重庆市2014年荞麦种植面积8000 hm2，总产量1200万kg。分析重庆市荞麦生产概况、市场需求，针对产业发展中存在的问题，提出“加强种质资源收集和新品种选育；大力推广规模化的有机生产栽培技术；着力加快全产业专业技术人才队伍建设；加快龙头企业培育；积极营造产业发展的政策环境；强化市场宣传与推介”等对策建议。

近年来，随着网络技术的发展，远程教育作为一种新型的教学形态受到人们的普遍关注。随着农村地区互联网基础设施的不断完善以及农民收入水平的不断提高，越来越多的农民具备了上网条件。截至2014年12月，中国网民规模达6.49亿，互联网普及率为47.9%，较2013年底提升了2.1个百分点。按地域划分，我国网民中农村网民占比27.5%，规模达1.78亿，较2013年底增加188万人。这为远程教育在农民培训领域的应用打下了良好的基础。远程教育良好的教学互动性、传播广泛性、信息存储海量等特点，适用于中国农民数量多、分布广、基础条件差异大的现状，在农民各种培训形式中具有无法比拟的优势。开展基于互联网的农民远程教育培训，是提高农民科技文化素质的有效途径，有利于促进现代农业发展。

酉荞1号是应用系谱育种方法育成的优质、高产、稳定的苦荞新品种.该品种在重庆市苦荞区域试验中平均单产为127.38 kg/667 m2,比对照九江苦荞增产18.13％,全生育期83 d,平均株高102 cm,分枝数5.6个,主茎节数14.2节,单株粒重20.0 g,千粒重20.5 g,粗蛋白含量为10.4％,类黄酮含量为2.04％,籽粒出粉率为63.5％,适宜重庆市各荞麦产区种植.

Proanthocyanidins (PAs) play an important role in plant disease defense and have beneficial effects on human health. We isolated and characterized a novel R2R3 MYB-type PA-regulator SsMYB3 from a well-known ornamental plant, coleus (Solenostemon scutellarioides), to study the molecular regulation of PAs and to engineer PAs biosynthesis. The expression level of SsMYB3 was correlated with condensed tannins contents in various coleus tissues and was induced by wounding and light. A complementation test in the Arabidopsis tt2 mutant showed that SsMYB3 could restore the PA-deficient seed coat phenotype and activated expression of the PA-specific gene ANR and two related genes, DFR and ANS. In yeast two-hybrid assays, SsMYB3 interacted with the Arabidopsis AtTT8 and AtTTG1 to reform the ternary transcriptional complex, and also interacted with two tobacco bHLH proteins (NtAn1a and NtJAF13-1) and a WD40 protein, NtAn11-1. Ectopic overexpression of SsMYB3 in transgenic tobacco led to almost-white flowers by greatly reducing anthocyanin levels and enhancing accumulation of condensed tannins. This overexpression of SsMYB3 upregulated the key PA genes (NtLAR and NtANR) and late anthocyanin structural genes (NtDFR and NtANS), but downregulated the expression of the final anthocyanin gene NtUFGT. The formative SsMYB3-complex represses anthocyanin accumulation by directly suppressing the expression of the final anthocyanin structural gene NtUFGT, through competitive inhibition or destabilization of the endogenous NtAn2-complex formation. These results suggested that SsMYB3 may form a transcription activation complex to regulate PA biosynthesis in the Arabidopsis tt2 mutant and transgenic tobacco. Our findings suggest that SsMYB3 is involved in the regulation of PA biosynthesis in coleus and has the potential as a molecular tool for manipulating biosynthesis of PAs in fruits and other crops using metabolic engineering.

我国是荞麦的起源中心,荞麦资源十分丰富,所以开展荞麦的遗传多样性研究对荞麦遗传资源的保存和开发利用具有重要意义.本研究利用筛选出的17对SSR引物对来自我国12个省的荞麦栽培品种的遗传多样性进行了研究.结果表明,17对引物共扩增出255个条带,平均15.0条,其中多态性条带228条,平均13.4条,多态率达89.4％；UPGMA聚类分析显示,73份材料被分成2组,所有苦荞材料聚在一起形成第一组,甜荞与花荞聚在一起形成第二组,明确显示苦荞与甜荞间的亲缘关系较远；同一个大组内多数品种显示出较近的亲缘关系,遗传基础相对单一.

The paper introduced the research status of the healthy function and nutritional value of buckwheat home and abroad.And reviewed the research status of buckwheat sprouts' production and utilization,and then analyzed the problems of buckwheat sprouts' research.At last,the paper took some prospect for buckwheat sprouts' research and utilization in the future.

This paper reviewed and summarized the experience of many years of electronic training practice of teaching reform, emphasized that the electronic training is an important practical courses for all students to open. It described its important function of training in engineering ability and engineering practical ability of students. It introduced the teaching practice and exploration, as well as the status of teachers in the teaching of the good results of operational methods and means of teaching creative practices and the teaching team, and the direction of the reform of teaching.

分别以苦荞和甜荞两个栽培种为材料进行荞麦芽菜生产研究,对其生长过程进行对比分析。结果表明:甜荞芽菜的生长速度、发芽情况及产量都比苦荞要好;每kg甜荞平均可生产4kg芽菜,而苦荞平均仅生产2kg左右的芽菜。

电子实训作为学校的一门公共选修课程,目的是培养学生工程素质和工程实践能力,特别是培养与科学技术发展相适应的综合能力和创新精神。但是由于诸多原因,目前的电子实训实践教学无法达到上述目的,文中试图将STS的理念与电子实训实践教学改革相结合,从以下三个方面探索电子实训实践教学改革的新途径。

Based on the innovation and practice course system of this school,how to develop students＇ ability of innovation and practice has researched.According to structure of knowledge and expectation of students,the course＇s content has been established,and assessment and evaluation mode and teaching method has been discussed,and teaching process has also been analyzed.The implementation shows that in the course of practice,students are able to apply learned knowledge and teamwork to solve problems and increase ability of practice and innovation ability,and achieve the desired effect of the course.

[Objective]The research aimed to provide the scientific basis for the establishment of cultural conservation and management measures of Coleus blumei Benth.[Method]Photosynthetic characteristics of five Coleus blumei Benth were studied comparatively with CB-1102 photosynthetic instrument.[Result]Diurnal change in net photosynthetic rate(Pn) of mature Coleus blumei Benth leaves was a typical bimodal curve determinately regulated by non-stomatal conductance.The responsive curves of the photosynthesis in mature cherry leaves to the change of photosynthetic active radiation could be described with quadratic equations.The light compensation point(LCP)of different cherry cuhivars was 28-164 μmol/(m2·s),and light saturation point(LSP)was 1 707-1 920 μmol/(m2·s).[Conclusion]Coleus blumei Benth should be planted in the area with adequate light.

This paper presents a multi-functional electronic instruments used in lownoise regulated power supply circuit.The circuit achieve the ±3.3 V/±5 V/±12 V voltage output through the AC-DC and DC-DC converter.Test results show that the power control circuit of the system while improving the circuit performance,can improve system stability and noise immunity,high precision output voltage,output ripple,low noise,safe and reliable.

Using RACE with a Fagopyrum dibotrys callus cDNA library, one clone, named FdMYBP1, encoding a putative R2R3 MYB protein was identified. FdMYBP1 appeared to be a full-length cDNA of 1159 bp encoding a protein of 265 amino acids. Through structure and property analysis of FdMYBPI with bioinformational methods, it was found that the amino acid sequence of FdMYBP1 showed great homology to other MYBP with the R2R3 repeat region in the N-terminus. Southern blot analysis indicated that FdMYBP1 belongs to a single copy gene in F. dibotrys genomes. The FdMYBP1 gene has the same classic characters with other MYBP and probably involved in the pathway of flavonoid metabolisms.

【Objective】 This work was aimed to investigate the sequence characteristics of a DFR gene from Fagopyrum dibotrys(D.Don) Hara.【Method】According to the obtained homologous probe from other plant's DFRs,DFR gene was isolated from the F.dibotrys using the RACE(rapid amplification of cDNA ends) methods to scanning cDNA library;and bio-informatical analysis,and Southern blot were also made.【Result】One DFR cDNA clones(FdDFR1) was cloned(GenBank accession No.EF522145/EF522146).The comparison between cDNA and genomic DNA sequences revealed that FdDFR1 is composed of two exons and one intron.Southern blot analysis indicated that DFR belongs to a small gene family,and only one FdDFR1 copy in F.dibotrys genomes.A NADP binding site(VTGASGFVGSWLVMRLLEHGY) and a substrate specificity motif(TVNVEEKQKPVYDETCW SDVDFCR RV) were observed in the deduced amino acid sequence of FdDFR1 contained N-terminal region.【Conclusion】It is concluded that FdDFR1 has the typical characteristics with other homologous genes.

针对机械电位器的缺点,文章提出了一种采用数字电位器X9420和单片机ATmega8接口电路的设计方案,分析了X9420数字电位器的工作原理,详细介绍了数字电位器X9420与单片机ATmega8接口电路的硬件和软件设计,并给出了该接口电路在仪表放大器和占空比可调的振荡器电路中的应用实例。应用结果表明,该接口电路自动调节可靠、输出稳定。

文章针对温室作物的生长特性和环境因素的变化规律,设计了一个智能温控模拟系统.该系统有两个特点:一是利用ADuC841芯片作为主控,使外围电路简单,系统智能程度较高,运行时性能稳定:二是加入了节能的新构思.

Lignans are important defensive compounds in plants and have good biological activities protecting human health. In order to study the medicinal secondary metabolism of Fagopyrum cymosum (Trev.) Meisn, a traditional Chinese medicine with anti-tumor effect, a novel isoflavone reductase-like gene, FcIRL, was cloned using RACE strategy from a cDNA library of high flavonoids-producing callus. The full-length cDNA of the FcIRL was 1 217 bp (accession no. EU116032), which contained a 942 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a 313 amino acid protein. Two stop codons (TAG) and a putative polyadenylation signal ATAAA at 24 bp upstream from the polyadenylation site was found in 5' and 3' UTR, separately. And no intron was found in the genomic sequence yet. FcIRL contained a predicted N-terminal acetylation site (M1-K5) and a NADPH-binding motif (G10-G-T-G13-Y-I-G16) in the N-terminal region, a conserved NmrA (nitrogen metabolite repression regulator) domain (V6-N244), multi-phosphorylation sites and one conserved N-glycosylation site (N214). Sequence homology comparison, phylogenetic analysis and advanced structures prediction all suggested that FcIRL belonged to the class of pinoresinol-lariciresinol reductase (PLR), which is a key enzyme in synthetic pathway of 8-8'-linked lignans, with function in catalyzing reduction of pinoresinol and lariciresinol into secoisolariciresinol, and medicinal secondary metabolism and resistance in F. cymosum.

【Objective】 This work was aimed to investigate the sequence characteristics of a DFR gene from Fagopyrum dibotrys(D.Don) Hara.【Method】According to the obtained homologous probe from other plant's DFRs,DFR gene was isolated from the F.dibotrys using the RACE(rapid amplification of cDNA ends) methods to scanning cDNA library;and bio-informatical analysis,and Southern blot were also made.【Result】One DFR cDNA clones(FdDFR1) was cloned(GenBank accession No.EF522145/EF522146).The comparison between cDNA and genomic DNA sequences revealed that FdDFR1 is composed of two exons and one intron.Southern blot analysis indicated that DFR belongs to a small gene family,and only one FdDFR1 copy in F.dibotrys genomes.A NADP binding site(VTGASGFVGSWLVMRLLEHGY) and a substrate specificity motif(TVNVEEKQKPVYDETCW SDVDFCR RV) were observed in the deduced amino acid sequence of FdDFR1 contained N-terminal region.【Conclusion】It is concluded that FdDFR1 has the typical characteristics with other homologous genes.

基于单片机系统的倒车雷达以ARM单片机为主控,由超声波检测模块、摄像头图象采集模块、通信模块、显示模块和LINUX人机交互界面组成。超声波检测模块具有温度补偿功能,大大提高了倒车雷达测距的精度。经过实际电路调试,倒车雷达的测距效果良好,显示界面优美。

Leaf senescence is considered as one of important factors to decrease ornamental values of foliage plants. In the attempt to study and understand the molecular mechanism of leaf senescence, a senescent leaf cDNA library of Coleus blumei was constructed and a small EST library was obtained. According to the sequence of an EST fragment with a cystathionine beta synthase (CBS) domain, a novel leaf senescenceassociated gene (SAG) full-length cDNA encoding a CBS-domain-containing protein, denoted Cbcbs, was rapidly cloned using a strategy of RACE combined with cDNA library. The full length of the Cbcbs gene was 859 bp long (accession No. EF076754) and contained a 609 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a 202amino acid protein. One stop codon (TAA) was found in 5' UTR and one possible polyadenylation signal,AATAAA, and a pentanucleotide motif, ATTTA, were found in 3' UTR. The CbCBS contained a predicted mitochondrial targeting peptide in the N-terminal region, two conserved and intact CBS domains, four casein kinase Ⅱ (CK Ⅱ) phosphorylation sites, three protein kinase c (PKC) phosphorylation sites and one tyrosine sulfation (TS) site. Sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis showed that CbCBS was a novel senescence or stress-associated protein. The prediction analysis of secondary structure and three dimensional structure of CbCBS suggested that the chief function of the protein was decided by the CBS domain pair. The expression pattern of Cbcbs in leaves was analyzed by RT-PCR. It was demonstrated that Cbcbs gene was a senescence-associated gene (SAG) and expressed in all leaf stages, young stage (Y) being the lowest and terminal senescence stage (S3) being the highest, and was upregulated along with the leaf senescence.Function analysis showed that the mature CbCBS maybe acts as a sensor of cellular energy status and directly or indirectly regulates cellular energy levels to increase ATP content in mitochondria during periods of metabolic stress of senescent leaves.