The article is devoted to giant fusiform cells of the brain (or giant spindles), neurons that are believed to play an important role in the implementation of the most complex forms of human psyche. Current data on the location, morphological and morphometric peculiarities, molecular phenotype of these neurons, as well as on the size, tangential, radial, and interspecific distribution, and ontogenetic and age dynamics of their population, are examine in detail in the work. The problem of definition and identification of giant spindles as a separate type of brain neurons is covered in detail. The possible functions of giant spindles are considered, especially from the point of view of the function of the areas of their preferential location (frontoinsular and anterior cingulate cortex). Available data on a possible involvement of giant spindles in mental and neurological pathology are also collected. In the second part of the article, the issue of the discovery of giant spindles and the role of outstanding neuromorphologists (V. Betz, S. Ramon y Cajal, and C. von Economo) in the description of these cells are discussed in detail. Based on the analysis of existing works and evidence of modern researchers, we demonstrate that Volodymyr Betz provided the first concise description of the localization and morphology of giant spindles, which from a modern point of view, can be considered sufficient to designate these cells as a separate population of spindle-shaped neurons of the brain.

The aim of the work is to identify changes in the state of astrocytes and microglia with unilateral ligation of the carotid artery, sensitization with the cerebral antigen and their combination in the sensorimotor cortex in rats.; Studies were performed on 185 male Wistar white rats weighing 260-290 g. The brain was examined 1, 3, 10, 30 and 90 days after surgery and, respectively, 12 (1), 15 (3), 22 (10 ), 42 (30), 102 (90) days after sensitization (surgical intervention).; Immunohistochemical reactions were carried out in accordance with the manufacturer's protocols. Primary antibodies were used in the work: S100 (Dako, Denmark); GFAP (Dako, Denmark), Iba-1. Densitometric measurements of S100 expression were performed using ImageJ 1.46 and counting the number of labeled GFAP and Iba-1 cells. Statistical processing was performed using t-student test.; In general, the observed reactions suggest that with discirculatory disturbances in the brain in rats, the detected changes in astrocytes and microglia tend to reverse. This can be explained by the fact that the animals used in the experiment were practically healthy and had high compensatory-adaptive potencies. In humans, a similar reverse development of glial reactions cannot be expected, since cerebral hypopefusion / dyscirculation develops against the background of changes in the vascular bed, which, as a rule, also progress. Accordingly, similar changes in human glia of the brain will act as secondary factors contributing to neurodegenerative processes.; Comparatively small hemocirculation disorders in the brain with unilateral ligation of the carotid artery can cause activation of astrocytes and microglia. In this case, the reaction of astrocytes detected by the expression of GFAP is more pronounced than Iba 1 + cells. Perhaps this is due to the close contact of astrocytes with blood vessels. A significant role in glia changes is played by sensitization by cerebral antigens, which develops with impaired hemocirculation in the brain and potentiates the damage caused by it. When extrapolated to humans, it can be assumed that sensitization can make a significant contribution to the development of brain damage in conditions associated with hypoperfusion.

Recently, while conducting scientific research in the field of theoretical and preventive medicine, biomedical preventive anthropology and statistical processing of their results, one of the leading places is the cluster analysis procedure, which involves the search for the patterns of grouping as research objects and their leading features in separate local plural and subset, that is, in separate clusters. Researches that provided for determining the leading characteristics of the quality of life and the peculiarities of the course of psychological adaptation processes based on the use of commonly accepted psychohygienic practices of personal questionnaires were conducted on the basis of educational institutions in Ivano-Frankivsk. Statistical analysis of the obtained data provided for the use of descriptive statistics and cluster analysis procedures using the licensed standardized application package of the multivariate statistical analysis “Statistica 6.1 for Windows” (license number ВXXR901E245722FA). The results of the conducted research indicate the existence of an extremely stable structure of the identified groups, among which in all investigated cases, it necessary to note the cluster associated with the leading indicators of quality of life, which united in its structure characteristics of quality of life on the scales Bodily Pain (BP, scale (Physical Functioning), Mental Health (MH, Mental Health Scale), General Health (GH, General Health Scale), Vitality (VT, Viability Scale), and Social Functioning (SF, scale of social functioning), neuro-psychical cluster combining personal and situational anxiety, depressive and asthenic states, as well as an integral cluster that included in its structure the characteristics of quality of life on the scale of Role-Emotional (RE, role-playing role scale) and Role-Physical (RP, scale of role-physical functioning) and indicators of subjective control in health and disease and neuroticism. The obtained data should further find a proper place in the structure of diagnostic and preventive approaches to assess the state of health and functional state of the body of pupils and students.

Topicality of this study is due to the need to find new ways to solve the problem of identifying a person in terms of an integrated approach DVI - Interpol system, and consist in to determine the patterns of manifestation of inter-system relationships and the development of criteria for predictive assessment of phenotypic human features based on phenotypology of the finger, palmar dermatoglyphics and foot dermatoglyphics. Received anthroposcopic and anthropometric parameters, imprints of the ridge patterns of the fingers and feet, the inner surface of the hands and feet, and the smears of peripheral blood from 567 men and women of 18-59 years of age living in the Ivano-Frankivsk region and belonging to the Hutsuls (1 group), Boykos (group 2) and Lemkos (group 3) ethno-territorial groups or do not identify themselves with any (group 4). The following research methods were applied: anthroposcopic, anthropometric, dermatological, one-dimensional and multidimensional statistical analysis, neural network programming (in the package Statistica 12). Reliable differences between phenotypic parameters of male and female persons of Boykos, Lemkos, Hutsuls and control groups were established; on the basis of obtained data using artificial neural networks, a computer identification program Dermatoglyphics For Prediction (DFP) was developed that will increase the effectiveness of the second and fourth stages of the Disaster Victim Identification methodological approach.

Collection of preparations of the Department of Human Anatomy of the Bogomolets National Medical University is the most important basis of the educational process at the department and is of great importance for the independent work of both students and teachers. Well-annotated exposure makes it much easier to assimilate educational material. Also, this collection promotes knowledge of anatomy among medical professionals, biologists, students of secondary medical institutions, etc.

The work is devoted to the study of structural changes of enterocytes in the mucous membrane of the duodenum in a burn injury of the skin of a rat under conditions of experimental streptozotocin induced diabetes. The study was carried out on laboratory white adult rats-males weighing 180-210 g. The control group consisted of 21 animals without somatic pathology, the first experimental group consisted of 21 rats with skin burn injury, the second experimental group cleared 21 rats with skin burn and experimental streptozotocin induced diabetes. A model of experimental diabetes mellitus was reproduced by administering streptozotocin intraperitoneally once in dose of 50 mg/kg to rats. In an experimental simulation of a skin burn, two copper plates in the form of an ellipse were kept in water at 100oC for 10 minutes and, under ether anesthesia conditions, were applied simultaneously symmetrically on both exposed parts of the body of rats with an exposure for 10 seconds. Burn skin damage in rats was II-AB degrees – dermal surface burn (according to the old classification III-A degree) with a total area of 21-23% of the body surface with the development of burn shock. For morphological studies, the duodenum was taken, fragments of which were processed using conventional light and electron microscopy. The main criteria for assessing damage the enterocytes of the duodenal mucosa were the results studies of histological and ultrastructural data over 7, 14 and 21 days after a skin burn. The results of the studies showed that the damage of the enterocytes of the duodenal mucosa is based on deep destructive changes, which after 21 days (at the stage of septic toxemia), as a rule, are not reversible and develop against the background of significant intoxication of the organism. In the mucous membrane of the duodenum with burn injury of the skin associated with diabetes mellitus, there is a deterioration of the manifestations of the adaptive response and prolongation of destructive processes, accompanied by a violation of intercellular interactions in cytoarchitectically modified and deformed villi and crypts.

The use of existing infusion solutions, as well as the development, scientific substantiation and implementation of the latest nephroprotective detoxification solutions, remain an urgent problem for combustiologists. The aim of this work is to compare the effects of various detoxification solutions (0.9 % NaCl solution and complex colloid-hyperosmolar solutions – lactoprotein with sorbitol and the newly developed HAES-LX-5 % solution) on the kidney structure in experimental burn disease in rats. The experimental rats were divided into seven groups (fifteen animals each): the first group was intact rats; the second, third and fourth groups were rats without reproduction of experimental burn disease, which had a separate intravenous infusion of 0.9 % NaCl solution, lactoprotein with sorbitol and HAES-LX-5 % at a dose of 10 ml/kg; the fifth, sixth and seventh groups were rats with experimental burn disease (by causing burn injury of the skin with an area of 21-23 % of the body surface), which under the same scheme had an intravenous infusion of the investigated solutions. All studies and the removal of rats from the experiment were performed under deep thiopental intraperitoneal anesthesia. Histological preparations of the renal cortex of the rat were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and examined on an Olympus BX51 microscope. Using ultramicrotome LKB-3 (Sweden) obtained semi-thin sections which were stained with toluidine blue and methylene blue – Azur II; and ultrathin sections were counterstained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate according to Reynolds and examined using a PEM-125K electron microscope. Morphometric measurements (estimation of the area of the vascular glomeruli, the area of the urinary lumen of the capsule of the renal corpuscles; the area of the renal tubules of the nephrons and the area of their lumens, the area of the renal corpuscles, the area of cytoplasm and nuclei of epithelial cells of tubules, and also their nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio) was carried out using the VideoTest-5.0, KAARA Image Base and Microsoft Excel on a personal computer. Statistical analysis of the obtained quantitative indicators was performed using the ІВМ SPSS v. 22.0. for Windows. Functionally different cells of nephrons have been found to die by necrosis, apoptosis and anoikis when infused with detoxification solutions during the development of burn disease; in epithelial cells of nephron tubules, mitophagy and mitoptosis occur. Mitoptosis in epithelial cells of rat tubules of nephrons with experimental burn skin injury is carried out in two ways related to: 1) destruction of the outer mitochondrial membrane; 2) preservation of the outer mitochondrial membrane and involvement of autophagic (mitophagic) mechanisms to release the cell from degraded mitochondrial material. In the first case, the mitochondria first condense, after which its matrix swells and the fragmentation of the cristae occurs due to the destruction of the junction of the cristae. Finally, the outer mitochondrial membrane breaks and the remnants of the cristae (in the form of vesicles) go into the cytoplasm. In the second case, the mitochondria condense, vesicular fragmentation of the cristae occurs, but the rupture of the outer mitochondrial membrane does not occur and the mitochondria are absorbed by the autophagosome (or transformed into the autophagosome). Next is the merger of autophagosomes with lysosomes and the formation of autophagolysosomes, which, under the conditions of effective digestion of the contents, are transformed into vacuoles. The latter are emptied by exocytosis and ensure the release of cells from degraded material. Only lactoprotein with sorbitol has a membrane-plastic effect on the strengthening (enhancement of structuring) of the mitochondrial membrane in part of the mitochondria of epithelial cells of nephron tubules, which is ultrastructurally manifested by an increase in the electron density and thickness of all components of the mitochondria. The maximum membrane effect of lactoprotein with sorbitol against mitochondria manifests itself fourteen days after the experimental burn skin injury and gradually (after twenty-one and thirty days) disappears, which is correlated with an improvement in the overall clinical condition and an improvement in the structural changes in the kidney of animals with burn disease. There is every reason to believe that increased structuration of mitochondria is a preventer of the spread of mitoptosis and mitophagy, the excess of which can lead to cell death.

Anthropometry in anatomy as one of the methods of anthropological research, which consists in measurement of parameters of the skeletal parts in order to establish age, genital and other structure features, which allows to give a quantitative description of their variability. The need for such anthropometric studies (kraniometry, osteometry) is due to a deeper study of those anatomical drugs (skeletons), which visually have signs of certain diseases. This article focuses on research of anthropometric parameters of human bones, which, in life, suffered from chondrodystrophy, a congenital systemic disease, which manifests itself primarily lesions of cartilage bones (limbs, skull base). Parameters of cranial and osteometric measurements of this skeleton, which is part of the collection of anatomical preparations of the human anatomy department of the Bogomolets National Medical University, more deeply demonstrated picture of bone deformation, which is a typical sign in the disease. All features of the structure of the skeleton and many separate his bones are connected with the disease, which people have suffered since childhood. As can be seen from the research results (visual examination, results of tables) have a place of deformation of limbs, reduction in the size of all bones of the skeleton, skull of pear-shaped, cerebral skull department is too advanced. At the present stage such scientific works are enriched with objective data on changes of nature of hereditary diseases, inherent characteristic features in connection with the revealing of the role of differentiating factors and development of control methods and treatment of such Diseases. Analysis of the results of anthropometric studies will improve the basic clinical training of a doctor, strengthen the significance of fundamental medical and biological knowledge.

The article is devoted to the study of anthropometric parameters of the human skeleton, which during life suffered from acromegaly, a disease that is manifested by excessive growth of bones, soft tissues and internal organs. According to archival data of the Department of Human Anatomy of the Bogomolets National Medical University, the skeleton belongs to the Ukrainian heavyweight Isot Rudenko. Based on the conducted research, information is provided on the physical portrait of this person, thus confirming the archival data.

The lawfulness of the application of the method of dermatoglyphics in the study of atopic diseases is ensured by the polygenic inheritance of signs of dermatoglyphics, on the one hand, and the pathogenetic heterogeneity of these diseases, on the other hand, as well as high informative ability of signs of dermatoglyphics as markers of diseases of hereditary and multifactorial nature. The purpose of the study is to detect differences in qualitative signs of digital dermatoglyphics between patients with atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma. Primary indicators of digital dermatoglyphics of sick young men and young women of the Podillia region are taken from the data bank of the research center of the National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya and were used in previous studies when compared with the practically healthy population of this region. Imprints were obtained by the method of “printing ink” by Gladkova T. D. By the method of Cummins H. and Midlo Ch. a dermatological study was performed for 320 young men and young women with allergic rhinitis (n=69), bronchial asthma (n=108) and atopic dermatitis (n=143). The frequency and location of 8 types of finger patterns were subject to analysis. Statistical processing of the obtained results was carried out in the package “Statistica 6.1” using nonparametric methods. The reliability of the difference in values between independent qualitative values was determined by the formula of Weber E. (1961). The specificity of the digital typology of atopic diseases is established, which is based on the differences in the frequency and location of the whorl, central pocket and arches between the young men, except those indicated - a random pattern between young women, patients with atopic dermatitis, bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis. Additionally, when comparing young men, patients with allergic rhinitis with patients with bronchial asthma and atopic dermatitis - ulnar loop; for bronchial asthma with patients with allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis - lateral pocket loop (in young men) and ulnar, lateral pocket and double loops (in young women); when comparing young men, patients with atopic dermatitis with patients with bronchial asthma, and allergic rhinitis - a random pattern.

The pathogenesis of burn immune dysfunction and burn enteropathy needs further clarification given that the cellular lesions of lymphoid tissue associated with mucous membranes are the least studied. The purpose of the study was to establish reactive and destructive changes in Peyer’s patches of rats after burn injury of the skin with the use of intravenous infusion of isotonic sodium chloride solution and combined colloid-hyperosmolar solutions. White male rats weighing 160-200 g at 6 months of age were divided into 4 groups (18 animals in each group): I, II, III – rats with burn skin injury (grade II-III burn with an area of 23% of body surface area and the development of moderate-severity shock state) which was administered a separate intravenous infusion once a day for the first 7 days of the experiment with isotonic sodium chloride, lactoprotein with sorbitol and HAES-LX-5%, in each case at a dose of 10 ml/kg; IV – intact animals. The material was collected from rats under deep thiopental intraperitoneal anesthesia after 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 30 days after burn injury. Biopsies from Peyer’s patches for histological and electron microscopic examination were processed using conventional methods. Investigation of histological preparations stained with hematoxylin-eosin was performed on an Olympus BX51 microscope. Ultrathin sections were contrasted on copper support meshes with uranyl acetate and lead citrate according to Reynolds and studied using a PEM-125K electron microscope. Electron and light microscopy data indicate that intravenous infusion of colloidal-hyperosmolar solutions (lactoprotein with sorbitol and HAES-LX-5%) promotes suppression of inflammatory response, inhibits necrosis, and optimizes lymphoid apoptosis at Peyer’s patches of rats with experimental burn disease caused by burn injury to the skin of 21-23% of the body surface. Apoptotic lymphocytes and their apoptotic bodies are effectively phagocytosed by macrophages and are digestible in heterophagolysosomes. The apoptotic altered dendritic cells in Peyer’s patches are characterized by osmiophilic cytoplasm and a nucleus with high electron density amorphous nucleoplasm. In the cytoplasm are located mitochondria with enlightened matrix and destroyed cristae, irregularly expanded tubules of variable configuration of a granular endoplasmic reticulum with electronically transparent content and numerous derivatives of their vacuole transformation, which are sharply darkened. The fusion of vacuoles leads to the formation of large electron-luminous cavities filled with various residues of compacted degraded cellular structures. Vacualization promotes site segmentation of condensed cytoplasm of apoptotic dendritic cells and formation of apoptotic blebs, which are subject to entrapment and subsequent sequential degradation with the participation of neighboring macrophages. The structural changes of the organelles of the protein-synthesizing apparatus found in Peyer’s plaque cells in rats with experimental burn disease can be regarded as a manifestation caused by functional overload of the granular endoplasmic reticulum (ER-stress). The consequence of optimal development of ER-stress and subsequent unfolded protein response is the apoptotic degradation of the corresponding cell, the course of which is modified by the use of colloid-hyperosmolar solutions.

According to the data of modern scientific literature in order to achieve goodfunctional and aesthetic indicators, prevention of the development of relapse in theprocess of orthodontic treatment should take into account the interdependenceodometometric and cephalometric indicators. In this case, orthodontists need to makean amendment to the features of correlations characteristic of one or another ethnicgroup of the population. The purpose of this study was to establish the features of theconnections of linear computational-tomographic sizes of premolars and their roots withcephalometric indices of practically healthy men of the Western and Eastern regions ofUkraine. On the basis of the medical center "Vinintermed LTD", 71 healthy and healthymen aged from 19 to 35 years from the Western region (n = 36, residents from Volyn,Rivne, Lviv, Chernivtsi, Ternopil, Khmelnytsky, Transcarpathian and Ivano-Frankivskregions) and the Eastern region (n = 35, residents from Kharkiv, Donetsk and Luhanskregions), a cone-ray computer tomography was performed using the Veraviewepocs-3D dental cavity beam (Morita, Japan). On cone-ray computer tomograms small angularteeth of the upper and lower jaws were measured: the length of the tooth; the lengthof palatal and cheek's roots of small angular teeth of the upper and lower jaw; heightof tooth crown; vestibular-lingual dimensions of the crown and neck of the tooth;mesio-distal dimensions of the crown and neck of the tooth. Cephalometric studieswere conducted taking into account the generally accepted recommendations andanatomical points. The statistical processing of the obtained results was carried outusing the statistical software package "Statistica 6.1" using the nonparametric Spirmanmethod. A number of anthropogenetic studies confirmed the division of Ukrainians intoregional groups (East, West, North, South), divergence between them reaches a highlevel. Therefore, the difference between the correlations of odonto-kefalometricindices between regions with a larger taxonomic distance (east-west, north-south)should be expected. As a result of the conducted researches in practically healthymen the following regional features of connections of linear sizes of premolars withcephalometric indicators of a brain skull are established: the Western region is mainlydirect reliable (r = 0.34 - 0.45) and unreliable average force (r = 0.30 - 0.36) connections(9.0% on the upper jaw, of which the relative majority are with the height of teeth andtheir crowns and the length of the roots and 7.6% on the lower jaw, of which the relativemajority is mesio-distal and vestibular-lingual sizes); the Eastern region - mostly reversereliable (r = -0.34 - 0.45) and unreliable mean strength (r = -0.30 - 0.34) connections(5.1% on the upper jaw and 5.4% on the lower jaw, in both cases the relative majoritywith the height of the teeth and their crowns and the length of the roots). The followingregional peculiarities of connections were established with the indicators of the facialskull: the Western region - mostly direct (r = 0.33 - 0.57) and unreliable meanstrength (r = 0.30 - 0.42) connections (9.9% on the upper jaw and 12.2% on the lowerjaw, in both cases the relative majority of mesio-distal and horse-lingual dimensions);Eastern region - mostly direct (r = 0.34 - 0.52) and unreliable mean strength (r = 0.30 - 0.44) connections (7.4% on the upper jaw, of which the relative majority with heightteeth and their crowns and the length of the roots and 9.2% on the lower jaw, of whichthe relative majority are mesio-distal and vestibular-lingual dimensions).Keywords: regional features, premolars, cephalometry, correlations, practically healthymen

In spite of the existence of numerous developed methods of cephalometric analysis, which should help to choose the right direction of orthodontic treatment, usually the doctor has to act intuitively, based on his experience, because their development didn’t take into account numerous factors (ethnicity, age, gender, etc.). Improving these techniques, considering the above-mentioned factors, would significantly increase their effectiveness, and hence the quality of providing dental care to the population. The purpose of the work is to construct and analyze a regression model of teleroentgenographic indicators used in the method of C. J. Burstone in young men and women with normal occlusion close to orthognathic bite and harmonic face. Primary side teleroentgenograms of 38 young men (aged 17-21 years) and 55 young women (aged 16-20 years) with normal occlusion close to orthognathic bite and harmonic face, obtained from the Veraviewepocs 3D device, Morita (Japan), taken from the bank data of research center of National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya. Cephalometric measurements were performed according to the recommendations of C. J. Burstone. All indicators were divided into three groups: 1 - metric characteristics of the skull, which usually do not change during surgical and orthodontic treatment; 2 - indicators of the tooth-jaw system, the definitions of which most often need to be guided by the orthodontic treatment of growing patients and orthodontic surgery, which allows people with already formed bone skeleton to change the width, length, angles and position of the bones of the upper and lower jaws; 3 - indicators that actually characterize the position of each individual tooth relative to each other, to the bony cranial structures and face profile. Regression models of individual teleroentgenographic indicators used in the method of C. J. Burstone, built using the licensed package “Statistica 6.0”. Constructed all 6 reliable models of indicators included in the second group (anterior lower facial height ANS-Gn/Me, maxillary length ANS-PNS, ramus length Ar-Go, mandibular length Go-Pog, anterior upper facial height N-ANS and posterior upper facial height PNS-N) depending on the indicators of the first group (posterior section of cranial base Ar-Pt, anterior skull base length N-CC, angle of the cranial tilt POr-NBa, anterior section of cranial base Pt-N and distance P-PTV); as well as all 7 reliable models of indicators included in the third group (distances 1u-NF, 1l-MP, 6u-NF, 6l-MP and angles OP-HP, Max1-NF/Max1-SpP, Mand1-Mp/Mand1-MeGo) depending on the indicators of the first and second (distance A-B, A-NPog, Gо-CF, Max-Mand, N-A, N-B, N-Pog and Xi-Pm and angles MeGo-NPog, MP-HP, NAPog, N-ANS-Pog, N-CF-A, NPog-POr, POr-CFXi і POr-ANSPNS) groups. It was established that in young men the model of telerentgenographic indices included in the second group depending on the indicators of the first group and included in the third group, depending on the indicators of the first and second groups, have a higher determination coefficient than in young women (R2 from 0.806 to 0.918 in young men and from 0.510 to 0.768 for young women, and from 0.750 to 0.993 for young men and from 0.510 to 0.986 for young women). In the analysis of entering into the regression models of the relevant predictors found that in young men among the teleroentgenographic indicators of the first group included in the models of indicators of the second group most often included - distances P-PTV (33.3%), Pt-N and N-CC (by 25.0%); and in young women– distances N-CC (38.5%) and P-PTV (30.8%). It was also found that among young men among the teleroentgenographic indicators of the first and second groups that were included in the models of the third group of indicators most often included - distance ANS-Gn/Me (12.8%), the magnitude of the angles NAPog, POr-CFXi and POr-ANSPNS (by 9.4%); and in young women– distance ANS-Gn/Me (13.2%), distances А-В and PNS-N and the magnitude of the angle NAPog (by 7.9%).

The human sacrum shape and its metamorphoses should be considered due to their effect, primarily mechanical, predisposing for the vertebral column function evolution. The aim of the study is to define the human sacrum shapes and explain for such variability. The object of the study is represented with 68 sacrums obtained from the review collection of anatomical study preparations of the Bogomolets National Medical University Department of Anatomy. Each of the known human sacrum shapes represents the stage of the process of “sinking” of the sacral vertebrae bodies into the sacrum, with simultaneous fixation of external apices of their lateral parts in the sacroiliac joint. Generally, metamorphoses of the sacrum shape make up an accommodation for the new mechanical conditions as well as causal external factors. The sacrum continuously sustains multiple factors’ effects in each moment of the human life, which affects its shape and metamorphoses. The analysis of the human sacrum shape and functions reveals important instances: first, certain parts of the sacrum don’t preserve permanent relations; secondly, alterations in these relations keep to a certain sequence. This issue permits us to consider various sacrum shapes as sequential stages of the same process, occurring in the human body.

The scientific literature presents quite a large number of works, in which the priority role of mathematical modeling in providing high-quality medical care, health and active longevity of a person is determined. The purpose of the work is to construct and analyze the regression models of individual sonographic sizes of kidneys in practically healthy women of the middle intermediate somatotype, depending on the features of the anthropometric and somatotypological indicators. Within the framework of the agreement on scientific cooperation from the database of National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya primary sonographic parameters (length, width, anterior-posterior dimension, area of longitudinal and cross-section of the kidneys and their sinuses, as well as volume of the right and left kidneys) and anthropometric indices (obtained by the method of V.V. Bunak in the modification of P.P. Shaparenko) of 17 practically healthy women of the first mature age of the middle intermediate somatotype, who in the third generation live in the Podillya region of Ukraine. The construction of regression models of individual sonographic sizes of the kidneys, depending on the features of anthropo-somatotypological parameters of the body of women of the middle intermediate somatotype, was carried out in the licensed package “Statistica 6.1”. In women of the middle intermediate somatotype all 16 possible reliable regression models of sonographic parameters of the kidneys were constructed depending on the anthropo-somatotypological parameters with the determination coefficient R2 from 0.891 to 0.978. The analysis of reliable regression models (with a coefficient of determination greater than 0.6), the sonographic parameters of the kidneys in practically healthy women of the middle intermediate somatotype revealed that most often models of both kidneys, as well as separately of the right and left kidneys, include the circumferential dimensions of the body (respectively, 35.9 – 33.3 – 38.5% of the total number of indicators included in the models). In addition, models of both kidneys most often include cephalometric indices (12.6%), thickness of skin-fat folds and body diameters (by 11.7%); models of the right kidney – body diameters (15.7%), cephalometric indices and width of distal epiphyses of long tubular bones of extremities (by 11.8%); models of the right kidney - the thickness of skin and fat folds (17.3%) and cephalometric indices (13.5%). Attention is drawn to the lack of entry into models of sonographic sizes of kidneys total body sizes.

As a result of the survey of 45 practically healthy women Podillia region of Ukraine mesomorphic somatotype built significant regression models sonographic parameters of right and left kidneys depending on anthropometric and somatic parameters with coefficient of determination (R-2) greater than 0.6. Of the 16 possible sonographic parameters of kidneys built only 7 significant regression models (namely, the length and width of the left kidney in the longitudinal section, the anterior-posterior size of the left kidney on the transverse section, the area of the longitudinal section and the volume of the left kidney and the area of the cross-section of the sinus and volume of the right kidney) with R-2 from 0.607 to 0.641. Sonographic parameters built models both kidneys often include-girth body size (29.8%) and cellophane indicators (19.1%); and among individual anthropo-somatotypological indicators-the largest head length and body weight (up to 4 models) and the circumference of the foot, the thickness of the skin-fat fold on the anterior surface of the shoulder and the muscle mass of the body, determined by the formula of the American Institute of Nutrition (up to 3 models)