Hormonal regulation of receptor expression and glycogen concentrations in the epithelial cells of the oral cavity remains poorly studied. Adhesion of microorganisms to the vaginal epithelium correlates with their adhesion to the buccal epithelium. Analysis of the correlation between Candida adhesion to the vaginal and buccal epithelium depending on the hormonal status has demonstrated that activity of Candida albicans strains in the buccal epithelium correlates with their adhesion activity in the vaginal epithelium, with the coefficient of correlations (r) reaching 0.76.

Microbial capsular polysaccharides for many years provided a highly practical public health vaccines for preventing meningococcal, pneumococcal and Haemophilus influenza infection, and typhoid fever. Their application in the form of conjugates with protein carriers eliminate the gap in protection against these infections in children under one year. Extremely promising turned out offered us a new generation of vaccines, which have synthetic peptides conjugated to a meningococcal polysaccharide. Thus, new approaches to the solution of the problem of meningococcal disease vaccination serogroup B were open. In recent years, Russian researchers first suggested to use IgA1 protease (one of the major virulence factors of microbes and almost identical for mentioned below infections) for prevention of such diseases as meningococcal of all serogroups, pneumococcus and hemophilia infections. Patented processes for producing of the vaccine define domestic priority of its production and use.

The incidence of Helicobacter pylori infection is analyzed by the results of screening of first- and fourth-year students of Moscow Institute of Foreign Affairs using HelicoSense Scientific breath test system. Age-related dynamics of the infection in patients examined for the first time has been traced. The data on infection rates in patients after eradication therapy are presented.

The hormonal and immune status of the macroorganism affects adhesive capacity of host's cells. In the present study we managed to confirm this postulate demonstrating that clinical isolates of Candida albicans species are increasing their adhesive activity to vaginal epithelial cells during the highest concentration of estrogen. This property in equal degrees characteristic of both C. albicans cells types, isolated from women with symptomatic or asymptomatic vaginal candidosis.

The lectin-binding component added to gel was studied in vivo as a potential therapeutic and preventive agent in experimental vaginal candidiasis. Laboratory studies demonstrated its antimycotic effect in relapsing vaginal candidiasis in mice.

Changes in the cell wall of yeast-like fungi Candida albicans caused by bacterial enzyme lyticase were studied under an electron microscope. The results were compared with the findings on phagocytosis of lyticase-treated Candida albicans by rat alveolar macrophages. It was shown that destruction of the mannan and fibrous outer layers of the cell wall of yeast-like fungi treated with the enzyme led to the release of intracellular organelles and their content. Lyticase treatment reduced the resistance of Candida albicans to intracellular digestion by macrophages contributing to completion of phagocytosis.

IgA1-protease allocated from the culture N. meningitidis serogroup A. As original materials were used three different intermediate products of vaccine production: cultural fluid, cetavlon supernatant and cetavlon precipitate. IgA1-protease was used to evaluate their protectivity and immunogenity. It was shown, that isolated IgA1 protease from the meningococcus serogroup A is able to protect mice, infected by meningococcus serogroup B.

Laboratory studies of lyticase (enzymatic drug) as an antimycotic agent were carried out. The enzyme reduced optical density of Candida albicans test culture, inhibited adhesion of yeast-like fungi on vaginal epitheliocytes, stimulated the formation of germinative tubes, and made Candida albicans more available for phagocytosis.

A sampling of lactobacilli from the German National Collection of Microorganisms and L. fermentum 90 TS-4 (21) reference strain clone 3 (Russian Federation) were studied. The results indicate that the receptors on the surface of lactobacillus strains from the German collection had no structures complementary to type 1 fimbriae, though adhesins of some of them reacted with mannose and galactose receptors. Adhesion on a monolayer of continuous cell cultures showed that adhesion activity of lactobacilli was a function of many derivatives, and hence, the choice of a model for evaluation of the adhesion characteristics of the strain should be based on adhesins exhibiting universal properties in different test systems. One of them can be lectin-binding adhesin; its expression on the surface of cultures of lactobacilli from the German collection varies within the same range as was shown previously for lactobacilli, studied by the same criterion. The molecular weight of lectin-binding adhesin is 25–30 kDa, and the corresponding receptors are frequently present on various eukaryotic cells, and hence, cell models can be considered as the most adequate for studies of the competitive interactions between lactobacilli and adhesins of pathogenic microorganisms.

There are some of the strains that have a very high adhesion activity, but the others express a lectin-depended component into the cultural media among industrial Lactobacilus strains. The lactin-depcndcd component that has been produced during concentrated cultural filtrate fraction of L.fermentum strain 90 TS-4(21) clone 3 has been determined as an acid glycoprotein with molecular weight from 100 to 300 kDa. The component modulates the adhesion of test cultures of the target cells.

The isolates of C. albicans that had been taken from patients with acute vulvovaginal candidiasis were researched and the following was determined. The acute vulvovaginal candidiasis strains were growing very fast in pH 6, and had a very high production of the germ tubes. The strains that had been taken from asymptomatic patients had maximum growth in pH5 and showed no significant germ tube production at this pH level. The acute vulvovaginal candidiasis strains had higher photolytic activity than asymptomatic ones.

Antagonistic activities of L. fermentum strain 90 TS-4 (21), L. casei ATCC 27216, and L. acidophilus ATCC 4356 and bactericidal activity of lactobacillus culture fluid towards E. coli strain K12, S. aureus, and S. epidermidis test cultures were studied. The bactericidal effect of L. fermentum strain 90 TS-4 (21) clone 3 culture fluid preparation (pH 6.0) on the test cultures was dose-dependent. Adhesion of C albicans yeast-like fungi to vaginal epitheliocytes was more pronounced for strains isolated from women with asymptomatic infection than for strains isolated from women with manifest forms. L. fermentum strain 90 TS-4 (21) clone 3 culture fluid preparation modulated adhesion of yeast-like fungi only if the fungal strain was initially highly adherent.

Six lactobacillus species and 4 clones of one of them were studied in order to clear out the ratio between the adhesion capacities of concanavalin A-reactive glycoprotein adhesins on the surface of the bacterial cell and glycoprotein adhesins released into the broth during culturing in liquid nutrient media. The adhesive activity of cultures is largely determined by the strain rather than species appurtenance. Elimination of glycoprotein adhesins from the bacterial cell and their antagonistic activity towards Candida albicans were demonstrated in specific interactions of glycoprotein adhesins with immune serum and concanavalin A.

We examined production of the protein-lipoteichoic complex detectable by concanavalin A in six lactobacillus strains. A correlation was found between detection of this complex by both reaction with concanavalin A and agglutination with strain-specific antiserum. The cultures were characterized by expression of different types of adhesins. Among them, strains were differentiated with low adhesion activity and intensive production of the protein-lipoteichoic complex and strains with wide adhesin spectrum not producing the complex. We assume that a combination of lactobacillus variants differing in production of the protein-lipoteichoic complex and adhesion potency can be a basis of efficient probiotic preparation.