Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) presents significant therapeutic challenges due to chemoresistance and limited treatment modalities. Black phosphorus nanosheets (BPNSs), a novel two-dimensional nanomaterial, have shown promising antitumor effects. However, their role in inducing ferroptosis in OSCC and the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. In this study, BPNSs were prepared via liquid-phase exfoliation, and their effects on the OSCC CAL-27 cells were subsequently evaluated. In vitro, BPNSs dose-dependently inhibited CAL-27 cell proliferation, induced G2/M phase arrest, and triggered ferroptosis, indicated by increased intracellular Fe2+, ROS, and lipid peroxidation, along with decreased glutathione (GSH) levels and altered expression of ferroptosis-related proteins (ACSL4, NCOA4, and GPX4). These effects were attenuated by ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1. In vivo, BPNSs suppressed CAL-27 xenograft growth without systemic toxicity, with elevated tumor malondialdehyde (MDA) and Fe2+ confirming ferroptosis. Mechanistic studies indicated that BPNSs inhibited the PI3K-AKT pathway, leading to the downregulation of SREBP1. Overexpression of SREBP1 attenuated BPNS-induced ferroptosis, confirming its critical role. These findings suggest that BPNSs induce ferroptosis in OSCC via the PI3K-AKT-SREBP1 signaling pathway, providing a novel therapeutic strategy for OSCC treatment.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM:The socket shield technique (SST) poses a challenge in terms of precise 3-dimensional axial alignment for implant placement in the esthetic zone. PURPOSE:The purpose of this case series was to assess the clinical, radiographic, and esthetic outcomes of robot-assisted immediate implant placement (IIP) combined with the SST. MATERIAL AND METHODS:Patients with a hopeless anterior tooth underwent robot-assisted IIP combined with the SST. The deviations of the implant position were evaluated immediately postoperatively. At the last follow-up visit (6 to 14 months), bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth, marginal bone loss (MBL), pink and white esthetic score (PES and WES), and patient-reported outcomes were evaluated using a visual analog scale (VAS). RESULTS:Ten patients (6 women and 4 men, 21-53 years old) with 10 implants placed at the maxillary central incisor sites were included. The mean (95% confidence interval) global coronal deviation, apical deviation, and angular deviation of robot-assisted surgery were 0.7 (0.45, 0.99) mm, 0.79 (0.53, 1.05) mm, and 1.20 (0.88, 1.51) degrees, respectively. The mean ±standard deviation MBL was -0.06 ±0.26 mm. Esthetic evaluation yielded a median PES of 13 and a median WES of 9. Patients reported high overall satisfaction (mean VAS>80%). No intra-operative complications, implant failures, or postoperative issues were observed during the study period. CONCLUSIONS:Robot-assisted IIP with the SST demonstrated favorable outcomes in implant placement accuracy, labial bone preservation, esthetic results, and patient satisfaction. However, more robust clinical evidence is required.

Repair and regeneration of oral and maxillofacial tissue defects remain significant challenges, mainly due to the limitations of existing treatment approaches. Conventional methods such as transplantation, tissue scaffolds, growth factors, and stem cell therapies often face obstacles, including donor shortages, insufficient vascularization, and safety concerns. There is an urgent need for innovative therapeutic strategies to effectively promote vascular regeneration while minimizing complications. Black phosphorus nanosheets (BPNSs) and hydrogels present significant advantages and broad application potential as tissue regeneration carriers due to their biocompatibility, degradability, and controlled drug release properties. By combining various characterization techniques and detection methods, we conducted a thorough analysis of BPNSs and gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) scaffolds loaded with BPNSs (BP-GelMA). The results indicate that this study successfully prepared BPNSs with uniform size, good dispersion, and intact structure. Moreover, the BP-GelMA composite demonstrated excellent swelling behavior and structural stability while effectively enabling the controlled release of BPNSs. This study investigated the angiogenic effects of BP-GelMA at concentrations of 0, 12.5, and 25.0 μg/mL. In vitro experiments showed that BP-GelMA significantly enhanced endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation. In vivo results demonstrated that 12.5 μg/mL and 25.0 μg/mL BP-GelMA did not induce significant developmental toxicity in zebrafish and effectively promoted neovascularization. RNA-Seq analysis revealed that BP-GelMA activates angiogenesis-related biological processes. Mechanistic studies identified PEAK1 as a central regulator, driving vascular formation through activation of the MAPK signaling pathway. These findings highlight the potential of BP-GelMA as a therapeutic strategy for promoting angiogenesis and underscore the importance of optimizing BP-GelMA concentrations to achieve maximum therapeutic efficacy and safety in clinical applications.

IntroductionInfants exposed to HIV and uninfected (HEUs) are at higher risk of infectious morbidity than HIV-unexposed uninfected infants (HUUs). Multiple immune defects of unknown origin were observed in HEUs. We hypothesized that HEUs have more regulatory and inhibitory checkpoint-expressing T cells (Treg, Tici) than HUUs, which may dampen their immune defenses against pathogens.MethodWe used flow cytometry to measure 25 Treg/Tici subsets in HEUs and HUUs at birth, 6, 28, and 62 weeks of life. We used maternal and infant gut microbiome data reported in a previous study to establish correlations with the Treg/Tici.ResultsAt birth, 3 Treg subsets, including the prototypic CD4+FOXP3+ and CD4+FOXP3+CD25+, had higher frequencies in 123 HEUs than in 117 HUUs, and 3 subsets had higher frequencies in HUUs. At 28 and 62 weeks of age, 5 Treg/Tici subsets had higher proportions in HEUs than HUUs. The frequencies of the Treg/Tici subsets that diverged between HEUs and HUUs at birth correlated with differential relative abundances of bacterial taxa in the maternal gut microbiome. The Treg/Tici subsets with significantly different frequencies at subsequent visits correlated with the concurrent composition of the infant gut microbiome. In vitro, treatment of HUU peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with bacterial taxa most abundant in HEUs expanded Treg/Tici subsets with higher frequencies in HEUs than HUUs, recapitulating the in vivo correlations. Conversely, in vitro treatment of HEU PBMC did not increase Treg/Tici frequencies. Other factors that correlated with increased Treg/Tici frequencies were low maternal CD4+ T cells in HEUs at birth and male sex in the HUUs at 28 weeks of life.DiscussionThis study shows that maternal and infant gut dysbiosis are central to the increase in Treg/Tici in HEUs and may be targeted by mitigating interventions.

Infections preventable by live virus vaccines are surging in the setting of decreased herd immunity. Many children with chronic liver diseases (CLDs) are unimmunized and at increased risk for infection due to guidelines recommending against live vaccines within 4 weeks pretransplant. This prospective study of 21 children with CLD and 13 healthy controls defined the timing of measles virus and varicella-zoster virus (VZV) RNA- and DNA-emia following vaccination and compared immune responses to measles and varicella vaccines in both groups. Measles virus RNA and VZV DNA real-time PCR were measured weekly following vaccination; measles virus RNA was undetectable in all by 14 days postvaccination, but VZV DNA, which can be managed with antivirals, was detected in 1 child in the CLD group at 21 days and 1 control at 28 days postvaccination. Humoral or cell-mediated vaccine response was 100% to measles virus and 94% to VZV in the CLD group postvaccination, whereas it was 100% to both vaccines in controls. Our pilot study suggests that both live vaccines can be safely and effectively administered up to 14 days prior to transplantation in children with CLD. We anticipate this will improve vaccination rates and thus decrease rates of vaccine-preventable infections in vulnerable children with CLD.

The repair of bone defects poses a significant challenge within the realm of clinical medicine. However, with the advent of various emerging biotechnologies, bone tissue engineering (BTE) has emerged as a promising discipline that offers innovative therapeutic strategies to address bone defects. Among the novel biomaterials being explored, two-dimensional (2D) black phosphorus (BP) has attracted considerable attention due to its advantageous properties, which include antimicrobial activity, drug delivery capabilities, and effective photothermal conversion. These properties render BP an excellent candidate for BTE applications. Recent studies have indicated that BP possesses remarkable immunomodulatory properties that influence bone regeneration, profoundly impacting the transformation of the osteoimmune microenvironment, thereby guiding the process of bone remodeling. Macrophage is a principal component of the osteoimmune microenvironment, and evidence suggests that BP significantly influences the polarization of macrophage M1 and M2 phenotypes. This review aims to present the regulatory effects and underlying mechanisms of 2D BP on macrophage polarization in the immune microenvironment. It highlights the ability of BP to systematically modulate the inflammatory environment and to facilitate the metabolic reprogramming of macrophages. The review concludes with a discussion of the potential applications and limitations of BP nanomaterials in the field of BTE.

Objective: To investigate the effect of zirconia personalized gingival structure on peri-implant soft and hard tissue stability after single-tooth implant restorations in patients with thin gingival biotypes in the anterior region, with a view to provide a clinical guideline. Methods: This retrospective study included 20 patients with thin gingival biotype and implant restorations in the anterior region. These patients included 9 males and 11 females, and the age was (35.2± 10.3) years. The patients were from the Department of Periodontal Implantology, Stomatology Hospital, Southern Medical University from January 2018 to December 2022. Computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) techniques were used to fabricate a titanium base zirconia personalized gingival structure to maintain the soft-tissue perforated gingival contour of the anterior esthetic zone. This structure consists of two modalities: titanium base + zirconia outer crown or titanium base personalized zirconia abutment + zirconia outer crown. Clinical outcomes were recorded immediately and after delivery of the final restorations. Implant retention was recorded, esthetic scoring was performed using the pink esthetic index, the amount of bone resorption at the implant margins was measured based on digitized apical radiographs, and periodontal health was evaluated using the modified plaque index and the modified bleeding index. Results: The survival rate of the 20 implants was 100% after 3 years of wearing the final restorations, with a pink aesthetic score of 9.3±0.9. Bone resorption at the proximal and distal mesial margins of the implants was 0.09 (-0.21, 0.20) mm, 0.17 (-0.12, 0.27) mm after 3 years, respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant when compared to bone resorption immediately after placement of the final restoration [0(0, 0) mm] (Z=-1.03, P=0.394; Z=-2.05, P=0.065). Conclusions: Zirconia personalized gingival structure maintains the stability of peri-implant hard and soft tissues of thin gingival biotypes in the anterior region.

BACKGROUND:The substitution of missing teeth with implants is a dependable and anticipated therapeutic approach. Despite numerous studies affirming long-term success rates, there exists a spectrum of potential biological and aesthetic complications. OBJECTIVE:The primary objective of this study was to assess patient responses subsequent to surgical interventions, with a specific emphasis on the utilization of xenogenic collagen matrix (XCM), both with and without the application of a stent secured over healing abutments, in the context of keratinized gingival mucosa augmentation. The principal aim was to evaluate and draw comparisons between the clinical outcomes resulting from these two procedural approaches, with a particular focus on critical parameters encompassing post-operative complications, patient comfort, and the overall efficacy in achieving successful keratinized tissue augmentation. METHODS:Sixty patients were selected for this study. The patients were divided into three groups: A, B, and a control group, with each group comprising 20 participants. We used XCM in experimental group A, XCM covered with surgical stent in experimental group B, and free gingival graft (FGG) in the control group. After the surgical procedure, patients were required to complete a visual analogue scale (VAS) questionnaire for post-operative complications, and a quality of life (QOL) questionnaire on days 1, 3, and 7. RESULTS:Patients in the experimental groups A and B demonstrated markedly improved outcomes when compared with the control group. Assessments conducted on days 1, 3, and 7 demonstrated diminished levels of pain, bleeding, and swelling in both experimental groups, with experimental group B showing the least discomfort. The incorporation of XCM, either with or without stents, was associated with a reduction in analgesic consumption, underscoring its favorable influence on post-operative comfort, notwithstanding the exception of halitosis in experimental group B. CONCLUSION:Using XCM with or without a stent for keratinized tissue augmentation has better post-operative outcomes associated with reduced swelling, bleeding, and pain based on the QOL survey. This study provides data to support the clinical application of XCM and stents.

The aim of this study was to propose a comprehensive maxillary sinus (MS) contour classification system based on the evaluation of anatomical characteristics from cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) examination and investigate the relationship between sinus contours and sinus floor elevation (SFE). A total of 283 CBCT scans from patients who had single tooth loss in the posterior maxilla and underwent SFE were analyzed. The MS was classified at each tooth position. For buccal-palatal evaluation, the classification from Type A to E was narrow-taper, taper, ovoid, square, and irregular, respectively. For mesial-distal evaluation, the classification from Type 1 to 4 was flat, slope, concave, and septa, respectively. The major anatomical parameters evaluated were (1) residual bone height (RBH), (2) sinus width (SW), (3) maxillary sinus angle (MSA), (4) buccal dip angle (BDA), (5) palatonasal recess (PNR), and (6) sinus depth. Eleven groups of MS contour were classified after detailed calculation. Differences in the RBH, MSA, BDA, and SW among different groups were statistically significant. The narrow-taper and slope MS (A2) group had the highest RBH (8.66 ± 0.77 mm), largest BDA (79.9° ± 3.18°), smallest MSA (19.8° ± 2.01°), and narrowest SW (6.30 ± 1.23 mm). The lowest RBH was in the square and concave sinus (D3) group (5.11 ± 2.70 mm). The ovoid and concave sinus (C3) group had the smallest BDA (50.64 ± 8.73 mm) and largest MSA (74.11° ± 11.52°). The square and flat MS (D1) group had the widest SW (19.13 ± 3.69 mm). A strongly significant positive correlation was observed between the SW and MSA (r = 0.67) and a strongly negative correlation between the SW and BDA (r = − 0.65). The prevalence of PNR (mean angle: 104.06° ± 16.83°, mean height: 14.72 ± 11.78 mm) was 38

HIV-exposed uninfected infants (HEU) have higher infectious morbidity than HIV-unexposed infants (HUU). HEU have multiple immune defects of unknown origin. We hypothesized that HEU have higher regulatory T cells (Treg) than HUU, which may dampen their immune defenses against pathogens. We compared 25 Treg subsets between HEU and HUU and sought the factors that may affect Treg frequencies. At birth, 3 Treg subsets, including CD4 + FOXP3 + and CD4 + FOXP3 + CD25+, had higher frequencies in 123 HEU than 117 HUU and 3 subsets were higher in HUU. At 28 and 62 weeks of life, 5 Treg subsets were higher in HEU, and none were higher in HUU. The frequencies of the discrepant Treg subsets correlated at birth with differential abundances of bacterial taxas in maternal gut microbiome and at subsequent visits in infant gut microbiomes. In vitro, bacterial taxa most abundant in HEU expanded Treg subsets with higher frequencies in HEU, recapitulating the in vivo observations. Other factors that correlated with increased Treg were low maternal CD4 + T cells in HEU at birth and male sex in HUU at 28 weeks. We conclude that maternal and infant gut dysbiosis are central to the Treg increase in HEU and may be targeted by mitigating interventions.

Background: Biliary atresia (BA) is likely caused by a common phenotypic response to various triggers; one proposed trigger, cytomegalovirus (CMV), may lead to worse outcomes. The aim of this study was to determine the severity of disease and pretransplant outcomes of infants with BA, who have evidence of CMV (CMV+) at diagnosis compared with CMV-negative (CMV−) infants. Methods: The study used data and biospecimens from the Childhood Liver Disease Research Network PROBE study of cholestatic infants. Plasma obtained at the time of hepatic portoenterostomy (HPE) of 249 infants with BA was tested for CMV by DNA-PCR and CMV-IgM. Comparisons between CMV+ and CMV− infants were made using Wilcoxon rank sum, Student t test, chi-square, or Fisher exact test. Native liver survival (NLS) outcomes were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression adjusting for age at HPE; pretransplant patient survival outcomes were analyzed using a competing risk model and adjusting for age at HPE. Results: CMV+ infants (n = 29, 12%) underwent HPE later (67.8±13.6 d vs. 55.1±18.5 d, p = 0.0005) and had higher baseline alkaline phosphatase and aminotransferases. There was no difference between groups in jaundice clearance or NLS. The subdistribution HR of pretransplant death for CMV+ infants adjusted for age at HPE was 3.8 ( p = 0.034). Conclusions: CMV infection at the time of HPE in infants with BA is not associated with worse NLS despite the association with worse liver injury, older age at HPE, and increased risk of pretransplant death adjusted for age at HPE. Continued evaluation of the consequences of CMV infection and the effects of antiviral treatment should be explored.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the clinical outcome of the transalveolar approach with the small segmentation method for inclined maxillary sinus floor elevation.METHODS:Sixty-one patients with an inclined maxillary sinus floor (tilt angle ≥ 10°) and insufficient residual bone height in the posterior maxilla were included and grouped according to the tilt angle of the sinus floor, with group A having patients with the tilt angle ≥ 10° and ≤ 30° and group B having patients with the tilt angle > 30°. After completing sinus membrane elevation and bone augmentation using bone substitute materials, the implants were inserted at the same appointment, and the restoration was completed after 5-6 months of osseointegration. The preoperative sinus floor level and sinus floor elevation achieved postoperatively were assessed and recorded. At pre- and post-operative timepoints, the sagittal plane of the cone beam computed tomography was used to evaluate the bone height changes at the peak, middle and valley points in the slope segment intended for implant implantation.RESULTS:Osseointegration was evident in all 61 patients, and the final restoration was completed with functional loading. After assessing the normality and homogeneity of variance, two-sample t-test or nonparametric tests were employed to estimate the differences in the bone height changes. The degrees of freedom (df) for this analysis were 59. The elevation attained at the middle point in groups A and B were 6.71 ± 1.38 and 5.75 ± 1.56 mm, respectively, demonstrating a significant difference (p < 0.05). Furthermore, at the peak and valley points, group A exhibited bone height changes of 5.79 ± 1.74 and 6.06 ± 1.45 mm, respectively, compared to group B with changes measuring 4.63 ± 2.18 and 5.58 ± 2.39 mm, respectively, with no significant difference in the two groups (p ≥ 0.05). The prevalence of intraoperative sinus membrane perforation was assessed using the chi-square test. It was found that four cases in group A and five cases in group B experienced sinus membrane perforation, with no significant difference in the two groups (p ≥ 0.05, df  = 1).CONCLUSION:The transalveolar approach using the small segmentation method suggests a promising approach for elevating the inclined maxillary sinus floor.

以检测发动机缸盖热疲劳性能为契机,自行研制开发缸盖热疲劳试验台架,制定缸盖热疲劳试验规范和试验参数,用感应加热的方式模拟发动机工作时气缸盖火力面的温度场,并按此温度场对气缸盖火力面进行加热、保温、冷却循环,直至出现裂纹,依据裂纹出现的循环次数、长度和形状判断缸盖的热疲劳寿命.试验裂纹产生的部位和失效形式与市场故障返回件一致.

Objective: The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the clinical significance of one-abutment at one-time protocol in healed posterior edentulism. Methods: An online search was undertaken in November 2022, which included PubMed, Cochrane Library, Wiley Online Library, and Google Scholar in addition to manual searching. The Cochrane Collaboration tool was performed to assess the quality of selected articles. Marginal bone loss (MBL) was estimated by the performance of meta-analysis. Moreover, all the pooled analyses were based on random-effect models. Subgroup analysis was applied to evaluate the effects of different variables. Results: In line with the inclusion criteria, 6 trials with 446 dental implants were identified. The meta-analysis showed a total of 0.22 mm less MBL within 6 months and decreased by 0.30 mm at 1-year follow-up in favor of one-abutment at one-time protocol. A significant loss MBL was found in implants placed equicrestally using one-abutment at one-time protocol [6 months: mean difference (MD): −0.22 mm; 95% CI, −0.34 to 0.10 mm, P =0.0004; 12 months: MD: −0.32 mm; 95% CI, −0.40 to −0.24 mm, P <0.00001), whereas no difference was found between 2 groups in an implant placed subscrestally (6 months: MD: 0.14 mm; 95% CI, −0.03 to 0.22 mm; P =0.11; 12 months: MD: −0.12 mm; 95% CI, −0.32 to 0.08 mm; P =0.23). Conclusions: Implant platform position might greatly affect the marginal bone level. Moreover, one-abutment at one-time protocol demonstrated better bone preservation in implants placed equicrestally in healed posterior edentulism. Clinical Relevance: This study highlights the significant clinical application of one-abutment at one-time protocol in healed posterior edentulism.

Hemoglobin (Hb) is a physiological oxygen-transport metalloprotein present in the red blood cells. With the in-depth study, many functions of Hb are developed, and kinds of Hb-related biomaterials are applied for biomedical therapeutics in the past decades. Herein, the recent advances of Hb-related biomaterials and their applications, including the clinical progress of Hb-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) as blood substitutes, and the applications in the field of tumor therapy, wound healing, and anti-inflammation therapy through utilizing its function of multiple gas delivery (O-2, CO, NO), peroxidase-like catalysis, and targeting macrophage, are summarized. With the rapid development of science and technology, more versatile Hb-related biomaterials are designed in the future for other applications.

Ultraviolet (UV) photofunctionalization has been demonstrated to synergistically improve the osteoblast response and reduce biofilm formation on titanium (Ti) surfaces. However, it remains obscure how photofunctionalization affects soft tissue integration and microbial adhesion on the transmucosal part of a dental implant. This study aimed to investigate the effect of UVC (100-280 nm) pretreatment on the response of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. g.) to Ti-based implant surfaces. The smooth and anodized nano-engineered Ti-based surfaces were triggered by UVC irradiation, respectively. The results showed that both smooth and nano-surfaces acquired super hydrophilicity without structural alteration after UVC photofunctionalization. UVC-activated smooth surfaces enhanced the adhesion and proliferation of HGFs compared to the untreated smooth ones. Regarding the anodized nano-engineered surfaces, UVC pretreatment weakened the fibroblast attachment but had no adverse effects on proliferation and the related gene expression. Additionally, both Ti-based surfaces could effectively inhibit P. g. adhesion after UVC irradiation. Therefore, the UVC photofunctionalization could be more potentially favorable to synergistically improve the fibroblast response and inhibit P. g. adhesion on the smooth Ti-based surfaces.

Abstract Background Influenza infections produce a spectrum of disease severity in children. The host-response pathways associated with the progression to severe influenza disease and mechanisms of vaccination on mitigating illness severity are not well understood. Methods We conducted a prospective study of children aged 2 to 18 years hospitalized with PCR-confirmed influenza infection from 2020-2022. We compared the host transcriptome using whole blood of children within 5 days of influenza infection (cases) with healthy asymptomatic controls undergoing elective surgery. We analyzed transcription profiles as a function of a) infected versus non-infected b) severe versus non severe and c) vaccinated versus unvaccinated. Pathway analysis on differentially expressed genes was performed. Results Among 11 cases and 12 controls, there were no significant differences with respect to age, sex, or presence of a high-risk medical condition, but a higher proportion of cases were Hispanic (45.5% vs 8.3%, p = 0.0007) and unvaccinated (72.7% vs 33.3%, p = 0.036) (Table 1). Compared with healthy controls, 5,277 unique transcripts were differentially expressed in influenza-infected participants, of which 3,099 were up-regulated and 2,178 were down-regulated. Pathway analysis revealed gene enrichment related to interferon responses and innate inflammatory responses in cases (Figure 1). Further analyses comparing 6 severe with 5 moderate infection cases demonstrated 68 differentially expressed unique transcripts. We identified 102 differentially expressed genes in 3 cases with ≥1 dose of influenza vaccine compared to 8 unvaccinated, including 85 upregulated and 17 downregulated (Figure 2). B cell and neutrophil responses were upregulated, and innate inflammatory and interferon responses were downregulated in vaccinated cases (Figure 3). Moreover, vaccinated cases shared biosignatures with the uninfected controls. Heatmap of gene expression patterns of significant genes for influenza cases and controls. Legend: Heatmap showing the gene expression patterns of the significant genes across all samples. Centered and scaled normalized expression values are plotted. Highest upregulated genes compared to the average expression of that gene in all samples are light shades while darker colors represent downregulated genes. Modular expression of immune responses in influenza cases and controls Legend: Panel A. Each module (M) represents a group of genes that are co-expressed and shared similar biological functions. Twenty-four selected modules pertaining to innate and adaptive immune responses are represented, including those related to interferons, monocytes, neutrophils, innate immunity/inflammation, T cells, cytotoxic/NK cells, plasma cells, B-cells, platelets, and undifferentiated cell cycles. The intensity of the color of the circles indicates the proportion of overexpressed (in red) or underexpressed (in blue) transcripts within each module (represented by a circle). Numeric values indicate the percentage of transcripts expressed in each specific module among influenza cases compared with controls. Panel B. Percentage of genes that are differentially expressed between influenza cases and controls. Left column represents genes that are overexpressed, right column represents genes that are underexpressed. Each row represents a module (M), summarizing a group of genes that are co-expressed and shared similar biological functions. Conclusion Our study demonstrated important differences in inflammatory gene expression profiles of children with influenza infection compared with healthy controls, which were more pronounced in unvaccinated than vaccinated infected children. Our findings support disease mitigation through vaccination. Modular expression in unvaccinated and vaccinated influenza cases Legend: Panel A. Each module (M) represents a group of genes that are co-expressed and shared similar biological functions. Twenty-four selected modules pertaining to innate and adaptive immune responses are represented, including those related to interferons, monocytes, neutrophils, innate immunity/inflammation, T cells, cytotoxic/NK cells, plasma cells, B-cells, platelets, and undifferentiated cell cycles. The intensity of the color of the circles indicates the proportion of overexpressed (in red) or underexpressed (in blue) transcripts within each module (represented by a circle). Numeric values indicate the percentage of transcripts expressed in each specific module among influenza vaccinated cases compared with influenza unvaccinated cases. Panel B. Percentage of genes that are differentially expressed between vaccinated and unvaccinated cases. Left column represents genes that are overexpressed in vaccinated versus unvaccinated children, right column represents genes that are underexpressed in vaccinated versus unvaccinated children. Each row represents a module (M), summarizing a group of genes that are co-expressed and shared similar biological functions. Disclosures Suchitra Rao, MBBS, MSCS, Sequiris: Advisor/Consultant Adriana Weinberg, MD, GlaxoSmithKline: Advisor/Consultant|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Seqirus: Advisor/Consultant

Black phosphorus (BP), an emerging two-dimensional material with unique optical, thermoelectric, and mechanical properties, has been proposed as bioactive material for tissue engineering. However, its toxic effects on physiological systems remain obscure. The present study investigated the cytotoxicity of BP to vascular endothelial cells. BP nanosheets (BPNSs) with a diameter of 230 nm were fabricated via a classical liquid-phase exfoliation method. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used to determine the cytotoxicity induced by BPNSs (0.31–80 μg/mL). When the concentrations were over 2.5 μg/mL, BPNSs adversely affected the cytoskeleton and cell migration. Furthermore, BPNSs caused mitochondrial dysfunction and generated excessive intercellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) at tested concentrations after 24 h. BPNSs could influence the expression of apoptosis-related genes, including the P53 and BCL-2 family, resulting in the apoptosis of HUVECs. Therefore, the viability and function of HUVECs were adversely influenced by the concentration of BPNSs over 2.5 μg/mL. These findings provide significant information for the potential applications of BP in tissue engineering.

随着气体渗氮技术的不断进步,尤其是氮势自动控制技术和深层快速渗氮技术的发展,使气体渗氮的质量越来越好,生产周期和成本也大幅降低,应用范围也越来越广.主要介绍了气体渗氮技术的最新进展和其在汽车零部件上的典型应用.

OBJECTIVE:Dental anxiety (DA) is a frequent and widespread phenomenon worldwide. There are few studies that have discussed the preoperative intervention of dental anxiety. The aim of this study was to explore the clinical efficacy of an online intervention to improve understanding and reduce dental anxiety in patients with transcrestal sinus floor elevation (TSFE) and to explore the correlation between patients' understanding and dental anxiety, pain perception, and satisfaction.METHOD AND MATERIALS:This prospective randomized controlled trial enrolled patients who underwent TSFE and simultaneous implant placement. Patients were randomly allocated to the preoperative online intervention group (test group) and the non-online intervention group (control group). Two patient interview topic guide questionnaires were utilized to assess the extent and source of patients' understanding of the treatment process after a consultation at the hospital (T1) and prior to the surgery (T2). The preoperative dental anxiety was also assessed using the modified Corah dental anxiety scale (MDAS) at T1 and T2. All patients used the visual analog scale to describe their pain perception and satisfaction with the treatment process immediately after surgery (T3). A correlation analysis was performed to analyze the interrelationship between patient understanding, dental anxiety, pain perception, and satisfaction.RESULTS:At T1, both groups were homogenous in their knowledge of the TSFE procedure and preoperative dental anxiety. At T2, the test group showed a better understanding of the TSFE procedure and lower preoperative dental anxiety than that of T1 and the control group at T2. Pain perception was significantly lower in the test group than in the control group at T3. Patients in the test group expressed significantly greater satisfaction with the treatment process than the control test group. There was a negative correlation between patients' understanding and preoperative dental anxiety. A positive correlation between preoperative dental anxiety and pain perception was found with a significant difference. Patients' satisfaction was positively correlated with understanding and negatively correlated with pain perception.CONCLUSIONS:Preoperative online intervention effectively increased patients' understanding of the treatment process. This resulted in decreased preoperative dental anxiety, decreased pain perception, and greater postoperative satisfaction from patients who underwent TSFE.CLINICAL RELEVANCE:Online medical care can be considered as an auxiliary tool to improve the effect of implant surgery.