The blood samples of Small Tailed Han sheep reared in Beijing suburb area and the nucleus flock with high fecundity of Small Tailed Han sheep were collected to detect the FecB mutation of BMPR-IB gene by PCR-RFLP and analysis the effects of different BMPR-IB genotypes on litter size of the ewes in the two flocks as well as the effects of different genotypes on growth and development in offspring of the nucleus flock.The results showed that genotype frequencies of BB,B+ and ++ of BMPR-IB gene was 0.34,0.56 and 0.10 in Small Tailed Han sheep reared in Beijing suburb area,respectively,and was 0.47,0.48 and 0.05 in the core group with high fecundity,respectively.The litter size of Small Tail Han sheep reared in Beijing suburb area with BB,B+ and ++ genotypes was 2.72,2.16 and 1.74,while litter size of ewes with BB,B+ and ++ genotypes in core group was 3.20,2.57 and 2.07,respectively.Before 90 days,average daily gain(ADG) of the lambs with different genotypes reached a maximum,especially in lambs with B+ genotype.After 120 days,the growth rate of lambs with different genotypes showed no significant difference.Concerning the body size index,the growth of body length and chest circumference were more than body height in female lambs with B+ genotype which showed better growth potential.These results suggested that BMPR-IB gene was the major gene affecting litter size in Small Tail Han sheep,and was no obvious influences on growth and development.The FecB mutation could be used to breed new strain of Small Tailed Han sheep with super prolificacy,as well as to breed new sheep breeds with high prolificacy and in mutton production.

采集京郊地区小尾寒羊及小尾寒羊高繁殖力核心群母羊血样,利用PCR-RFLP方法分析2类羊群BMPR-IB基因多态性,并研究BMPR-IB基因不同基因型对小尾寒羊产羔数以及对核心群后代生长发育的影响.结果表明,京郊小尾寒羊群BMPR-IB基因BB,B+和++基因型频率分别为0.34,0.56和0.10,高繁殖力核心群BB、B+和++基因型频率分别为0.47,0.48和0.05;京郊小尾寒羊群BB、B+和++基因型个体平均产羔数分别为2.72,2.16,1.74只,核心群BB、B+和++基因型个体平均产羔数分别为3.20,2.57,2.07只；BMPR-IB不同基因型羔羊90日龄前平均日增质量(ADG)最大,B+型羔羊生长最快,120日龄后生长速度无显著差异.体尺指数研究表明,90日龄前,B+型母羔体长和胸围生长大于体高,生长潜力较大.可见,BMPR-IB基因是影响小尾寒羊产羔数的主效基因,以FecB突变进行标记辅助选择可提高核心群母羊的产羔数,BMPR-IB基因型对羔羊的生长发育无明显影响.利用BMPR-IB基因培育小尾寒羊超高繁殖力品系或高繁殖力绵羊新品种以及开展羊肉生产,都是切实可行的.

分性别对高繁殖力小尾寒羊核心群后代0～180日龄羔羊开展了生产性能测定,比较分析了不同BM-PR -IB基因型后代个体的生长发育情况.结果表明:相同饲养条件下,断奶～180日龄内,BB、B+和++三种基因型羔羊的体重相对无差异,断奶期和180日龄的日增重均分别在190 g和140 g以上；B+型小尾寒羊后代公母羊体高、体长、胸围的绝对生长相对最快；B+型母羊的管围始终最大,180日龄时BB型公羊管围最大,但++型小尾寒羊管围增长幅度最大.综合表明:在小尾寒羊高繁殖力后代核心群中,B+型小尾寒羊早期生长发育最快.建议在北京地区小尾寒羊选育中优先考虑B+型作为留种群体.

To optimize the freezing programs for canine semen,the different concentrations of ethylene glycol as protective agent were added in the conventional frozen diluted solution respectively,and compared with the groups added by glycerol as cryoprotectant.The different concentrations of ethylene glycol(2%,4%,6%,8%,10%) were added in conventional frozen diluted solution of canine semen respectively,the postthaw semen motility,the percentage of sperms with intact acrosome and the percentage of abnormality were respectively analyzed to estimate the quality of frozen semen.The sperm motility in the group with 6% ethylene glycol was 0.37,and its percentage of sperms with intact acrosome was 43%,much higher than those of the other groups(P<0.05).The percentage of abnormality of 4% ethylene glycol was 15%.6% of ethylene glycol could replace the glycerol as a cryoprotectant,and improve the effect of freezing canine sperm.

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of different concentrations of caffeine,vitamin E(VE) on the freezing semen of small tailed Han sheep.The different concentrations of caffeine and VE were added to the prefrozen sheep semen diluent in smalltailed Han sheep,then the motility rate of their postthawed semen,the percentage of sperms with intact acrosome,and the percentage of their abnormality,were respectively estimated to detect the quality of their frozen semen.The results were shown as following:While the concentration of VE was 0.4mg/mL,after freezing and thawing,the livability rate of the semen from small tailed Han sheep is high,whereas their abnormality rate is low,but the apical body percentage of sperm head is still high.Meanwhile,adding with 5mg/mL caffeine in their freezing diluents,can also obviously improve their sperm livability rate(0.35),but not affect their abnormal rate and the apical body rate.Adding appropriate concentrations of vitamin E to the frozen semen diluent,can slow the freezing of sperm damage and improve smalltailed Han sheep frozen sperm viability,improve the quality of frozen semen;When adding caffeine dilution of 5mg/mL solution,after frozeing,the motility rate was significantly increased,but does not affect the sperm deformity rate and the rate of acrosome intactness.

In order to find out some modified methods of ovine sperm capacitation in vitro,the effects of their sperm capacitation,motility,enduring durations and fertilization after respectively adding with 0,5,10,20,50 μg/mL heparin at different time (0,30,45,60,90,120 min),were compared and analyzed.The results showed that ovine sperm capacitation rate was highest (40.92%),acrosome reaction was lowest (16.59%),enduring durations were longest (18 h),and the blastula rate was highest,when adding with 10 μg/mL heparin in the capacitation medium for 45 min.The effects of capacitation when adding with caffeine or caffeine and 10 μg/mL heparin,were not as good as the effects adding with 10 μg/mL heparin alone.It can be recommended that it is applicable for improving ovine capacitation in vitro system with 10 μg/mL heparin for 45 min,caffeine don ' t cooperate with heparin to improve the rate of capacitation.

In order to investigate the fertilization In Vitro of Boer goat lamb's oocytes obtained from superovulation,(Method)16 kids aged 7-weeks-old of Boer goat were superovulated by 4 treatments with FSH,PMSG and/or CRID,and then the follicular ooeytes were collected from their ovaries surgically to execute fertilization in vitro.The results showed that: 918 follicular oocytes were obtained,and the valuable oocytes were 49,87,429 and 293 after the superovulation treatments with different injections respectively(0.01P0.05).The oocytes were fertilized in vitro with the sperm capacitated by swim up after being cultured for 24 hours in vitro.The cleavage rates after 48 h were 27%,21%,60.2%,69% respectively.The treatment with CIDR+PMSG+FSH had an advantage over method of GnRH+FSH and PMSG+FSH(P0.01).The blastocyst rates at 6 d and 10 d were 7%,6.5%,18%,13%.Treatment with CIDR+PMSG+FSH had an advantage over method of GnRH+FSH and PMSG+FSH(P0.01).These results indicated that cleavage rate and blastula rate could be obviously increased by the treatment with CIDR+PMSG+FSH and CIDR+FSH.

为摸索繁殖季节和非繁殖季节PMSG和FSH对小尾寒羊超数排卵效果的最佳剂量,本试验分别使用不同剂量的PMSG和FSH两种超排药物对小尾寒羊进行超排处理.结果表明,注射600 U、900 U和1200 U的PMSG,在繁殖季节分别可平均获得3.3、4.3和4.5个胚胎,在非繁殖季节分别可平均获得2.4、2.7和3.1个胚胎;注射3 mg、5 mg和7 mg的FSH,在繁殖季节分别可平均获得6.3、13.0和13.9个胚胎,在非繁殖季节分别可平均获得3.7、7.2和8.0个胚胎.结论:繁殖季节的超排效果优于非繁殖季节,FSH的超排效果优于PMSG,在繁殖季节和非繁殖季节FSH的适宜剂量都是5 mg.

近年来,生物学安全已受到养殖业生产者的高度重视.作者从树立生物安全观念、重视动物福利、建立生物安全体系的配套技术等方面阐述了养猪业生物安全生产的重要性、方法及策略,还介绍了现在国外流行的一些主要生物安全措施.