Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is a serious health problem worldwide. UPEC's multiple drug resistance combined with virulence factors is a cause of serious concern. In childhood, urinary tract infections are of particular importance, since they can occur against the background of long-term unrecognized congenital anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tract. Of the 106 UPEC clinical isolates, 63.2% of cultures were isolated from girls' urine samples and 36.8% from boys' urine samples, which corresponds to a 1.7: 1 ratio. The antibiotic resistance of the isolated UPEC cultures was assessed in relation to 12 antimicrobial drugs. Among the tested cultures, 49% were multidrug-resistant and 20.75% were found to be resistant to imipenem. Phenotypic analysis of antibiotic susceptibility spectrum of uropathogenic E.coli (n=106) indicates a high percentage of occurrence of multi-resistant UPEC strains (49%) and imipenem-resistant UPEC strains (20.75%) among children of all age groups.

Antibacterial activity of propolis samples from different regions using several techniques has studied. It is shown that only the methodology outlined in the GOST R 53124-2008 “Propolis. Antimicrobial activity”, gives a correct result. The maximum antimicrobial activity has been detected in the sample from the Lugansk region, Ukraine. It has been established that the water-soluble portion of alcoholic extract of propolis has no antimicrobial activity.

Hormonal regulation of receptor expression and glycogen concentrations in the epithelial cells of the oral cavity remains poorly studied. Adhesion of microorganisms to the vaginal epithelium correlates with their adhesion to the buccal epithelium. Analysis of the correlation between Candida adhesion to the vaginal and buccal epithelium depending on the hormonal status has demonstrated that activity of Candida albicans strains in the buccal epithelium correlates with their adhesion activity in the vaginal epithelium, with the coefficient of correlations (r) reaching 0.76.

Experiments with passive transfer of immunocompetent cell and serum demonstrated suppression of tumor growth after transfer of splenocytes from animals immunized with Trypanosoma cruzi. The nonspecific constituent of antitumor effect of immunocompetent cells was detected. The previously reported oncoprotective effect of mucins 2 and 3 was not confirmed.

Adhesion activity of L. acidophilus NK1, L. fermentum 90 TS4, and C. albicans 506 B on female vaginal epithelium was studied. Adhesion of various lactobacillus species was hormone-dependent. Adhesion of C. albicans 506 B was not associated with estrogen level. The effects of synthetic drugs and phytopreparations used for hormone replacement on adhesion of vaginal microbiocenosis members varied.

The hormonal and immune status of the macroorganism affects adhesive capacity of host's cells. In the present study we managed to confirm this postulate demonstrating that clinical isolates of Candida albicans species are increasing their adhesive activity to vaginal epithelial cells during the highest concentration of estrogen. This property in equal degrees characteristic of both C. albicans cells types, isolated from women with symptomatic or asymptomatic vaginal candidosis.

The article deals with the testing of phytoestrogens containing in plants endemic to Chile. This research confirms that phytoextract has the similar effect upon the target-tissues like estradiol. It was detected, that this substance inhibits the stimulating action of estradiol over the population of lactobacillus in vagina.

Phytoestrogens present in the plants endemic for Chile were studied. The effects of phytoextract [specimen of preparation No. 181 (fraction b)] on target tissues were similar to those of estradiol. The preparation inhibited the stimulatory effect of estradiol on vaginal lactobacilli population.

The lectin-binding component added to gel was studied in vivo as a potential therapeutic and preventive agent in experimental vaginal candidiasis. Laboratory studies demonstrated its antimycotic effect in relapsing vaginal candidiasis in mice.

Changes in the cell wall of yeast-like fungi Candida albicans caused by bacterial enzyme lyticase were studied under an electron microscope. The results were compared with the findings on phagocytosis of lyticase-treated Candida albicans by rat alveolar macrophages. It was shown that destruction of the mannan and fibrous outer layers of the cell wall of yeast-like fungi treated with the enzyme led to the release of intracellular organelles and their content. Lyticase treatment reduced the resistance of Candida albicans to intracellular digestion by macrophages contributing to completion of phagocytosis.

Lyticase (a bacterial enzyme) was tested as a new antimycotic drug. Of all objects studied, Cellulomonas cellulans AC-870 strain proved to be most productive for this enzyme. A technology for lyticase isolation and purification was proposed. An experimental model of recurrent vaginal candidiasis was created. The model includes combined antibiotic and estradiol therapy. Antimycotic effect of lyticase on the model of recurrent vaginal candidiasis in mice was demonstrated.

Laboratory studies of lyticase (enzymatic drug) as an antimycotic agent were carried out. The enzyme reduced optical density of Candida albicans test culture, inhibited adhesion of yeast-like fungi on vaginal epitheliocytes, stimulated the formation of germinative tubes, and made Candida albicans more available for phagocytosis.

Trypanosoma cruzi antibodies that are important in the anticancer effect of this species of Trypanosoma were first detected in 14% of the 374 examined intact mice. These background antibodies were polyclonal, i.e. they reacted with one or other of 9 genetically different T. cruzi clones and detected antigenic determinants in different structures of a Trypanosoma cell. Their spread in the population varied with animal batches; the titers were not greater than 1:40 and the level remained steady during a one-month observation. The growth of Ehrlich's adenomacarcinoma inoculated to these mice was inhibited by 1.5-2.5 times and, in some cases, terminated in total regression. The paper discusses the capacities of such antibodies in man and their inductor-commonness of the antigens of the normal intestinal microflora and the cells of the vertebrate with T. cruzi.

There are some results of laboratory research of commercial preparation Lyticase, as new antimicotic means in the article. During research it was found out that the given preparation reduces optical density of test culture Candida albicans to 53%; brakes adhesion of a mushroom on vaginal epithelial cells of the healthy woman; stimulates candidal tubes constitution and does their more accessible for phagocytosis.

The experiments with passive transfer of splenocytes obtained from animals immunized with Trypanosoma cruzi lysate revealed the role of cell-mediated component of the immunity in the antitumor effect of T. cruzi. The common features of T. cruzi antigens and tumor-specific antigens of Ehrlich's adenocarcinoma were demonstrated. These antigens were shown to have common epitopes with mammalian mucins. The oncoprotective effect was achieved by immunization with type II and III mucins and was reproduced after passive transfer of splenocytes from immunized animals.

A sampling of lactobacilli from the German National Collection of Microorganisms and L. fermentum 90 TS-4 (21) reference strain clone 3 (Russian Federation) were studied. The results indicate that the receptors on the surface of lactobacillus strains from the German collection had no structures complementary to type 1 fimbriae, though adhesins of some of them reacted with mannose and galactose receptors. Adhesion on a monolayer of continuous cell cultures showed that adhesion activity of lactobacilli was a function of many derivatives, and hence, the choice of a model for evaluation of the adhesion characteristics of the strain should be based on adhesins exhibiting universal properties in different test systems. One of them can be lectin-binding adhesin; its expression on the surface of cultures of lactobacilli from the German collection varies within the same range as was shown previously for lactobacilli, studied by the same criterion. The molecular weight of lectin-binding adhesin is 25–30 kDa, and the corresponding receptors are frequently present on various eukaryotic cells, and hence, cell models can be considered as the most adequate for studies of the competitive interactions between lactobacilli and adhesins of pathogenic microorganisms.

Three sources of antibodies against T. cruzi have been discovered in mouse blood: (1) spontaneous origin; (2) implantation of adenocarcinoma; (3) injection of lysed epimastigote form of trypanosome. In all of these cases, they represent the assortment of antibodies to the genetically different clones of T. cruzi . Their presence in mouse blood correlates with the inhibition of tumor growth. There are significant similarities between antibodies induced by lysed T. cruzi and induced by tumor implantation, the main of which is prevalence of homology to the same clones: G, P, Sp (group DTU 1 ), and MAS (subgroup DTU2b).