为了解牛传染性鼻气管炎近期在山西省规模化牛场的流行情况,试验采用ELISA方法对牛血清中牛传染性鼻气管炎的抗体水平进行了研究.结果表明:山西省从北到南不同区域的规模化牛场群体阳性率达到92.31%,个体阳性率达到66.65%.其中2020年晋北区域、晋中区域、晋南区域牛场的牛传染性鼻气管炎抗体个体阳性率均大于 70%,晋南区域的阳性率最高,为 89.67%;乳用牛高达90.84%,肉用牛为47.56%.2021年晋中区域、晋南区域牛场的牛传染性鼻气管炎抗体个体阳性率分别由2020年的71.95%、89.67%降为31.25%、52.35%;乳用牛为52.80%,肉用牛为27.27%.说明山西省从北到南各个区域的规模化牛场已普遍存在牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒感染,不同区域规模化养殖场的感染率不相同,乳用牛的感染率高于肉用牛.

采用50/30 um DVB/CAR/PDMS(二乙基苯/碳分子筛/聚二甲基硅氧烷)萃取头,萃取条件:45℃加热10 min,吸附20 min,解吸附5 min;进样口温度270℃,分流比10:1,载气为氦气,流速1 mL/min,色谱柱Thermo(30 m×0.25 mm×0.25μm),升温程序:40℃保持3 min,5℃/min升到150℃,10℃/min升到250℃,保持5 min,整个程序40 min.质谱条件:EI离子源,离子源温度:280℃,传输线温度:280℃,扫描质量范围:45～500 amu的检测条件,通过应用顶空固相微萃取/气质联用(HS-SPME/GC-MS)技术,对大肠杆菌污染鲜牛奶与空白组进行对照试验,结果表明:大肠杆菌污染鲜牛奶特征性的挥发性代谢产物为乙醇、乙酸、正辛酸、正癸酸、苯并噻唑,为奶牛大肠杆菌性乳房炎早期诊断方法的建立提供理论基础.

为探讨鲜奶和金黄色葡萄球菌污染的鲜奶中挥发性代谢产物的差异,应用75μm CAR/PDMS萃取头,Thermo(30 m×0.25 mm×0.25μm)色谱柱,通过优化方法,分别对鲜奶和金黄色葡萄球菌污染的鲜奶中挥发性代谢产物进行萃取,用顶空固相微萃取/气质联用(HS-SPME/GC-MS)技术进行检测,以鉴别两组的差异代谢物.结果显示,鲜奶组中检测到挥发性代谢物11种,金黄色葡萄球菌污染的鲜奶中检测到挥发性代谢物11种,其中共同的挥发性代谢物5种.本研究可为鉴别由金黄色葡萄球菌污染的鲜奶提供新的思路.

伪狂犬病又称狂痒病、猪疱疹病毒病、奥其基氏病、阿捷申氏病,是由伪狂犬病病毒引起的犬、猫、猪、牛、羊、兔等多种动物共患的一种急性传染病,病的特征为发热、奇痒(猪除外),脑脊髓炎和神经炎的症状,人也可感染,但一般不发生死亡.

为了研究当前山西省猪伪狂犬病(PR)的流行特点及遗传变异情况,对山西分离的3株猪伪狂犬病痛毒(PRV)分离株(SXQX株、SXTG株和SXYP株)的gE全基因进行了扩增、克隆和测序(已被GenBank收录).并将gE全基因序列和推导出的氨基酸序列与不同国家和地区的主要流行株进行了遗传变异多样性分析.结果 显示,3株PRV分离株的gE全基因序列之间核苷酸及推导的氨基酸序列同源性分别为99.7％～100.0％和99.5％～100.％,与34株不同国家和地区的PRV参考株之间同源性分别为97.1％～100.0％和94.6％～100.0％,与欧美分离株的同源性分别为97.1％～97.6％和94.6％～95.7％,与2012年以来我国不同省份分离株的同源性分别为98.8％～100.0％和98.1％～100.0％,与2012年以前分离的经典毒株同源性分别为98.4％～99.7％和97.2％～99.3％.PRV gE全基因组序列的进化分析表明,3株PRV分离株属于亚洲基因群中2012年以来国内不同地区相继分离的PRV变异株群,而与2012年前分离的经典强毒株群亲缘关系较远,与欧美基因群亲缘关系最远.进一步进行核苷酸及氨基酸多序列比对分析发现,3株PRV分离株的gE基因均有一些位点发生了突变.本试验为近年来山西地区PRV的流行特点和PRV变异情况提供了依据.

非洲猪瘟传入我国以来,给我国养猪业造成了巨大的损失.非洲猪瘟可防可控,文章从消灭传染源、切断传播途径、保护易感猪群方面介绍了构建猪场生物安全体系的防控技术.

为了探究断奶仔猪大肠杆菌病的发病原因,选取山西省介休市某规模化猪场中单栋饲养量为500头并有大肠杆菌病发生的半封闭保育猪舍1栋,分别采集舍内的空气、猪的粪便和鼻腔黏液、发病猪的肺部组织样品,进行大肠杆菌的分离培养与鉴定,并对分离出的大肠杆菌进行16S rDNA基因全长测序和同源性分析。结果表明,培养鉴定后共分离出大肠杆菌21株（包括舍内空气中12株、猪的粪便中3株、猪的鼻腔黏液中3株、发病猪的肺部组织中3株）,通过细菌通用引物27F和1492R,扩增到大肠杆菌16S rDNA基因全长约1 500 bp。其中,空气中的大肠杆菌与猪的粪便、鼻腔黏液、发病猪的肺部组织样品中的大肠杆菌相似度分别为98.0%～99.2%、94.9%～96.3%和98.3%～99.1%。由此可见,粪源大肠杆菌是猪舍空气环境中大肠杆菌的主要来源,且保育猪舍内大肠杆菌在猪体、粪便和舍内环境中均存在,不同源大肠杆菌16S rDNA基因之间具有较高同源性。

研究选择两个不同通风方式及卫生管理水平的猪场,研究不同饲养管理模式下的猪舍空气质量的差异.调查结果表明,乙猪场哺乳母猪舍氨气(NH3)浓度极显著低于甲猪场(P<0.01);保育舍NH3浓度显著低于甲猪场(P<0.05);肥育舍NH3浓度显著低于甲猪场(P<0.05).结果还表明不同饲养管理模式下,有害气体和悬浮颗粒物(TSP)的浓度会有很大区别.由此可见,通风方式及卫生管理水平显著影响猪舍的空气质量.

The histopathology and ultrastructural pathological changes in the lungs,spleen,lymph nodes of piglets infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV) were observed systematacially.In result,the characteristics of pathological lesions caused by the PRRSV variant were interstitial pneumonia associated with degeneration and necrosis in cells of the lymph node,liver,spleen,kidney,heart,stomach,intestines and other organs.The alveolar macrophage,hepatocyte,renal tubular epithelial cell as well as the lymphocytes of lymph-gland and spleen were infected to various degrees,which contained plenty of virions.The most serious pathogenic organ was the lung,with membrane structure damage to all kinds of organelles in part of alveolar macrophages which tended to die,and mitochondria and cell nucleus were changed relatively serious.In this study,we accumulated plenty of pathology data of piglets infected with the PRRSV variant to provide theoretical basis for research of the pathogenesis and harm of PRRSV,which has directive significance to the pathological diagnosis and prevention-control against PRRSV.

为了探寻规模化猪场封闭舍内空气微生物和猪体微生物菌群结构、丰度之间的相关性,建立完善的消毒防疫机制,在山西省介休市某规模化猪场选取单栋饲养量为500头的半封闭保育猪舍1栋,分别采集舍内空气(n=9)、鼻腔黏液(n=7)、粪便(n=7)、猪组织器官(n=4)(喉头、气管、淋巴、肺部)共27个样本,对样本中的细菌进行16S rDNA(V3+V4区)高通量测序,分析微生物群落种类及丰度.结果显示:猪舍空气样本中的微生物群落种类和丰度最高,空气样本和猪鼻腔黏液、粪便、猪组织器官样本的微生物组成和相对丰度基本一致,所占比例最高的为厚壁菌门,其次为拟杆菌门,丰度较高的菌种为梭菌、链球菌、普雷沃氏菌、乳酸菌等;猪舍空气样本菌群中丰度较高的病原菌属为梭菌属和链球菌属.结果表明:保育猪舍空气、鼻腔黏液、粪便、猪组织器官中的微生物群落结构及其丰度具有较高的相关性,对猪场疾病防控有一定指导意义.

为了了解山西地区奶牛副结核病的流行情况,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)进行了调查分析.结果表明,在784头奶牛血清样品中,有202头奶牛副结核抗体呈阳性,阳性率为25.77％.山西地区奶牛副结核病的感染率高,严重威胁着山西省奶牛业的发展,应该加强该病的防控.

为了研究乳房炎对奶牛生理代谢的影响,给奶牛乳房炎的防治提供血液学依据,应用酶联免疫吸附法和荧光定量检测法对临床型乳房炎奶牛、隐性乳房炎奶牛和健康奶牛血液中的细胞因子TNF-α、IL-1β含量及其mRNA基因表达进行测定.结果显示,乳房炎奶牛血液中TNF-α、IL-1β含量及mRNA表达水平均高于正常奶牛.本研究为揭示乳房炎的免疫学机制、辅助乳房炎的诊断、评估其治疗效果提供了理论依据和方法.

为评估华北地区保育猪舍空气环境质量,对舍内温度、湿度及CO2、NH3、总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)和气载需氧菌浓度等开展长期连续监测,并对这些指标的日变化和季节性变化规律进行分析.结果表明:在春、秋季,保育舍内CO2、NH3浓度日变化均呈现早晚高、下午低的趋势,夏季CO2、NH3浓度均极显著低于其他季节(P＜0.01),春、秋、冬季大部分时间点CO2浓度超过4 000 mg/m3;保育猪舍TSP浓度日变化呈现白天高、晚上低的趋势,08:30浓度最高,22:30浓度最低,季节性变化趋势为冬季最高、夏季最低;在春、夏、秋季,保育猪舍气载需氧菌浓度呈现早晚高、下午低的趋势,冬季浓度明显高于其他季节.此外,部分CO2、TSP和气载需氧菌浓度值超出国家标准范围,有待采取相应措施.

为了全面了解山西省奶牛乳腺炎的主要致病菌及其耐药情况,本研究对山西省榆次、清徐、祁县、太谷、山阴、永济及太原郊区奶牛场1 300头奶牛乳腺炎进行流行病学调查.随机从不同规模的奶牛场采集乳腺炎奶牛奶样120份,进行病原的分离培养、鉴定及药敏试验.结果:120份样品共分离出8种402株病原菌,经鉴定主要病原菌为大肠杆菌78株(19.4％),大肠杆菌ESBL阳性株18株(4.5％),葡萄球菌88株(21.9％)、链球菌95株(23.6％)、小型原藻40株(10.0％)、克柔念珠菌45株(11.2％).对试验用12种药物,大肠杆菌耐药的有1种,敏感的有11种;大肠杆菌ESBL阳性株(耐β内酰胺酶)敏感的有2种,耐药的有10种;链球菌耐药的有5种,敏感的有7种;葡萄球菌耐药的有2种,敏感的有10种.对5种抗真菌药物,小型原藻敏感的有1种,耐药的4种;克柔念珠菌敏感的2种,耐药的3种.结论:近年来真菌和大肠杆菌ESBL阳性株导致的奶牛乳腺炎的比例有所增加;其他几种细菌都有不同程度的耐药性.

To investigate the variation the ORF3 gene of Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus,4 PEDV field strains were cloned and sequenced which were isolated from 11 cities of Shanxi from 2014 to 2015.These strains were analyzed and compared with the other published PEDV strains.Sequence analysis of ORF3 gene revealed that the 4 PEDV field strains had several specific nucleotides and amino acids which were different from CV777.The nucleotide and amino acid homologies were 99.6% to 100.0% and 98.7% to 99.6% among 4 PEDV field strains.Compared with CV777,CV777 truncated,attenuated DR13,the nucleotide homologies were 96.6% to 97.0%,90.6%,97.6% to 98.1%,and amino acid homologies were 95.1% to 96.0%,88.0%,97.1% to 98.1%,respectively.Phylogenetic analysis showed that the 4 PEDV field strains were genetically close to other prevalent strains from other parts of China from 2010 to 2015,CH/JL/09 isolated in 2009;However,there were genetically different from CV777,LZC,Brl/87,CV777 truncated,attenuated DR13.

为研究空气智能净化系统对密闭猪舍空气质量的影响,本试验将50日龄仔猪分为2组,分别饲养在条件一致的密闭猪舍中.一栋作为对照组(未安装空气智能净化系统),另一栋猪舍作为试验组(安装空气智能净化系统).结果表明:空气智能净化系统开启后,猪舍中有害气体(NH3、C02)、总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)以及需氧型微生物气溶胶浓度均呈下降趋势.此外,同对照组相比,试验组NH3CO2、TSP以及需氧型微生物气溶胶浓度的最大降幅分别为35.98％、29.15％、67.97％和72.59％(P＜0.01).说明空气智能净化系统可以显著改善密闭猪舍的空气质量.

In order to investigate the variation in S gene of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), the 4 strains of PEDV S gene nucleotide sequences were obtained, through RT-PCR amplification of tissue samples from Shanxi province.The obtained sequences and the deduced amino acid were analyzed and compared with the other published PEDV strains.Sequence analysis showed that compared with CV777 vaccine, there were 12 nucleotides insertions between 170 to 171 bp, 3 nucleotides insertions between 401 to 402 and 454 to 455 bp, 6 nucleotides deletion between 461 to 468 bp.The nucleotide and amino acid homologies were 99.2% to 99.8% and 98.6% to 99.7% respectively among 4 strains of PEDV S gene;Comparing with the strains isolated from China in 2011 to 2015, CV777 vaccine, attenuated DR13 and CV777, the nucleotide homologies were 95.0% to 98.5%,93.2% to 93.6%,92.1% to 92.9%,93.7% to 94.4%,respectively.The amino acid homology were 96.2% to 98.9%,91.9% to 92.9%,91.9% to 92.6%,92.9% to 94.0%, respectively.Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 4 strains of PEDV S gene belonged to the first group and had high correlative genetic relationship with the PEDV strains which isolated after 2010 in China, and had far correlative genetic relationship with the PEDV strains which isolated before 2010 in China, 2 strains of Japanese, 7 strains of South Korea, 2 vaccine strains.The results suggested that the prevalence of PEDV in Shanxi province had a more obvious variation.Therefore, it was necessary to develop a new vaccine to control the outbreak of PEDV.

In order to study genetic variation diversity of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) strains in Shanxi,the genomic sequences of nine PCV2 strains including SXQX,SXCZ,SXTY2,SXJC,SXJX,SXLL,SXPY,SXPG and SXXY recently isolated from some areas of Shanxi from 2013 to 2016,was cloned,sequenced and received by GenBank.The amplified PCV2 genomic sequences,ORF2 sequences and Cap protein amino acid of these nine strains were analysed and compared with those of published 28 PCV2 strains by DNAStar,drawing phylogenetic tree.The results showed that the genomic sequences of SXJX,SXJC and SXXY PCV2 strains were 1 768 bp,and the others were 1 767 bp,which accounted for 33％ and 67％,respectively.The homologies of nucleotide sequences of the nine strains were 94.7％-99.8％,the homologies of nucleotide sequences of the nine strains with the 28 isolates from different regions of the world PCV strain were 93.9％-99.9％,and the homologies of nucleotide sequences of the nine strains with the domestic vaccine strains were 95.1％-99.8％.The phylogenetic analysed that SXJX,SXJC and SXXY belonged to genotype PCV-2D,SXLL,SXPY and SXCZ belonged to genotype PCV-1C,and SXTY14,SXPG and SXQX belonged to genotype PCV-1A/1B.Thus it proved that the epidemic strain of PCV2 was mainly PCV-2b in Shanxi.The homologies of ORF2 nucleotide sequences and Cap amino acid of the nine strains were 90.0％-100.0％ and 87.1 ％-100.0％ respectively,the homologies of ORF2 nucleotide sequences and Cap amino acid of the nine strains with the 28 isolates from different regions of the world PCV strain were 87.6％-100.0％ and 84.1％-100.0％ respectively,and the homologies of ORF2 nucleotide sequences and Cap amino acid of the nine strains with the domestic vaccine strains were 91.0％-100.0％ and 89.3％-100.0％ respectively.The Cap amino acids of SXQX,SXJX,SXTY14,SXPG,SXJC and SXXY PCV2 were 233,ORF2 of SXQX,SXTY14 and SXPG located at 1 033-1 734 bp,ORF2 of SXXY,SXJX and SXJC located at 1 033-1 734 bp,and the Cap amino acids of SXCZ,SXLL and SXPY PCV2 were 234,ORF2 of them located at 1 030-1 734 bp,in addition,the positions of 1 030-1 734 bp were more three bases TCA than other ORF2 genome sequence of 1 767 bp,resulting in increasing a K (Lys) of amino acid sequencein at the 234 position.Also Cap protein of 9 PCV2 strains showed more amino acid variation in addition to the only high-ly conserved glycosylation sites (NYS) (pp.143-145 amino acid).It provided theoretical basis for the PCV2 immune prevention of research in Shanxi,and the data of basic theory of molecular pathogenesis of PCV2.

为了验证所建立的多重PCR法检测奶牛乳腺炎的灵敏性,应用所建立的多重PCR法与传统细菌培养法对临床型乳腺炎(54份)和隐性乳腺炎(145份)共计199份乳样进行了无乳链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的检测,检测结果用SPSS 18.0软件进行统计分析.结果表明:对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的检测,多重PCR法的灵敏性显著高于细菌培养法(P＜0.05),而对无乳链球菌的检测,两种方法的敏感性无显著差异(P＞0.05).说明所建立的多重PCR法灵敏性高于细菌培养法.

Lüliang black goat is a good local goat breed in Shanxi province,it has the characteristics of strong adaptability,resistance to roughage,easy fatten,disease resistance and stress resistance,and good meat quality.It mainly distributes in the west Shanxi Lüliang mountain area.Protection and development of utilization of this high-quality characteristic germplasm resources,transforming the resource advantage into brand advantage and benefit advantage,is of practical significance to promote the development of the characteristics of livestock husbandry and poverty alleviation in Lüliang city.This paper expounds the present situation of the development of Lüliang black goat industry,analyzes its industrial development potential,and puts forward some suggestions on its protection and breeding and the development of characteristic industry.