[目的]探究一定流域范围内土地利用类型及社会经济因子对河流水质的影响情况.[方法]使用2012—2015年广元市嘉陵江、白龙江和南河的水质监测数据,选取5个分析指标,利用单因子指数与土地利用数据和社会经济数据进行回归分析,探讨土地利用类型与经济数据对河流水质的影响倾向,选取最优模型进行情景预测.[结果]①广元市2012—2015年区域河流水质较好,期间河流水质根据回归模型模拟结果与实际无显著差异,回归模型能够基本反映出广元市河流水质的实际变化趋势.②CODMn、BOD5、NH4+-N的影响因子均包括年末实有耕地,且都呈负相关;CODCr与人口密度呈现负相关;TP与草地面积呈负相关;BOD5影响因子除了年末实有耕地面积外还有农业设施用地面积,并且与农业设施用地面积呈正相关.③土地利用类型对CODMn、BOD5、NH4+-N、TP均有影响,CODCr受到社会经济因子的影响,其中土地利用类型变化对河流水质影响作用比社会经济因子更显著.④增加年末实有耕地面积、减少农业设施用地面积、增加人口密度的情况下能使水质更好.[结论]在考量河流水质的影响因子时应当综合考虑土地利用类型和社会经济因子.

为探讨交警工作环境大气PM2.5个体暴露水平,现场监测交警大气PM25个体暴露浓度,同时采集个体暴露大气PM2.5样品,分析样品的化学成分并对部分元素进行健康风险评价.结果 表明,交警大气PM2.5个体暴露浓度为74.4μg/m3,明显高于大气环境浓度42.2 μg/m3;交警PM2.5个体暴露浓度与风速、湿度负相关,与温度存在一定程度上的正相关,降雨能降低PM2.5个体暴露浓度.应用健康风险评价模型发现Mn对交警存在非致癌风险,风险指数为2.48;Cr对交警存在致癌风险,风险指数为1.58×10-3,应予以重视.

随着经济的快速发展,人民生活质量的提高,生活垃圾的数量也随之剧增.目前,生活垃圾的处理形式仍然主要为混合处理,该方式难以满足减量化、资源化、无害化等有关需求.因此,强化生活垃圾的处理和处置已成为当今垃圾处理工作的主要内容之一.本文将通过对学校垃圾成分分析及垃圾分类银行的实践,探索治理及实现垃圾三化(减量化、资源化、无害化)的有效机制,以期将有效机制扩大推行至社区,进而推广到社会.结果显示:(1)学校的可回收垃圾主要包括纸质类、塑料类、金属类.(2)简单的有偿机制并不能带动所有人进行垃圾分类,垃圾分类的运营需要建立在强化环保意识的基础上.(3)目前校园垃圾分类仍没有全面落实到行动上,但是大家对垃圾分类回收的支持度较高且愿意参与.因此,通过普及相关知识,在校园实施垃圾分类项目,并探索治理和实现垃圾三化的有效机制是可行的.

以药用植物车前为研究材料,采用Li-6400便携式光合仪测定了其光响应曲线、CO2响应曲线及相关生理参数,并运用5种模型探讨了拟合车前光响应曲线及CO2响应曲线的最适模型,同时研究了光合参数对净光合速率(Pn)的影响.结果表明,直角双曲线改进模型是拟合车前光响应曲线的最适模型,其R2为0.999;改进指数模型是拟合CO2响应曲线的最适模型,其R2为0.998;车前的光饱和点为1808μmol·m-2·s-1、 光补偿点为24.25μmol·m-2·s-1、 最大净光合速率为20.158μmol·m-2·s-1、 暗呼吸速率为1.611μmol·m-2·s-1、表观量子效率为0.07;车前Pn与气孔导度、 蒸腾速率、 水分利用率均为极显著正相关(P<0.01),Pn与胞间CO2浓度为极显著负相关(P<0.01).试验结果为车前的生理生态研究及栽培提供了理论依据.

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured in atmospheric samples collected from urban and roadside atmospheric environments in Chengdu in September 2012. The composition, chemical reactivity, and concentration level and its variation characteristics of VOCs were studied, and the health risk of aromatic compounds was assessed. Results showed that the mean mass concentrations of total VOCs (TVOCs) were (108.57±52.43) μg·m-3 and (132.61±49.31) μg·m-3 for the urban and roadside atmospheric environments, respectively. The highest mass concentrations were observed for alkanes, followed by aromatics, alkenes, and alkynes. Aromatics and alkenes contributed more to ozone formation potential (OFP) of the urban and roadside atmospheric environments, and m/p-xylene, toluene, ethene, o-xylene, and propene were the key reactive species. The values of hazard quotient and hazard index were less than 1 for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and o-xylene (BTEX), showing that they had no appreciable risk of non-cancer health effects on the exposed population. However, the value of cancer risk was above the safety threshold for benzene, showing that it was a potential cancer risk to the exposed population.

本文探索了以西华师范大学为试点,用"互联网+环保"模式设置CUC智能固废回收终端,建立绿色公民网络低碳档案,并充分发挥高校优势,带动周围小区进行塑料清洁回收利用问题.阶段性结果表明该项目具有可行性,对倡导绿色低碳生活、促进垃圾分类回收利用、引导全民进行低碳绿色生活具有一定的现实意义.

本文通过对城市道路建设过程中噪声污染源的调查以及噪声产生的特点,对建筑施工场产生噪声污染的施工机械进行打油处理,通过对施工机械打油前后噪声值的测定,对得出数据运用SPSS软件处理得出其前后的差异性,由此得出在对建筑施工场地的施工机械进行打油处理后能够降低噪声污染,并通过对其分析给出建筑施工场噪声污染的防治措施及建议.

当代大学生是环保事业的继承者、管理者和实施者,其环保道德意识、行为等综合素质的高低对我国环境和经济的可持续性发展起着重要的作用.通过问卷调查了解师范院校学生的环保意识及行为情况,结果表明:专业、年级和文理科的不同对学生的环保意识、 行为存在一定程度的影响;环境专业的学生明确环保目的,其环保意识、行为等明显高于非环境专业的学生.

The bacterial diversity in Longmen mountain seismic belt was analyzed by using 16S rDNA Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) technique and soil physical and chemical properties were measured.The results showed that there were significant differences in soil physical and chemical properties among different soil samples.Among three vegetation types (Miscellaneous forest,Bamboo forest and Pine forest),the value of soil pH and the content of soil total nitrogen were the highest in miscellaneous forest but the lowest in Bamboo forest.The contents of soil available nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium and organic matter were higher in miscellaneous forest than that in Bamboo forest,while they were the lowest in Pine forest.Sequencing analysis results for DGGE of 11 dominant bands (band A ～ K) showed that bands A,C,D,F,G and H belonged to Proteobacteria,bands E,J and K belonged to Acidobacteria,band B belonged to Actinobacteria and Strip I pertained to Armatimonadetes.About 54.55％ of total bacteria belonged to Proteobacteria,which indicates that the soil dominant bacteria in Longmen mountain seismic zone was Proteobacteria.The pearson correlation (r) between bacterial community diversity and physicochemical properties showed that the main environmental factors affecting the diversity of bacterial community were available potassium,organic matter and pH,respectively,in the miscellaneous forest (r =0.80,P ＞ 0.05),the bamboo forest (r =0.97,P ＞ 0.05) and the pine forest (r =0.35,P ＞ 0.05),which indicated that the bacterial communities in different vegetation types in Longmen mountain seismic zone had different requirements for soil physical and chemical properties.The earthquakes destroyed soil structure and changed soil physical and chemical properties,which would lead to the change of soil bacterial community diversity.The study of soil bacterial diversity in Longmen mountain seismic belt has provided a scientific basis for the reconstruction of the disaster area and the ecosystem-sustainable development in Longmen mountain seismic zone.

以地果为实验材料,利用LI-6400XT光合测定系统对自然条件下地果的生理指标进行了测定,并用SPSS19.0软件分析了地果的光合生理特征参数和环境因子日变化的相关性,为实现地果的人工种植提供理论依据.结果表明:地果叶片的最大净光合速率(CO2)约为15.5 μmol·m-2·s-1;净光合速率和蒸腾速率日变化都呈双峰型曲线,影响净光合速率的主要环境因素有光合有效辐射和大气相对湿度.净光合速率和大气相对湿度呈正相关与胞间CO2浓度、气孔导度呈负相关.

Air pollution index (API) is used in Mainland China and includes only SO 2 , NO 2 and PM 10 . In 2016, air quality index (AQI) replaced API. AQI contains three more air pollutants (CO, O 3 and PM 2.5 ). Both the indices emphasize on the effect of a single pollutant, whereas the contributions of all other pollutants are ignored. Therefore, in the present work, a novel air quality index (NAQI), which emphasizes on all air pollutants, has been introduced for the first time. The results showed that there were 19 d (5.2%) in API, 28 d (7.7%) in AQI and 183 d (50.1%) in NAQI when the indices were more than 100. In API, PM 10 and SO 2 were regarded as the primary pollutants, whereas all five air pollutants in AQI were regarded as primary. Furthermore, four air pollutants (other than the CO) in NAQI were regarded as primary pollutants. PM 10 , as being the primary pollutant, contributed greatly in these air quality indices, and accounted for 51.2% (API), 37.0% (AQI) and 52.6% (NAQI). The results also showed that particulate matter pollution was significantly high in Luzhou, where stricter pollution control measures should be implemented.

This paper aims at providing a fundamental theory for H.scandens cultivation and the rational use of its natural resources.The photosynthetic and physiological characteristics of Humulus scandens are tested with a portable photosynthetic system of Li-6400 and its photosynthesis is fitted by five models.In addition, the influence of photosynthesis parameters on net photosynthetic rate (Pn) is explored at the same time.The results show that the modified exponential model was the optimal model for light response curves with its light saturation point (LSP) reaching1400.975μmol·m-2·s-1,light compensation point(LCP) reaching 41.009μmol·m-2·s-1,maximum net photosynthetic rate(Pmax) reaching 18.795μmol·m-2·s-1,Rd reaching-2.193μmol·m-2·s-1 and the AQY reaching 0.057.The modified exponential model also works best for CO2 response parameters fitting with CO2 saturation point (Csp) of 1 173.585μmol·mol-1 and CO2 compensation point (Γ) of 82.763μmol·mol-1.It is revealed that Pn is obviously negatively related to intercellular CO2 concentration but positively related to transpiration rate,stomatal conductance,humidity and light intensity.All these characteristics prove that H.scandens belonging to C3 plant has a high efficiency of photosynthesis in its leaves and a strong survival adaptability to cultivate.

本文以西华师范大学学生为研究对象,从节水意识、节水行为和节水相关的建议三个方面来对大学生的节水意识进行现状调查和分析,并就节水相关问题提出了一些建议和措施:落实节水方面的硬件设备和相关管理措施;加强节水意识教育;增大节水宣传力度;提供节水实践体验机会.

Global climate change could exacerbate biological invasions by changing competitive interactions,and hence,threaten ecosystem biodiversity and stability.Replacement control,which relies on the growth advantage of native plants,is one of the most effective methods to suppress invasion.In the present study,distinctive photosynthetic responses to warming of invasive (Alternanthera philoxeroides) and native (Sambucus chinensis) plants were compared to determine the invasive potential of alien plants,and to screen native species for replacement control under climate change scenarios.Plants were grown in two different air temperatures (unwarmed or ambient temperature and warmed at (0.76±0.10)℃ by using an infrared heater) for a 5-month short-term period,and photosynthetic pigment concentrations and gas exchange characteristics were determined.The results showed that warming significantly and positively improved the chlorophyll a/b ratio by 6.21％ in A.philoxeroides (P＜0.01),but negatively by 5.55％ in S.chinensis (P＜0.05).Meanwhile,chlorophyll b,rather than both chlorophyll a and carotenoid,was significantly higher in S.chinensis than in A.philoxeroides,at ambient (P＜0.001)and increased temperatures (P＜0.05).Increased temperatures significantly increased the net photosynthetic rate by 9.23％ in A.philoxeroides (P＜0.01),but decreased the water use efficiency by 10.64％ (P＜0.01) due to a respective increase in stomatal conductance by 11.10％ (P ＜ 0.05) and transpiration rate by 21.46％ (P ＜ 0.001).In contrast,increased temperatures significantly enhanced stomatal conductance by 10.95％ in S.chinensis (P＜0.001),but had no effect on other gas exchange traits.Under the control conditions,the stomatal conductance and intercellular CO2 concentration were 7.03％ (P＜0.05) and 4.57％ (P＜0.001) higher,but the net photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency were 10.30％ (P＜0.001) and 11.92％ (P＜0.05) lower in A.philoxeroides than in S.chinensis,respectively.However,under increased temperatures no significant differences in net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance were observed between the two plant species.In contrast,under increased temperatures,water use efficiency was 26.45％ higher in S.chinensis than in A.philoxeroides (P＜0.001),possibly because of lower transpiration rates in S.ehinensis.Increased temperatures,species,and their interactions did not have significant effects on photosynthetic-light curve parameters.In general,S.chinensis had a stronger photosynthetic capacity than the invasive A.philoxeroides in terms of chlorophyll b content,net photosynthetic rate,and water use efficiency,especially in control conditions.However,the photosynthetic advantage of S.chinensis was eliminated with increased temperatures.Collectively,our results suggested that S.chinensis could potentially be used in ecological restoration to replace A.philoxeroides in invaded habitats.

2016年4月,从四川省南充市嘉陵区猫儿山垃圾填埋场采集土壤样品,运用PCR-DGGE法鉴定垃圾填埋场的土壤细菌.结果表明:DGGE指纹图谱中条带数较少,比较之后选择鉴定Band 1.将Band 1的测序结果与GenBank数据库中已有的土壤细菌进行BLAST比对,序列相似性为84%,鉴定出Band 1所代表的不可培养细菌属于酸杆菌门,并根据鉴定结果做出进化树.

Environmental issue is still severe even though our government and the public paid great attention to environmental protection and ecological civilization construction.Besides enhancing environmental legal enforcement,investment and innovation of environmental protection,the environmental education and popular science is generally considered to be the most effective way of environmental protection.Normal universities should support environmental education and popular science positively,because there are a lot of resources with respect to education and environmental protection.The university has hold a variety of activities related to environmental education,however,it also expose that universities don't have enough enthusiasm and investment.

资源水利的不足对农业所带来的巨大损失是毋庸置疑的。珍惜现有资源水利与发展节水农业是实现农业可持续发展的具有战略性高度的必然选择。本文在分析我国资源水利现状和问题的基础上，阐述了节水农业的基本概念和重大意义，对资源水利与节水农业的可持续发展提出了几点策略。

The forest communities of the Dongyang Gou Natural Reserve could be divided into 6 types by the method of cluster analysis system and the structural features of each community were introduced.The population structure of each dominant population was analyzed by population structure development and population survival curve.We have found the populations of Pinus armandi,Picea braehytyla,Rhododendron augustinii,Cunninghamia Lanceolata,Phoebe neurantha+ Cyclobalanopsis glauca var.gracilis are declining populations and Cyclobalanopsis glauca var.gracilis populations were growing population.Based on the above results,we can conclude that most forest communities in the Dongyang Gou Natural Reserve are declining and the protection of these populations should be strengthened to ensure its stable development.