This paper is concerned with the controller design problem for discrete-time T-S fuzzy systems with partially unknown membership functions. If the membership functions are partially unknown, then the existing stabilization conditions which are based on the parallel distributed compensator (PDC) strategy cannot be applied. To tackle this problem, a new type of fuzzy controller is proposed to close the feedback loop. Based on this new type fuzzy controller, some sufficient stabilization conditions, including membership-function-dependent and independent conditions, are given in the form of LMIs. Finally, two examples are given to illustrate the the effectiveness of the proposed fuzzy controller design approaches.

"课程思政"是高校教育的内在要求和必然选择.医学生理学是重要的基础医学理论学科.讲"生命之道理"引"思想之正途"是时代对每一个生理学教师提出的新要求.本文以一堂课程思政示范课为例,探索思政素材的挖掘路径与融入技巧,并通过学生调查问卷评估此次课程思政效果.在本教研室阶段性实践经验的基础上,反思、总结"课程思政"融入生理学教学的设计、实施方法与注意事项,以期为基础医学课程有效开展"课程思政"提供理论依据和创新视角.

Calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) is a G-protein coupled receptor which senses extracellular calcium. CaSR plays an important role in maintaining the calcium homeostasis of the body by combining calcium ions and activating avarious intracellular patways, and may be related to the occurrence and development of certain diseases of the female reproductive system. In the present study, we mainly summarized the role of CaSR in the female reproductive system diseases. Key words: Calcium sensing receptor; Ca2+; Female; Reproductive system

微课是教育技术向信息化和数字化发展的产物,是符合信息时代特征和教育教学规律的新型教学资源.微课"小"而"精",短时但有效,赋予教学新的生命力,同时也对教师提出了全新的挑战.文章以"小脑对运动的调控"微课为例,探讨生理学微课的设计与构建思路,以期在教学应用中达到最佳的效果.

生理学是医学生接触的第一门功能学课程,理论性强,内容抽象,机制复杂.文章结合生理学的学科特点,通过教学实践反思,从教师的个人魅力、教学方法的设计等方面入手,分析探讨如何建立轻松愉悦的学习气氛,提高学生的学习兴趣并将其作为学习生理学的内在驱动力.

生理学是研究生物体及其各组成部分功能活动和规律的科学,是一门重要的基础医学理论学科.大班授课目前仍然是大多数高校临床医学、药学等专业生理学授课的主要形式.生理学大班授课多采用以教师讲授为主的传统教学,课堂气氛沉闷,教学效果不理想.而在传统教学的基础上融入案例式、情景式等多元化教学模式,将事半功倍地提高生理学大班授课的教学效果.

Objective To study the clinical effects of hydromorphone combined with flurbiprofen axetil for postoperative analgesia in lower extremity surgery.Methods Ninety patients undergoing lower extremity surgery combined spinal-epidural anesthesia were randomly divided into three groups:SF group (sufentanil 2 ～ 3 μg/kg);H group (hydromorphone 0.12 ～ 0.14 mg/kg);KH group(hydromorphone 0.12 mg/kg + flurbiprofen axetil 50 mg).The VAS score,nausea,vomiting,respiratory depression and digestive tract bleeding were recorded at 2 h,6 h,12 h,24 h and 48 h after surgery respectively.Results None of the three groups had vomiting,respiratory depression and digestive tracthemorrhage.Compared with SF group,the incidence of nausea were decreased in H and KH groups (P ＜ 0.05).The number of effective analgesia pump pressure in KH group were less than SF and H groups(P ＜0.05).Compared with SF and H groups,the VAS score was significantly decreased in KH group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The effect of hydromorphone combined flurbiprofen axetil postoperative analgesia in lower extremity surgery are good,has less adverse reaction,and is a safe and effective method for postoperative analgesia.

生理学是执业医师资格考试重要的科目.本文总结了提高医师资格考试生理学成绩的方法,包括及时更新生理学教学大纲,提高教师对医师资格考试的重视和引导,以及加快生理学网络平台建设,使医学生从基础医学阶段就尽早重视医师考试,对后续基础及临床医师考试科目的学习也非常必要,将有助于医师资格考试通过率的提升.

G protein‐coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) is identified as a critical estrogen receptor, in addition to the classical estrogen receptors ERα and ERβ. In ERα‐negative ovarian cancer cells, our previous studies have found that estrogen stimulated cell proliferation and metastasis via GPER. However, the ligand‐independent function of GPER in ovarian cancer cells is still not clear. Herein, we describe that GPER has a co‐expression with ERα and ERβ, which are first determined in SKOV3 ovarian cancer cell line. In the absence of estrogen, GPER depletion by specific siRNA inhibits the proliferation, migration and invasion of SKOV3 cells. Whereas abrogation of ERα or ERβ by specific antagonist MPP and PHTPP has the opposite effects for stimulation of cell growth. Markedly, GPER knockdown attenuates MPP or PHTPP‐induced cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Furthermore, GPER modulates protein expression of the cell cycle critical components, c‐fos and cyclin D1 and factors for cancer cell invasion and metastasis, matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP‐2) and MMP‐9. These findings establish that GPER ligand‐independently stimulates the proliferation, migration and invasion of SKOV3 cells. Knockdown of GPER attenuates the progression of ovarian cancer that caused by functional loss of ERα or ERβ. Targeting GPER provides new aspect as a potential therapeutic strategy in ovarian cancer. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

G蛋白偶联雌激素受体(GPER)是上世纪90年代发现的一种新型的雌激素受体,它可以独立于经典的雌激素核受体介导雌激素的多种生物学功能.GPER可通过激活EGFR和cAMP介导雌激素的快速非基因组效应,GPER还可与其它多个信号转导通路进行对话.因此,本文就GPER信号转导通路作以综述.

Medical undergraduates begin to prepare for the Medical Licensing Examination in the basic medical stage.It is very necessary for the future learning and working.Physiology is an important medical basic course.This article discussed how to combine with of examination of Medical Licensing Examination from the course syllabus,teaching content and evalua-tion system,making the undergraduate learning more targeted and initiative in order to improve the quality of physiology teaching effectively.

This paper is concerned with the problem of designing a two-degree-of-freedom (2-DOF) controller based on data. Without requiring the specific mathematical model of a plant, the parameters of stabilising controller are calculated directly from data for a linear time-invariant system. In fact, using the traditional unity feedback control, the existing results which focus on calculating stabilising PID or first-order controllers have been reported in the literature. However, there exists certain steady-state error in these approaches if the integrators are not added into the controller. In this paper, a 2-DOF controller is designed to ensure no changes in characteristic polynomial of the closed-loop systems, furthermore, in terms of a pre-specified criterion function, by applying the iterative feedback tuning technique, a local optimal performance is achieved. Especially, for the step input, through tuning the parameters of controller, the steady-state error can be reduced to zero. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of this method.

G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) is recently identified as a membrane-associated estrogen receptor that mediates non-genomic effects of estrogen. Our previous immunohistochemistry study found an association between GPER and the proliferation of epithelial ovarian cancer. However, the contributions and mechanisms of GPER in the proliferation of ovarian cancers are not clear. We have examined the role of GPER in estrogen receptor α (ERα)-negative/GPER positive OVCAR5 ovarian cancer cell line. MTT assay was used to detect cell proliferation. BrdU incorporation assay was used to measure the cells in S-phase. Protein expression of marker genes of proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis were examined by Western blot. The results showed that 17β-estradiol and selective GPER agonist G-1 stimulated the proliferation of OVCAR5 cells and increased the cells in S-phase. Both ligands upregulated the protein levels of c-fos and cyclin D1. Small interfering RNA targeting GPER or G protein inhibitor pertussin toxin (PTX) inhibited basal cell proliferation and attenuated 17β-estradiol- or G-1-induced cell proliferation. GPER mediated cell growth was also associated with the apoptosis of OVCAR5 cells. These findings suggest that GPER has an important function in the proliferation of ovarian cancer cells lacking ERα. GPER might be a promising therapeutic target in ovarian cancer.

In this paper, the problem of quadratic stabilization conditions for T-S (Takagi-Sugeno) fuzzy systems has been studied. A new quadratic stability condition for Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy control systems is proposed. The condition is represented in the form of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) and is shown to be less conservative than some earlier relaxed quadratic stabilization conditions published in the literature. A rigorous theoretic proof is given to show that the proposed condition can include previous results as special cases. Numerical example illustrates the achieved improvements.

G protein-coupled estrogen receptors( GPERs) is a novel estrogen receptor,which is widely distributed in human tumor tissues and cell lines. GPER plays an important role in cell proliferation,invasion and migration of a variety of tumors,especially estrogen-dependent tumors. The research on the relationship between GPER and tumor will provide new approaches for tumor therapy.

G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) was identified as a new member of the estrogen receptor family in recent years. It has become apparent that GPER mediates the non-genomic signaling of 17β-estradiol (E2) in a variety of estrogen-related cancers. Our previous study has found that GPER was overexpressed in human epithelial ovarian cancer and was positively correlated with the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), which suggested GPER might promote the metastasis of ovarian cancer. However, the mechanisms underlying GPER-dependent metastasis of ovarian cancer are still not clear. In the present study, estrogen receptor α (ERα)-negative/GPER-positive OVCAR5 ovarian cancer cell line was used to investigate the role of GPER in the migration and invasion of ovarian cancer. Wound healing assay and transwell matrigel invasion assay were performed to determine the potentials of cell migration and invasion, respectively. The production and activity of MMP-9 in OVCAR5 cells were examined by Western blot and gelatin zymography analysis. The results showed that E2 and selective GPER agonist G-1 increased cell motility and invasiveness, and upregulated the production and proteolytic activity of MMP-9 in OVCAR5 cells. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting GPER and G protein inhibitor pertussin toxin (PTX) inhibited the migration and invasion of OVCAR5 cells, and also reduced the expression and activity of MMP-9. Our data suggested that GPER promoted the migration and invasion of ovarian cancer cells by increasing the expression and activity of MMP-9. GPER might play an important role in the progression of ovarian cancer.

Objective:To observe the effect of traditional Chinese medicine Yikunning on ovarian cytochrome P450 aromatase(P450arom) during perimenopausal period.Methods:Select natural aging rat models.Then randomly divide them into model group,Yikunning group,the control group of western medicine and the control group of youth.Yikunning and liviai were given to Yikunning medicine group and the control group of western medicine.Four weeks later,we detected the expression of P450arom mRNA and protein on the ovarians with the methods of iimmunohistochemistry and western blot.At the same time,we detected the estradiol(E2) level with RIA determination.Results:P450arom and protein mostly expressed positively on ovarians in Yikunning group compared with the model group,and there was a significant difference(P 0.01);Compared with the control group of western medicine,the difference did not have a statistical significance(P 0.05).Yikunning rats' serum estradiol(E2) levels increased,compared with the model group,the difference was significant(P 0.01),compared with the control group of western medicine there was no significant difference(P 0.05),but its E2 levels were still below the young-aged control group,and the difference was significant(P 0.05).Conclusion:Chinese medicine Yikunning could promote the expression of ovarian P450arom during perimenopausal period.Yikunning could raise serum estradiol(E2) level.Yikunning could promote the production of estrogen through promoting the expression of ovarian P450arom.

G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1(GPER-1) is a novel estrogen receptor,which has been found to mediate the non-genomic effects of estrogen.GPER-1 has a high affinity to natural and synthetic estrogens.It is capable of activating multiple second messengers and rapid signaling pathways,and indirectly regulates transcriptional activities of estrogens.A growing body of evidence has demonstrated that GPER-1 is involved in the tumorigenesis and progression of female reproductive malignancies.GPER-1 is overexpressed in ovarian carcinomas,and predicts the poor outcome of the disease.GPER-1 might serve as a therapeutic target in the treatment of ovarian carcinomas.In the present review,the structure,location and signaling transduction of GPER-1,and its biological functions in ovarian carcinomas were discussed,and its prospect as a new therapeutic target of ovarian carcinomas was also previewed.

Objective To investigate the effects of Soy isoflavones on the expression of liver receptor homolog-1 (LRH-1) gene within aging ovary of rats and ovarian granulosa cell cultured in vitro treated with Genistein,which is a major active component of SI.Methods The animal model of perimenopause rats was established by unforced aging,were treated by intragastric administration ( ig ) with low (50 mg/kg),moderate (158 mg/kg) and high (500 mg/kg) dose of SI for 8 weeks.Expression of LRH-1 mRNA were detected by in situ hybridization and RT-PCR,respectively.Female Wistar rats were injected subcutaneously with pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG),ovarian granulosa cells were collected and incubated for 24h,and then granulosa cells were administered with genistein (0,0.1,1,5,10,100 μmol/L) and ICI182,780( 1 μmol/L) for 24 h.LRH-1 mRNA expression levels were assessed by RT-PCR.Results Compared with the control model group ( 0.460 + 0.082 ),LRH-1 mRNA in the aging ovary(low dose 0.563 ±0.037,moderate dose 0.926 +0.127,high dose 1.223 ±0.134),were ihcreased significantly( P ＜ 0.05 ).1 ～ 10 μmol/L Genistein could increase the expression of LRH-1mRNA ( low dose 0.844 ± 0.042.Moderate dose 0.879 ± 0.056,high dose 0.882 ± 0.079 ) in the rats granulosa cells treated for 24 h ( P ＜ 0.05 ).UP - regulation of the expression of LRH-1 mRNA by 1 ～ 10 μmol/L Genistein was not in fluenced by ICI182,780 (1 μ mol/L,pretreated for 30 min).Conclusion Soy Isoflavones could up-regulate the expression of LRH-1 mRNA in aging ovaries.1 ～ 10 μmol/L Genistein could up-regulate the expressions LRH-1 mRNA of granulosa cells in rat ovaries,which was probably not mediated by classical ER pathway.