261,435,768 COVID-19 infections were detected worldwide, of them 5,207,634 deaths were registered. Identifying markers of the patient severity early in the course of the disease can facilitate the assessment of the risk of adverse outcome.The objective: To compare values of laboratory parameters and their changes during treatment of patients with a complicated course of COVID-19 infection.Subjects and Methods. 56 patients were included in the study, all of them were hospitalized to COVID Hospital of the Clinic of Bashkir State Medical University, Russian Ministry of Health, from September 30, 2021 to November 15, 2021, and their complicated course of the disease necessitated transfer to the intensive care unit (ICU). The laboratory evaluation included the following: a general blood and urine counts, blood chemistry including urea and creatinine, liver transaminases, and blood coagulogram (prothrombin time (PTT), prothrombin index (PTI), thrombin time, fibrinogen, and blood clotting time).Results. In the group of patients with a fatal outcome on the day of transfer to ICU, lymphocytopenia, eosinopenia, elevated values of creatinine, total bilirubin, transaminases, C-reactive protein, D-dimer, and ferritin were noted. Also on this day, microscopic hematuria, proteinuria and cylindruria were detected in the urine tests of most patients in this group during treatment.Conclusion. Critical deviations in the results of hematological and biochemical tests were revealed. Particular attention should be paid to such parameters as the level of erythrocytes, lymphocytes, eosinophils, glucose, urea, creatinine, total bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, creatine kinase, C-reactive protein, D-dimer, and ferritin.

OBJECTIVEto evaluate the nephroprotective effect of lercanidipine, its effect on the dynamics of creatinine clearance and blood cytokine levels in patients with nephrolithiasis with obstructive uropathy during renal drainage.MATERIAL AND METHODS66 patients were included in the study with concretions of the pelvic segment and the presence of obstruction according to instrumental methods of examination. In order to prevent the occurrence of infectious complications before lithotripsy patients the first stage was performed installation of nephrostomic drainage, followed by antibacterial, anti-inflammatory therapy. Patients were divided into 2 groups: the first (33 patients) received standard therapy, the second (33 people) additionally received lercanidipine at a dose of 10 mg per day for 1 month. Determined the concentration of IL-8, VEGF, MCP-1, G-CSF and GM-CSF in the blood serum by the method of solid-phase ELISA. The glomerular filtration rate was calculated using the CKD-EPI formula. All studies were performed at the preoperative stage, on 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after renal drainage.RESULTSIn the appointment of lercanidipine, there was a more rapid decrease in levels of IL-8, VEGF, MS-1, GM-CSF in serum (21 days), and an improvement in renal function, compared with the group that did not receive nephroprotective therapy.CONCLUSIONThe administration of lercanidipine may contribute to a more rapid recovery of renal function and normalization of blood cytokine levels. This drug can be used in the complex treatment of patients with nephrolithiasis with obstructive uropathy.

The results of recent studies on the mechanisms of kidney damage are presented in the review of literature. The role of the immune system in the occurrence, development and outcome of damage to the epithelium of the renal tubules, as well as molecular, genetic and metabolic changes which determine the extent and consequences of renal trauma are described in details. The mechanisms of restoration of the renal parenchyma and the development of fibrosis following the cessation of injury are given.

The development of the software complex as an information system of the monitoring and risk evaluation in an industrial plant was carried out as one of the innovative directions of the formation of scientific bases of the preventive environment which possess of capabilities to adapt to a particular enterprise and working conditions. The system includes both traditional methods of statistical analysis and methodologies for the adoption of management solutions for a professional risk, as well as innovative approaches as methods of logical-probabilistic analysis, with the adaptive mechanisms of the clarifying crucial rules based on the permanently updated database. This system is presented in a structured form as Software complex «Occupational risk-monitoring of the health of workers».

AIM:To optimize the transurethral endoscopic management of patients with ureterolithiasis by measuring biomarkers of renal parenchymal damage.MATERIALS AND METHODS:One hundred fifty-one patients with solitary ureteral stones were tested for levels of cystatin C, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, 2-microglobulin and interleukin 18.RESULTS:An increase in the levels of markers of renal injury was observed both in the preoperative period and after CULT. Differences in the values of these indices depended on the timing of the CULT, the size and location of the stone and the type of lithotripter.CONCLUSIONS:All patients were found to have damage to the renal tubular system. The established critical values of the markers of renal injury in ureterolithiasis may be used as diagnostic criteria for renal injury.

The comparative analysis of changes of the functional (osmolar clearance and fractional excretion of urea) and structural (NGAL, β2-microglobulin in the blood plasma, and NGAL, β2-microglobulin, microalbumin in the urine) biomarkers of kidney damage before and at various stages after radical cystectomy was performed. The study included patients with T2N0M0 stage bladder cancer. The main group consisted of 37 patients receiving nephroprotective treatment (N-acetylcysteine), the comparison group--31 patients receiving background therapy. It was revealed that severity of kidney dysfunction and the incidence of chronic kidney disease in the long-term period after surgery decreased in the main group.

This article describes the working conditions of employees of one of the mountain transport companies of Kazakhstan. Results sanitary measurements of noise levels of heavy machinery. Based on these results will offer preventive measures to preserve the health of workers

There were performed biochemical and cytological studies of blood in healthy workers of chrysotile asbestos plant in order to determine the functional state of the body, depending on the length of service and working conditions. Mentioned differences between the functional state of the organism were determined in the longitudinal study, under construction on schedule time series with the test group at specified intervals (every year for 7 years surveyed, the same group of healthy workers). The differences between the indices allow one to discriminate different levels of the functional state of the organism for the workers employed at processing complex with experience of 4 and 5 years, and for the employees in the mining and transport workshop with the experience of 5 and 6 years. As a result the work experience of 5 years is considered to be an occupational hazard for workers at processing complex, and 6 years of experience - as an occupational hazard for workers of mining and transport workshop.

The results of an investigation into the impregnation (saturation) of ready baked anode samples promising for aluminum electrolyzers with organic compounds are presented. A procedure of this process including the preliminary evacuation, subsequent saturation of the samples with organic compounds under the excess external pressure, and then high-temperature pyrolysis in the lead–bismuth melt is developed. It is established that the developed modification method makes it possible to increase the corrosion stability of baked anodes.

The article presents an overview of recent biomarkers of acute renal injury. Limitations of some of them are described, not allowing adequately and timely assessing renal structural and functional deficits associated with traditional tests. The article features a comprehensive report on over 10 molecules used for laboratory diagnostics and studied in experiments, describing the mechanisms and time for the change of their levels in the damage of various segments of the nephron, relationship with the severity of renal injury, prospects for use in clinical practice.

Bladder cancer (BC) remains a current problem in oncourology. Despite that bladder cancer risk factors have been studied and described in the literature, new molecular and genetic mechanisms have been identified that predisposes to the disease development. There are numerous cellular processes involve in BC pathogenesis. The less-aggressive, non-invasive slow progressing bladder cancer types are defined by Ras-MAPK system activation. Tumors that are more aggressive and have low cancer-specific survival rate are characterized by changes in retinoblastoma genes and p53. Attempts are made to develop prognostic tests to predict tumor behavior, targeted treatment. perspectively, BC patients will be treated using molecular genetic markers allowing the accurate prediction of the patient’s tumor behavior and fitting the treatment tactics on the individual basis.

UNLABELLED:The problem of respiratory support in tracheal surgery is still discussed in recent days. Anaesthesiologist must choose the most effective and safe respiratory technique during tracheal resection and reconstruction. The article deals with a case of comparison of apneic oxygenation (AO) and high frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) during double level tracheal resection and reconstruction in patient with multifocal tracheal stenosis and underlying cerebral trauma.MATERIALS AND METHODS:AO and HFJV were used due to surgical need for 20 min each technique. PvO2, PvCO2, hematocrit, blood glucose, acid-base balance in the v. Jugularis interna, noninvasive arterial pressure, heart rate, ECG and body temperature were fixed before and after the changing of respiratory support type. Additionally peak systolic speed (S) of blood flow in the a. Cerebralis media sinister was fixed by transcranial Doppler ("Angiodin BIOSS", Russia).RESULTS:Oxygenation of venous blood was sufficient after the both HFJV and AO use; PvO2 was 67.6 and 74.3 torr respectively. Speed of PvCO2 increasing was higher during AO (1.46 torr per min) than during HFJV (0.73 torr per min). Increase of S was bigger during AO than HFJV as well (59 vs 37%). The changes of PvCO2 and S were normalized in 15 min after reconnection to conventional mechanical ventilation. Other fixed parameters were normal and same during the use of both respiratory techniques. The patient involved in the study did not have any neurological or surgical complications in early postoperative period.CONCLUSIONS:Both studied respiratory techniques provide sufficient blood oxygenation and can be accompanied with hypercapnia and cerebral hyperemia. These observations evident about the necessity to study the role of hyperoxia, hypercapnia and cerebral hyperemia in patients with underlying cerebral trauma undergoing tracheal resection and reconstruction. The study will help to make a strategy of the foreground use of HFJV and AO in these patients.

There are numerous articles about the action of different preparations on biological systems. The substances used for the treatment of eye diseases are pilocarpine hydrochloride, betaxolol hydrochloride and epinephrine whose mechanism of action is aimed at drop of intraocular pressure; however there are no data regarding their action in very-low-doses. At that in press there is information which explains the mechanism of action of medicinal preparations by means of their effect on the water component of biological fluids. The aim of the article is to reveal the peculiarities of the effect of hypotensive eye remedies with different chemical structure on the water component of test solutions. Deionized redistilled water, solutions of pilocarpine, betaxolol and epinephrine in the initial concentration of 1% were used as test fluids. The samples under study were prepared in fused silica flasks immediately prior to spectrum taking by means of tenfold serial dilution of the initial solutions from 101 to 1016 times. After that infrared spectrometry with transmittance spectra registration in the range of 3500-963 cm-1 was performed. It was estimated that the substances under study caused specific changes in the water component depending on their nature and amount.