Background:Pediatric dental behavior management is difficult to teach because learners need safe opportunities to practice. Digital simulation tools offer new opportunities for safer and more structured training. However, the use of these approaches in pediatric dental behavior management education has not been systematically synthesized. Objective:This systematic review aimed to synthesize the evidence on digital simulation tools in pediatric dental behavior management education, focusing on their design, implementation, and educational outcomes, and the extent to which virtual reality (VR) and serious game-based approaches have been studied. Methods:Following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and the CNKI were searched for studies published between January 1, 2015, and December 10, 2025. An updated search using the same strategy across all 6 databases was performed on June 5, 2026. Only original research studies were eligible. Study characteristics, intervention design, implementation approaches, and educational outcomes were extracted, including technical skill acquisition, soft-skill and affective competency development, and learner experience and acceptability. Risk of bias was assessed independently by 2 reviewers using design-specific appraisal tools. Due to substantial heterogeneity in study designs, interventions, and outcome measures, findings were synthesized narratively rather than through meta-analysis. Results:A total of 21 studies were included, including 20 studies identified in the original search and 1 study identified in the updated search. The identified evidence focused mainly on VR, haptic virtual reality simulation systems, augmented reality, 3D-printed models, and AI-driven chatbots. No eligible studies on gamification or serious games were identified, despite the inclusion of serious games and gamification terms in the search strategy. VR scenario simulations enhanced learners' empathy and self-efficacy in communicating with child patients, although these effects appeared to require reinforcement through repeated use. Haptic virtual reality simulation showed advantages in supporting specific procedural skills. Augmented reality improved local anesthesia training efficiency. The 3D-printed models and role-playing with professional actors enhanced clinical realism and communication skills, while AI-driven chatbots improved caregiver oral health knowledge and behaviors. Across studies, these tools were positioned as complements, rather than replacements for, traditional teaching. Conclusions:Evidence suggests that digital simulation tools, especially VR-based approaches, may support pediatric dental behavior management education by enhancing procedural practice, empathy, communication, confidence, and caregiver-related learning. However, substantial heterogeneity, reliance on self-reported measures, and the rapid evolution of digital simulation technologies limit the strength and currency of the evidence. The absence of eligible serious game studies indicates an important research gap. This review highlights their practical value for curriculum development and future educational tool design. Future work should evaluate VR and serious game-based approaches using stronger study designs, standardized outcomes, longer follow-up, and implementation strategies.

Predictable pulp-dentin regeneration continues to represent a major challenge in regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs). Although collagen-based scaffolds are widely investigated for their excellent biocompatibility, their ability to deliver consistent clinical and histological outcomes requires critical evaluation. This review summarizes recent advances in the application of collagen scaffolds for REPs. Clinical studies demonstrate that these scaffolds support high tooth survival rates and promote vitality recovery, root wall thickening, and apical closure. However, consistent root lengthening remains elusive. Histologically, the newly formed mineralized tissue from collagen scaffolds within REPs tends to be cementum-like or bone-like rather than reparative dentin, a pattern closely associated with the physicochemical properties of collagen, including pore size, porosity, concentration, stiffness, viscosity, and viscoelasticity. We conclude that while collagen scaffolds represent a “promising platform” for REPs due to their biocompatibility and clinical performance, current evidence indicates that they do not consistently achieve true pulp-dentin regeneration. We therefore propose targeted modification and advanced tissue engineering strategies to direct genuine regeneration. This review offers a framework for the rational design of next-generation collagen constructs toward more predictable regenerative outcomes.

Root fractures often occur in immature maxillary permanent central incisors and can be combined with other injuries, making treating more difficult and prognosis uncertain. A 10-year-old girl sustaining a second dental trauma came to our hospital. Teeth 11 and 21 experienced root fracture following the first injury 15 months earlier. The second injury resulted in lateral luxation of the coronal fragment of Tooth 11 from the original fracture site and subluxation of Tooth 21. Tooth 11 was repositioned, and both Teeth 11 and 21 were splinted for 3 months. An apical plug was applied to Tooth 21 at 52 months. After 8 years of follow-up, complete resorption was observed in the apical fragment of Tooth 11, and both teeth exhibited a favourable prognosis. It illustrates that complex root fractures sustaining two separate traumatic incidents can have a positive long-term outcome through accurately judging and grasping the timing of sequential treatment.

Ectopic eruption of the first permanent molars is a local eruption disturbance. The frequency of ectopically erupted first permanent molars is predominant in boys and primarily affects the maxilla. Interceptive treatment for irreversible ectopic eruptions should be initiated early to prevent space loss and the impaction of the second premolars. Herein, we report the case of a six-year-old girl with irreversible ectopic eruption of the bilateral mandibular first permanent molarstreated with a modified lingual arch. The mandibular first permanent molars were successfully distalised after six months of treatment, and one year of follow-up showed a satisfactory outcome. The modified lingual arch satisfies not only the clinical aspects of treatment but also the patient's well-being. However, the lingual arch may disturb tooth eruption in the mixed dentition stage.

Introduction Despite decades of research, systemic autoimmune diseases (SADs) continue to be a major global health concern and the etiology of these diseases is still not clear. To date, with the development of high-throughput techniques, increasing evidence indicated a key role of oral microbiome in the pathogenesis of SADs, and the alterations of oral microbiome may contribute to the disease emergence or evolution. This review is to present the latest knowledge on the relationship between the oral microbiome and SADs, focusing on the multiomics data generated from a large set of samples. Methodology By searching the PubMed and Embase databases, studies that investigated the oral microbiome of SADs, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and Sjögren's syndrome (SS), were systematically reviewed according to the PRISMA guidelines. Results One thousand and thirty-eight studies were found, and 25 studies were included: three referred to SLE, 12 referred to RA, nine referred to SS, and one to both SLE and SS. The 16S rRNA sequencing was the most frequent technique used. HOMD was the most common database aligned to and QIIME was the most popular pipeline for downstream analysis. Alterations in bacterial composition and population have been found in the oral samples of patients with SAD compared with the healthy controls. Results regarding candidate pathogens were not always in accordance, but Selenomonas and Veillonella were found significantly increased in three SADs, and Streptococcus was significantly decreased in the SADs compared with controls. Conclusion A large amount of sequencing data was collected from patients with SAD and controls in this systematic review. Oral microbial dysbiosis had been identified in these SADs, although the dysbiosis features were different among studies. There was a lack of standardized study methodology for each study from the inclusion criteria, sample type, sequencing platform, and referred database to downstream analysis pipeline and cutoff. Besides the genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics technology should be used to investigate the oral microbiome of patients with SADs and also the at-risk individuals of disease development, which may provide us with a better understanding of the etiology of SADs and promote the development of the novel therapies.

第四次全国口腔健康流行病学调查显示,5 岁儿童患龋率达 70.9％,充填率仅4.1％,我国儿童龋病情况较为严峻而且儿童患龋情况呈现上升趋势,2016 年浙江省口腔健康现况调查结果显示3-5 岁儿童患龋率为70.81％,但是我国儿童口腔医生非常缺乏.

目的:评价思维导图教学法在儿童口腔临床带教的应用效果.方法:选择2018年1月-12月入我院儿童口腔科轮转的40名学员,随机分为实验组(n=20)和对照组(n=20),对照组采用传统带教方法,实验组采用思维导图辅助教学.两组学员轮转前后均进行考试,轮转结束后对学员进行访谈.结果:两组学员在轮转前的成绩无显著性差异.轮转结束后,两组学员的成绩均有提高,实验组学员成绩提高相对较多,但无显著性差异.访谈结果表明,实验组学员对学习展现更高的积极性,并对教学方式更加认可.结论:思维导图能提高学员对教学内容的记忆与掌握,提高学习积极性,为临床带教提供新的教学思路与方法.

Objective To assess the anesthetic efficacy of articaine versus lidocaine for irreversible pulpitis.Methods We electronically searched PubMed,EMbase,Cochrane Library (Issue 4,2009),CNKI,VIP and CBM.The search was updated to December 2009.Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs were indentified about articaine and lidocaine for irreversible pulpitis.Study selection and meta-analysis were conducted according to the Cochrane Handbook for systematic reviews.And RevMan5.0 was applied for statistical analysis in success rate.Results Nine trials involving 985 pulpitis patients were included.Meta-analysis indicated that,both the anesthetic success rate (RR=1.33,95%CI 1.23 to1.44) and maxillary anesthetic success rate (RR=1.65,95%CI 1.38 to 1.98) of articaine were superior to that of lidocaine,but there was no statistical significance in mandibular anesthetic success rate between two groups (RR=1.28,95%CI 0.97 to 1.69).Conclusion The current evidence shows that articaine is superior to lidocaine in anesthetic efficacy,and is good at maxillary anesthesia.