筛选,定向培育成两用核不育系元亨S.该不育系具有综合农艺性状优良、不育起点温度较低、抗稻瘟病、稻米品质较优、异交结实率高、易于繁制种、种子发芽率高、配合力好等优良特性,于2019年1月和5月先后通过安徽省、福建省农作物品种审定委员会的技术鉴定和品种审定(闽审稻20190050).

元两优676是福建禾丰种业股份有限公司、福建省农业科学院水稻研究所利用优质抗稻瘟病两用核不育系元亨S和高配合力恢复系福恢676配组育成的两系杂交中籼新组合,具有产量高、中抗稻瘟病、米质较优、落色好等特点,2019年5月通过福建省品种审定,适宜在福建省作中稻种植.

有色稻的花青素在稻谷的种皮内累积,使得糙米呈现出黑、紫、红、绿、黄等不同色泽.有色稻米含有许多人体所需的氨基酸、功能脂质、膳食纤维、维生素、矿物质、花青素、酚类化合物和γ-谷维素等物质,具有重要的营养价值和药用价值,受到消费者的欢迎和市场的关注,具有广阔的市场前景.与普通白米相比,当前对有色稻米的研究与应用相较滞后,新型有色稻米功能性食品和药品尚待开发.本文系统综述了有色稻米种质资源的分布、评价利用、功能性成分及其特性、相关基因的遗传学研究及其在育种上的应用等研究进展.分析了制约我国有色稻米产业发展的突出问题.提出系统有效地开展有色稻米综合研究是市场和产业发展的需要,加强生物手段辅助育种可以有效提高有色稻新品种培育效率.

以SE152S为母本、江苏常熟地方紫色糯稻品种鸭血糯为父本杂交,再以Gn040187(W6111S/澳粘88)为母本进行复交,后经海南三亚、福建沙县两地定向培育成了株叶型好、不育性稳定、开花习性较好、异交率较高、可繁性好、配合力强、稻米种皮紫黑色、胚乳糯性及米质优的籼型紫黑糯稻光温敏核不育系紫392S,2019年5月通过福建省农作物品种审定委员会审定.利用紫392S配组的紫两优3号、紫两优737和紫两优212先后通过了福建省品种审定,其中紫两优737还分别于2019年5月、2021年4月通过了云南省、安徽省品种审定.

Background Grain weight is a grain yield component, which is an integrated index of grain length, width and thickness. They are controlled by a large number of quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Besides major QTLs, minor QTLs play an essential role. In our previous studies, QTL analysis for grain length and width was performed using a recombinant inbred line population derived from rice cross TQ/IRBB lines. Two major QTLs were detected, which were located in proximity to GS3 and GW5 that have been cloned. In the present study, QTLs for grain weight and shape were identified using rice populations that were homozygous at GS3 and GW5. Method Nine populations derived from the indica rice cross TQ/IRBB52 were used. An F10:11population named W1, consisting of 250 families and covering 16 segregating regions, was developed from one residual heterozygote (RH) in the F7generation of Teqing/IRBB52. Three near isogenic line (NIL)-F2 populations, ZH1, ZH2 and ZH3 that comprised 205, 239 and 234 plants, respectively, were derived from three RHs in F10:11. They segregated the target QTL region in an isogenic background. Two NIL populations, HY2 and HY3, were respectively produced from homozygous progeny of the ZH2 and ZH3 populations. Three other NIL-F2 populations, Z1, Z2 and Z3, were established using three RHs having smaller heterozygous segments. QTL analysis for 1000-grain weight (TGW), grain length (GL), grain width (GW), and length/width ratio (LWR) was conducted using QTL IciMapping and SAS procedure with GLM model. Result A total of 27 QTLs distributed on 12 chromosomes were identified. One QTL cluster, qTGW2/qGL2/qGW2 located in the terminal region of chromosome 2, were selected for further analysis. Two linked QTLs were separated in region Tw31911−RM266. qGL2 was located in Tw31911−Tw32437 and mainly controlled GL and GW. The effects were larger on GL than on GW and the allelic directions were opposite. qTGW2 was located in Tw35293−RM266 and affected TGW, GL and GW with the same allelic direction. Finally, qTGW2 was delimited within a 103-kb region flanked by Tw35293 and Tw35395. Conclusion qTGW2 with significant effects on TGW, GL and GW was validated and fine-mapped using NIL and NIL-F2 populations. These results provide a basis for map-based cloning of qTGW2 and utilization of qTGW2 in the breeding of high-yielding rice varieties.

[目的]利用抗病不育系与优质恢复系测交配组选育出抗病杂交稻新品种.[方法]以粤晶丝苗2号作母本,与抗稻瘟病中间材料U03杂交,F1干种子用350Gy60Co-γ射线辐照,从M2代分离群体中发现1株小粒、矮秆、直立的穗突变株.突变株后代经系谱法选择及稻瘟病抗性鉴定之后于2012年选择田间代号为12HR6-12的株系与抗病不育系M76A少量制种,2013–2014年分别在福建省建阳市、海南省三亚市参加多点品比试验,恢复系定名为福恢212.2015年M76优212参加福建省中稻组区域试验,产量、抗性表现突出,2016年续试,2017年进入生产试验.[结果]M76优212在连续2年区试中的平均产量达8763.60 kg·hm-2,比对照品种(Ⅱ优明86)增产8.61％,丰产性、稳产性表现好,中抗(MR)稻瘟病,米质较优.于2018年通过福建省农作物品种审定(闽审稻20180007).[结论]M76优212品种具有产量高、米质较优和抗病性好等优点,适宜福建省作中稻种植.