Lipoic acid stimulated expression of heat shock proteins 25, 70, and 90 in liver cells of Wistar rats with metabolic stress (5 days of food deprivation followed by complete resumption of nutrition). Lipoic acid in a dose of 25 mg/kg reduced proliferation of hepatic lymphocytes during fasting, while after resumption of feeding it stimulated hepatocyte proliferation due to differentiated regulation of the expression of cyclin D1 and Rb protein in these cell populations.

Under conditions of metabolic stress induced in Wistar rats by 5-day starvation with subsequent refeeding, supplementation with coenzyme Q10 in doses of 10 and 100 μg/kg of body weight resulted in significant increase in liver weight after the experiment. Percent ratio of liver cell populations was changed, which was detected by flow cytometry. In addition, specific effects of low dose of coenzyme Q10 (10 mg/kg body weight) on hepatocytes was observed, which manifested in increased number of mitoses and percentage of S-phase cells, enhanced expression of D1 and Rb-protein expression, and reduced percent of apoptotic hepatocytes. Adaptive effects of coenzyme Q10 are associated with enhanced expression of Hsp25, Hsp70, and Hsp90 in hepatocytes during metabolic stress.

The time course of changes in mTOR kinase protein and Akt and HSP70 molecular chaperone in hepatic cells was studied in a model system of metabolic stress (48-h food deprivation with subsequent restoration of normal volume of nutrition) on C57Bl/6 mice. The fluorescence intensity of mTOR protein stained with antibodies decreased in all liver cells during fasting. The expression of mTOR protein in different populations of liver cells was heterogeneous. The percentage of cells with initially high expression of mTOR protein decreased during 48-h food deprivation, while the percentage of cells with low mTOR expression increased. The levels of mTOR, Akt, and HSP70 returned to normal only on day 4 after normalization of nutrition.

It was investigated the influence of dietary therapy containing sunflower oil with phospholipids (PL) on the lipid profile of plasma and composition of fatty acids of red blood cells in patients with hypertension and obesity. The results show that after the period of three weeks for each diet the unrefined sunflower oil supplemented with PL (30 gr oil containing 10, 8 gr PL) in diet had more influence on lowering of blood pressure (specially on diastolic BP). This diet reduced serum total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL), apolipoprotein A 1, apoB and fibrinogen more than the refined sunflower oil diet. This oil presents useful source of polyunsaturated fatty acids and essential PL for diets aimed at prevention of heart disease.

This paper is a review of the recent literature data related to structure, composition and physico-chemical properties of starches as well as the special methods of processing of the starch containing raw sources producing the food products with increasing content of resistant starches. The prognosis is made about usefulness of such resistant starches for control of some metabolic disorder in human organism and for prophylactic aims.

Decrease of adaptable opportunities at children from ecologically unsuccessful region with a defective diet is marked. Attributes deceleration, tendencies to leucopenia, lumphopenia, monocytopenia, reduction of the maintenance of hemoglobin are revealed. Change of structurally functional parameters of erithrocyto's membranes, infringement of a parity about and antioxidant processes is typical. Decrease of quality of health causes necessity of realization of improving actions.

We compared the effects of maize and potato starch on Wistar rats. The level of oligonucleosomal DNA fragmentation increased in thymic and splenic cells of animals receiving potato starch. The expression of Fas/CD95/Apo-1 apoptosis receptor in lymphocytes and their response to exogenous ceramide was also higher in rats receiving potato starch compared to the reference group. This led to intensification of spontaneous and induced apoptosis and decreased cell content in immune organs. The authors conclude that higher resistance of potato starch to digestive enzymes leads to modification of cell metabolism and induction of ceramide-dependent apoptosis in immune cells.

In 2002 FAO and WHO published a joint appeal to state and public organizations and scientific community to take every effort to control the contents of dioxin and related biphenyls in the environment and food products. The toxic effects of dioxin are realized via its interaction with the Ah-receptor. Here we reviewed modern notions about the structure and functions of Ah-receptor. Particular attention was given to antagonists and agonists of the Ah-receptor, including various flavonoids and resveratrol.

In experiments with Wistar rats was shown that ratio 3H/14C in tissues after ingestion of double labeled glucose can be used as indicator of metabolic effects of different dietary carbohydrates. Predominant utilization of glucose for lipid synthesis was determined in rats fed SKP (93.4% of oligosaccharides and dextrines) and absence this effect in rats fed dextrinomaltose (69% of maltose and 26.7% of oligosaccharides and dextrins).

In experiments with Wistar rats was shown that ratio 3H/14C in tissues after ingestion of double labeled glucose can be used as indicator of metabolic effects of different dietary carbohydrates. Predominant utilization of glucose for lipid synthesis was determined in rats fed SKP (93.4% of oligosaccharides and dextrines) and absence this effect in rats fed dextrinomaltose (69% of maltose and 26.7% of oligosaccharides and dextrins).

The study of the dynamics of adaptation to the rations containing casein and wheat protein showed some accumulation of hepatic protein on days 4-9. Evaluation of 14C-Leucine and protein turnover from the kinetics of precursor elimination from the pool and that of incorporation into proteins, demonstrated that there were no significant differences in the rate of endogenous protein synthesis, and the higher protein levels are associated with the lower secretion of these export proteins from the liver. In another experiment after adaptation to the casein feed, the animals were fed a wheat protein-containing feed, there were no changes in protein levels, yet the rate of total liver protein turnover was significantly increased on day 5, as shown by massive label estimation and calculation using the modified equation. Adaptation to new rations is accompanied by the initial accumulation of protein in the liver tissue and the subsequent adaptation to proteins of low biological value may be related to increases in the turnover of blood proteins exported from liver tissue.

Dog experiments have established that an initial period of food-induced thermogenesis (FIT) has a reflex nature. This is proved by FIT appearance in sham feeding and disappearance after atropine administration. Various food substances proved capable of evoking this reflex. It was also registered in humans. Oxygen consumption rose within 3-10 minutes after a test meal reaching a 25% maximal increment. However, no or minimal manifestations of the reflex occurred in obese patients. They had to undergo a 30-day weight-reducing treatment to reacquire the lost reflex. Physiological value of FIT as a mechanism stimulating tissue metabolism and preparing food substances assimilation are discussed.