[Background] This study aims to screen Phytophthora strains with good antagonistic effects on tobacco Fusarium root rot. [Methods] Pseudomonas spp. with good antagonistic effects were isolated and purified from the rhizosphere of healthy tobacco by dilute coating plate method. Pseudomonas spp. was identified by morphological， physiological and biochemical characteristics and 16S rDNA sequence analysis， and the growth promotion and disease control effects were determined. [Results] （1） The two Pseudomonas spp. strains were identified as Pseudomonas Aeruginosa YZ66 and P. Chlororaphis YX33， respectively. （2） The plate inhibitory test showed that the inhibition efficiency of YZ66 and YX33 against F. solani were 79.66% and 76.68%， 79.93% and 57.48% for F. oxysporum， respectively， also they had inhibitory effects on tobacco root disease pathogens such as Phytophthora nicotiana， Trichoderma basicola， etc. （3） The two strains had significant growth promotion and disease inhibition effects， the disease prevention effect of YZ66 and YX33 was more than 81.21% and 67.55%， respectively， and the maximum leaf area and fresh weight were increased. （4） Both YZ66 and YX33 contained phenazine-1-carboxylic acid （PCA） synthesis genes. The inhibition rate of YZ66 and YX33 fermentation broth on pathogenic spores germination was 84.92%-93.24%， and the volatile organic compounds of the two antagonistic strains could inhibit the growth of pathogenic filaments or sporulation. [Conclusion] The two antagonistic Pseudomonas strains have good bacteriostatic efficacy， growth-promoting effects， disease-preventing effects， and broad application prospects.

为挖掘对烟草镰刀菌根腐病具有较强拮抗作用的生防菌株,采用稀释涂布平板法从健康烟株根际土壤中分离纯化对烟草镰刀菌根腐病(Fusarium root rot)主要病原具有一定拮抗作用的细菌,进行形态学、生理生化特征和16S rDNA序列分析鉴定,并测定促生防病效果.经平板对峙测定,筛选出2株对烟草镰刀菌根腐病病原具有较好抑制作用的菌株YX53和YX72,对茄病镰刀菌(F.solani)的抑制效率分别为83.66％和73.54％,对尖孢镰刀菌(F.oxysporum)的抑制效率分别为57.57％和55.89％;2菌株无菌发酵滤液对病原孢子萌发抑制率为84.82％～100％,其挥发性化合物可抑制病原菌丝生长或产孢,且对烟草疫霉菌(Phytophthora nicotianae)、根串珠霉菌(Thielaviopsis basicola)等也有抑制效果.鉴定结果表明,YZ53和YX72分别为蜡样芽孢杆菌Bacillus cereus和枯草芽孢杆菌B.subtilis.经2菌株处理的烟苗胚根增长率分别达到了67.86％和161.61％,盆栽烟苗根长、最大叶面积、鲜质量等均有所增加;YX53盆栽防病效果在89.47％以上,YX72在99.53％以上.

为建立烟田土壤和烟株烟草青枯病菌的快速诊断方法,本研究采用RAPD方法筛选获得了6对可用于烟草青枯病菌PCR检测的特异性引物.经对6种细菌(烟草青枯病菌、多粘芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、节杆菌、荧光假单胞菌、野火病菌)和2个烟草品种(中烟100和云烟87)的检测验证,6对引物均具有良好的灵敏度、特异性和可靠性.对青枯菌菌液DNA的检测灵敏度可达0.42 pg/μL,对土壤青枯菌的最低检出率为6×102cfu/g.应用特异引物A1T和S13T可对接种土壤和烟株样品的研磨悬浮液直接进行PCR快速检测,显著地缩短了检测时间,对烟叶产区烟草青枯病的预测预报及防控具有重要意义.

为明确近年来河南省烟区有翅蚜的发生动态,采用黄皿诱蚜的方法调查分析了2016—2019年豫中许昌市襄城县、豫西三门峡市渑池县、豫南信阳市罗山县、豫东周口市鹿邑县烟田有翅蚜的发生量与发生动态.结果表明,襄城县烟区有翅蚜发生量2019年最多,为474.2头/皿,发生动态曲线为双峰曲线,4月中旬出现第1次小高峰,第2次高峰期出现在4月下旬至5月初,此时发生量远大于第1次小高峰;鹿邑县烟区有翅蚜年发生量2017年居多,为621.0头/皿,发生动态曲线除2019年外也呈双峰曲线,不同于襄城县的是,首次高峰期出现于4月中旬至5月下旬,其发生量大于5月下旬至6月初小幅度回升出现的小高峰;渑池县烟区2016年有翅蚜发生总量最多,高达656.6头/皿,迁飞动态高峰期出现在5月底6月初,高峰期明显较晚;罗山县烟区有翅蚜发生量每次调查均在8头/皿左右波动且动态曲线无明显规律可循.由此可知,河南省不同烟区不同年份有翅蚜的再次调查发生动态存在较大差异.

围绕平顶山市当前烟叶基层队伍现状,分析了烟叶基层队伍存在的问题,提出健全人才评价体系、完善奖惩激励机制、建立培训赋能机制、创新人才引进方式等加强基层队伍的发展建议.

为明确豫中地区烟蚜茧蜂田间越冬场所和滞育特性,对烟蚜茧蜂僵蚜田间越冬情况进行了调查,并采集样本进行鉴定,同时分析了烟蚜茧蜂越冬滞育规律和越冬虫态.结果表明,豫中烟区烟蚜茧蜂以僵蚜形式越冬,不能以成蜂在野外越冬,其中以蛹在僵蚜中越冬的比例较高,平均为47.95％;其次是以老熟幼虫在僵蚜中越冬,平均为41.48％;少数以预蛹状态在僵蚜体内越冬.越冬寄主主要集中在白菜、萝卜等蔬菜上,少数在油菜、小麦和杂草上.从当年11月至次年3月中旬,烟蚜茧蜂田间越冬滞育率总体呈现先上升后下降的变化趋势,滞育率最高可达64.0％,滞育持续期可维持3～5个月.

为了获得对烟草黑胫病菌具有较好拮抗效果的木霉菌株,从河南省各烟区烟草根茎类病害发生较重烟田健康烟株的根际土壤中共分离获得疑似木霉菌28株,通过平板对峙培养,筛选出菌株XYPQ-1、ZMD-1和XYLS-5对烟草疫霉菌具有较强抑制作用,5 d后抑菌率达90％以上.利用分子生物学方法分别将其鉴定为绿木霉菌(Trichoderma virens)、拟康宁木霉菌(Trichoderma koningiopsis)和近渐绿木霉菌(Trichoderma paraviridescens).对其代谢物抑菌活性及防病促生效果进行了初步研究,结果表明,3种木霉菌产生的挥发性和非挥发性代谢物均对疫霉菌具有明显的抑制作用,其中XYLS-5的抑制效果最好,处理后5 d,其挥发性和非挥发性代谢产物的抑菌率分别达61.71％和100.00％.3种木霉菌对烟草黑胫病均具有较好的室内防效,其中XYLS-5的防效最高,达80％以上,且具有促进烟草种子萌发和根系生长的作用,可作为烟草黑胫病生物防治的拮抗菌加以开发应用.

为明确豫中烟田杂草种类和群落特征,进而有效防控烟田杂草,对豫中烟田杂草进行了系统调查.结果表明:①豫中烟田杂草共有34种,属16科,其中菊科种类最多,占比为26.47％,其次为禾本科,占比为14.71％.②烟草团棵期共有29种烟田杂草,其中反枝苋、田旋花的相对多度是88.96％和56.96％,为该时期烟田杂草的优势种;铁苋菜、马齿苋、牛筋草、小酸浆、狗尾草、香附子、地锦、刺儿菜、醴肠、马唐的相对多度在11.50％～32.98％之间,为该时期烟田杂草的相对优势种.③烟草成熟期共有32种烟田杂草,其中反枝苋、牛筋草、马齿苋相对多度分别是75.91％、60.74％和59.30％,为该时期烟田杂草的优势种;狗尾草、铁苋菜、小酸浆、地锦、醴肠、香附子的相对多度在11.41％～30.30％之间,为该时期烟田杂草的相对优势种.

为实现烟叶生产全过程的信息化和精细化管理,采用MVC 3层架构与物联网技术,构建基于“互联网+”的烟叶生产标准化管理系统平台.该平台主要包括网格管理员APP端和各级管理人员PC端,分别用于网格管理员采集烟叶生产各生育期的信息和各层级管理人员掌握、决策生产.通过固化流程、简化程序、强化执行,推进烟叶生产各项技术标准体系的落地,实现烟叶生产从规范化到信息化的转变.系统在实际应用中可有效降低人力资源成本.

As a big tobacco country, the amount of tobacco waste produced in China each year can't be ignored.Resourceful utilization of tobacco waste is not only an effective way to achieve sustainable development of tobacco industry, but it is also a practical demand to implement the country's green production methods and accelerate the improvement of the ecological environment.Based on research literature at home and abroad, the resourceful utilization status of tobacco waste was reviewed, and the existing problems and suggestions were discussed.

为明确近年来河南省烟草病毒病的种类及分布状况,利用9种病毒血清通过酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）对2015—2017年间河南11个烟叶产区的566份病毒病样品进行了系统检测。结果表明,河南烟区病毒病总检出率为96.47%;烟草花叶病毒（Tobacco mosaic virus, TMV）、黄瓜花叶病毒（Cucumber mosaic virus, CMV）、烟草蚀纹病毒（Tobacco etch virus, TEV）、马铃薯Y病毒（Potato virus Y, PVY）和烟草脉带花叶病毒（Tobacco vein banding mosaic virus, TVBMV）5种病毒在河南烟区危害最为严重,且TMV已发展为河南烟区病毒的优势种。全省侵染类型中单一病毒侵染率为34.63%,TMV的单一病毒侵染率最高,为26.86%;两种及以上病毒复合侵染率为61.84%,复合侵染主要存在5种类型,即TMV+CMV、TMV+CMV+TEV、TMV+TEV+PVY、TMV+TEV+TVBMV、TMV+CMV+TEV+PVY,侵染率分别为18.73%、3.36%、3.89%、5.83%和7.24%。因此,河南省11个烟叶产区的主要病毒种类确定为TMV、CMV、TEV、PVY和TVBMV,侵染类型为TMV+CMV、TMV+CMV+TEV、TMV+TEV+PVY,TMV+TEV+TVBMV、TMV+CMV+TEV+PVY。

[目的]明确凹凸棒土不同施用方式对烤烟产量和品质的影响.[方法]以中烟100为材料,在汝州市烟草科技园,设置4个处理,研究烤烟不同生育时期的生长指标及烤后烟叶的经济性状、化学成分及感官质量.[结果]在起垄前撒施凹凸棒土和垄脊开沟条施凹凸棒土烟叶的农艺性状优于常规施肥,凹凸棒土在移栽时一次性穴施的效果比常规施肥的效果差;起垄前撒施凹凸棒土的产值、均价和产量均最高,化学成分协调;移栽时一次性穴施凹凸棒土的评吸质量最好.[结论]凹凸棒在起垄前撒施处理的各项指标表现较优.

The quality and safety improvement of tobacco leaf is very important to the development of tobacco industry.It is of significance to improve the quality and safety of tobacco leaf by reducing chemical pesticide usage and implementing the green prevention and control technology of tobacco diseases and pest insects.The green prevention and control technology of tobacco diseases and pest insects mainly includes agricultural ecological regulation and control, physical and chemical inducement, biological control, and precise pesticide application, and its application in tobacco production has obtained certain efficiencies up to now.This paper summarizes the application status of green prevention and control technology in tobacco production, and discusses how to better popularize and apply this technology to the production of tobacco in the future.

为科学规划云南省曲靖市烟草种植,运用基于变异系数法的灰色关联决策模型,对曲靖市9个县市的13项化学指标进行分析.结果表明:9个县市的化学成分综合优属度排序为:宣威县＞富源县＞会泽县＞罗平县＞麒麟县＞师宗县＞沾益县＞马龙县＞陆良县.说明宣威县的烟叶品质最佳,陆良县的烟叶品质则与理想品质相距最远.

一、材料与方法<br>　　（一）试验设计<br>　　试验于2013年在平顶山市宝丰县肖旗乡贺岭村进行，每个品种种植面积为0.2hm2。供试土壤为褐土，土壤养分含量分别为：有机质含量为1.67g?kg-1，速效氮93.6mg?kg-1，速效磷14.35mg?kg-1，速效钾92.1mg?kg-1，pH值为7.52。施氮量为4kg/667m2，N：P：K=1：2：3。供试品种为K326、云烟85，于4月25日移栽，行距1.1m，株距0.5m，田间种植管理按照优质烤烟栽培技术进行。

采用盆栽的方法,研究了不同水分处理对烟草叶片解剖结构的影响.结果表明:不同水分处理对烟草叶片解剖结构的影响显著,但幼叶和成熟叶片对水分胁迫的响应不同.水分胁迫下烟草幼叶叶片结构紧密,栅海比增大,叶片厚度、表皮厚度、栅栏组织厚度均降低;而成熟叶的栅栏组织,海绵组织、表皮厚度均增加,且细胞排列疏松,栅海比减小.

The basic conditions,climatic factors,soil nutrients and quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves in Baofeng tobacco-growing area were analyzed. The number of frost-free period was 204- 248 days,the accumulated temperature above 10℃ was 4 681. 3- 5 247. 5 ℃,the number of days with an average daily temperature above 20 ℃ was about 122- 152 d in Baofeng tobacco-growing areas where there was sufficient sunlight and plentiful rainfall satisfying the climate requirements necessary for the growth and development of high quality flue-cured tobacco.The characteristics of soil nutrient contents in tobacco fields were analyzed,the content of organic substance and available nitrogen were high,the contents of available phosphorus and potassium were suitable and the content of chorine was low. Tobacco leaves of Baofeng had reasonable chemical component and chemical compositions were apt. However,the coordination of the chemical composition in tobacco leaves was inferior to the high quality Zimbabwe tobacco.

We analyzed the climatic status during flue -cured tobacco growth in Pingdingshan area , evaluated the climatic fea-sibility to flue-cured tobacco transplanted on different dates in this area through quantitatively estimating climatic feasibility index (CFI), and analyzed the similarity of climatic feasibility in this area to that in foreign high -quality tobacco-growing areas.The results indicated that:(1) The field temperature met the requirements of high -quality tobacco leaf to air temperature when the transplanting date was after April 30th.The active accumulated temperature which was greater than or equal to 10 ℃and the sun-shine duration at field tobacco growth stage in 7 transplanting date treatments all were quite propitious to the growth of fine tobacco leaves.The rainfall at the stages of root elongation and vigorous growth in different treatments conformed to the demands of good -quality flue-cured tobacco to moisture , but the rainfall in mature period was relatively more .( 2 ) As the transplanting date was postponed, CFI increased firstly and then declined , and that in the treatment of transplanting on May 5th was the highest.(3) When the tobacco seedlings were transplanted on May 5th, May 15th or May 10th in Pingdingshan area, the climatic feasibility to flue-cured tobacco in this area was very similar to that in America , Brazil and Zimbabwe .

2012年，河南省平顶山市烟草公司为保证烟叶原料的持续稳定供应，在上海烟草（集团）公司平顶山烟叶基地单元内开展了烟叶优质特色的成因与调控措施研究。该研究分别从环境条件、品种、生产措施、烘烤工艺4个方面对烟叶质量风格的影响进行4大项10余个子项目的试验，从而筛选出平顶山烟区浓香质量风格的主要影响因素，形成适应上海卷烟工业品牌配方需要的浓香特色烟叶生产配套技术，进而为基地单元建设工作提供技术支撑。本试验研究的是不同采收成熟度对烤烟品质的影响。

Phosphorus is an essential macronutrient for the life activities of tobacco .Phosphorus plays key roles in tobacco growth and quality formation.Phosphorus absorption and transport of tobacco are mainly carried out by the phosphorus -transporting protein in different families.The recent research advances of the high -efficient phosphate nutrient status in tobacco , and the clo-ning, expression and regulation of phosphorus -transporting protein genes in tobacco were reviewed , and the future research direc-tions were prospected.