【Objective】The study aims to explore the traits and their correlation of soil and chemical constituents of tobacco leaves in Meizhou tobacco production area of Guangdong, and explore the key soil factors affecting the chemical quality of tobacco leaves.【Method】48 tobacco-planting soil and the corresponding middle and upper flue-cured tobacco leaves were collected to analysis the traits of soil and chemical constituents of tobacco leaves. Stepwise regression analysis was used to explore the key soil factors influencing the chemical constituents of tobacco leaves.【Result】In the tobacco-growing soil of Meizhou tobacco production area of Guangdong, the proportion of low soil pH value accounts for 64.58%, the content of organic matter (SOM) and water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) are rich, the appropriate proportion of total nitrogen (TN) content accounts for 68.75%, the rich and extremely rich proportion of total phosphorus (TP) content accounts for 70.83%, the deficient and extremely deficient proportion of total potassium (TK) content accounts for 68.75%, and the rich and extremely rich proportion of available nitrogen (AN), available phosphorus (AP) and available potassium (AK) account for 97.92%, 91.76% and 79.17%, respectively. The content of total sugar, starch and sugar alkali ratio in the middle tobacco leaves were higher, accounting for 91.67%, 100% and 66.67% respectively; the content of total sugar, reducing sugar and starch in the upper tobacco leaves were higher, accounting for 87.50%, 75.00%, 100% and 56.25% respectively; the content of nicotine was lower, accounting for 47.92%. The results of principal component analysis showed that sugar alkali ratio, total nitrogen, nicotine, total sugar and reducing sugar content were the main indicators for evaluating the chemical constituents of middle tobacco leaves, and reducing sugar, sugar alkali ratio, total sugar and nicotine were the main indicators for evaluating the chemical constituents of upper tobacco leaves. Comprehensive chemical quality of middle tobacco leaves was positively correlated with soil AK content, nicotine content in middle tobacco leaves is negatively correlated with soil AK content, the contents of total sugar, reducing sugar and starch in middle tobacco leaves and starch in upper tobacco leaves are negatively correlated with the content of soil WSOC, the content of reducing sugar in upper tobacco leaves is positively correlated with soil AP; the comprehensive chemical quality of upper tobacco leaves was negatively correlated with soil AP content, and positively correlated with soil AK content and pH value.【Conclusion】Improving the soil pH value, AK and WSOC content and reducing the AP content in soil is beneficial to improve the quality of Meizhou tobacco leaves.

为探究不同海拔条件下植烟土壤真菌群落结构特征,以及驱动真菌群落的主要生态因子,选取3个不同海拔高度ZL(800 m)、ZS(1000 m)、ZH(1200 m)的烤烟成熟期根际土壤,采用18S rRNA高通量测序对土壤真菌进行分析.结果表明,中低海拔土壤pH值和速效养分含量显著高于高海拔;中低海拔土壤真菌α多样性显著低于高海拔土壤;3个海拔条件下土壤优势菌门为子囊菌门、担子菌门和毛霉菌门等,其中,1200 m海拔担子菌门的丰度较800 m海拔提高了100.00％;1000 m海拔捕虫霉门的相对丰度相较于1200 m海拔提高了238.26％;聚类热图分析结果表明,担子菌门、Aphelidea与微生物量氮含量呈显著或极显著正相关,与速效钾含量和土壤温度呈显著负相关;芽枝霉门与pH值呈显著正相关,与微生物量碳氮比呈极显著正相关;捕虫霉门与碱解氮含量呈显著负相关;FUNGuild分析结果表明,1000 m海拔土壤腐生营养型真菌相对丰度最高,达30.79％;1200 m海拔病理营养型真菌丰度最高,达4.45％.烤烟成熟期根际土壤真菌多样性在不同海拔条件下表现出显著差异,土壤温度、速效钾含量和微生物量氮含量是引起土壤真菌群落结构及多样性变异的主要生态因子.

为掌握广东中烟在云南原料基地调拨的烟叶质量,对2015—2019年云南红河、曲靖、文山、普洱4个烟区的烟叶化学成分和感官质量进行评价.结果表明,不同基地不同年份C3F和B2F等级烟叶的内在化学成分、感官质量以及综合品质均有不同程度的变化.4个原料基地的烟叶化学成分年际间波动较大,烟叶感官质量和综合品质不同年度间表现较为稳定,烟叶综合品质表现为,普洱安定基地较为稳定,红河东山、曲靖阿岗基地次之,文山珠琳基地变化较大.

针对南雄晒黄烟种植现状与开发利用情况,该文介绍了南雄晒黄烟的种植情况、内在质量、工业利用以及栽培调制技术,阐述了南雄晒黄烟发展过程中存在的生产流通无序、栽培调制技术粗放、抗自然风险能力弱、科研投入与工业利用研究不足等问题,并从制定分级与收购标准、提高晒黄烟生产的规模化与标准化、加大科研经费投入、深化晒黄烟工业应用研究等方面提出了南雄晒黄烟的发展建议.

[目的]筛选出适宜广东种植的晒黄烟品种.[方法]对大叶青梗、81-26、小叶青梗3个晒黄烟新品种进行大田试验,调查研究其农艺性状、经济性状、物理性状、化学成分、感官质量等各指标的差异.[结果]3个参试的晒黄烟品种中,81-26农艺性状较好,株高、茎围、最大叶面积优于其他品种;大叶青梗经济性状表现最佳,产量、产值分别为1612.56 kg/hm2、78483.30元/hm2,显著优于81-26与小叶青梗,并且外观质量表现最好.小叶青梗总糖与还原糖含量最高,81-26总植物碱与全钾含量较高,不同晒黄烟品种化学成分均较为协调.工业评价方面,81-26的含梗率低,工业利用性好;大叶青梗评吸质量最佳,具体表现为浓度适中、香气饱满、杂气少.[结论]3个晒黄烟品种中,大叶青梗最适宜在广东南雄种植.

High-throughput sequencing of root zoon soil of tobacco K326 of treatments with original soil(OEE), no biochar and biochar of 0.75, 1.5, 2.25 t/ha were done, and the diversity and composition of bacteria were analyzed, so as to provide reference for improvement of mountain soils by biochar.The results showed that, compared with CK, Chao1, Shannon indices of treatments with biochar decreased, the community abundances of Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, Armatimonadetes increased, the community abundance of Acidobacteria decreased, the community abundance of Saccharibacteria, Gemmatimonadetes and Actinobacteria changed with the application rates of biochar.There was higher similarity for dominant phyla composition among treatments with biochar, but lower between OEE and treatments with biochar, the similarity for dominant phyla composition between CK and treatments with biochar was higher than that between OEE and treatments with biochar.

In order to find out the effects of storage condition on smoking quality of paper-process reconstituted tobacco,the experiment was conducted to study the change of the smoking quality on some brand paper-process reconstituted tobacco un-der the different storage places,different storage time and packaging methods. The results showed that the storage time had a significant effect on strength,smoke concentration,aroma quality,miscellaneous gases,aftertaste. The packaging methods had a significant effect on strength,smoke concentration,aroma quality,volumes of aroma. The storage places had a significant effect on smoke concentration,aroma quality. It was suggested that the paper-process reconstituted tobacco should be packed with lined bag, and the storage time was for six months, and should be best stored in a relatively constant temperature and hu-midity(temperature:(22±2)℃; humidity:(60±5)℃).

The effects of planting density and remained leaf number on agronomic traits and chemical composition of K326, a flue-cured tobacco variety, are studied by a field test to discuss the relationships between quality flue-cured tobacco production and population density, remained leaf number in mountainous area of Western Hunan.Results: The planting density and remained leaf number have the significant influence on agronomic traits of flue-cured tobacco plants and the great influence on chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco plants.The total sugar, reducing sugar content and sugar/nicotine ratio of flue-cured tobacco leaves with different position increase with increase of planting density when the remained leaf number is 20.The sugar/nicotine ratio of flue-cured tobacco leaves is the highest (16.28) when the planting density is 18 518 plants/hm2 and its chemical composition harmony and leaf quality are the best among all treatments.The population structure including 18 518 plants/hm2 of planting density, 120 cm×45 cm of row spacing and 20 remained leaves is suitable for flue-cured tobacco production in flue-cured tobacco-growing area of Western Hunan.

为了考察造纸法再造烟叶仓储过程中常规化学指标的变化,分别在标准库存及广东中烟的广州、梅州、韶关等典型仓库,采用纸箱包装、纸箱+内衬袋、纸箱+真空、纸箱+充氮等包装方式对某品牌造纸法再造烟叶进行储存,跟踪样品水溶性糖、总氮、总植物碱等常规化学指标,并分析各指标随储存地点、包装方式和储存时间的变化情况,以期掌握其在不同仓储条件下的变化情况,为再造烟叶的仓储以及工业应用提供技术依据.结果表明:(1)再造烟叶水溶性糖、总氮、总植物碱等指标有变化但与标样差异不大;(2)储存方式为:纸箱+内衬袋＞纸箱+充氮＞纸箱+真空＞纸箱;储存地区为:梅州＞标准＞广州＞韶关;储存时间为:3个季度＞2个季度＞4个季度＞1个季度;(3)依据企业生产成本控制,可任意选择某地储存,选择以纸箱+内衬袋为主的储存包装方式,其储存时间选择2或3个季度为佳.

采用盆栽的方法,研究了不同水分处理对烟草叶片解剖结构的影响.结果表明:不同水分处理对烟草叶片解剖结构的影响显著,但幼叶和成熟叶片对水分胁迫的响应不同.水分胁迫下烟草幼叶叶片结构紧密,栅海比增大,叶片厚度、表皮厚度、栅栏组织厚度均降低;而成熟叶的栅栏组织,海绵组织、表皮厚度均增加,且细胞排列疏松,栅海比减小.

The Y-P22 was identified as Brevundimonas diminuta based on morphological characteristics, physiological and biochemical characteristics and 16S rDNA sequence. The strain was isolated from the tobacco phyllosphere. It can produce cytokinin. The results of field experiment and tobacco sensory evaluation showed that the strain could effectively improve the availability of tobacco and the quality of tobacco.

为筛选“双喜”品牌需求的南雄基地单元烤烟品种,在南雄黄坑进行小区试验和生产试验.结果表明,NX232、粤烟97长势较强,叶片较大,经济性状、抗病性较好,内在质量中等至较好；K326田间长相一般,长势中等,抗病性较好,经济性状稍差,烟叶内在质量较好；K326LF、KRK26品种存在明显的缺陷,不适合大面积推广.

把住源头,加强烟叶采购质量管理,实现对的计划衔接、烟叶交接、烟叶运输等烟叶采购环节的全面控制,是现阶段确保烟叶质量的行之有效的方法,是确保卷烟产品质量的有效途径。加强烟叶采购质量管理应抓好以下几方面工作:提高采购从业人员的素质,建立质量跟踪体系,选择优秀的供应商。