To establish the approach for the optimization of the ultrasonic-assisted extraction of total flavonoids from edible cactus. Methods:developing a colorimetric methods for determining the total flavonoids, comparing with the standard of rutin, and optimizing the methods by using single factor and orthogonal array. Results:the optimum methods were found to be:the biggest power of ultrasonic is 65% (based on 650W), solid-to-liquid ratio is 1/15, extraction time is 70 min and ethanol concentration is 80%.

The germination rate and seedling growth of Brassica campestris seeds treafed with Cu2+ and Pb2+ were investigated. The results showed that different concentrations of Cu2+ and Pb2+ had different impacts on seed germination, root length and sprout length of B. campestris. Low concentration of Cu2+ and Pb2+ had less effect on seed germination. However, high con-centration of both Cu2+ and Pb2+ had different inhabitatory effects on seed germination. The inhibition became more obvious with the increase of concentration of Cu2+ and Pb2+. Besides, Cu2+ and Pb2+ exhibited obvious inhabitation on root length of B. campestris. As for the effect of Cu2+ and Pb2+ with different concentrations on sprout length of B. campestris, the results showed that both Cu2+ and Pb2+ promoted the growth of sprout initially and then inhibited the sprout growth of B. campestris with the increase of concentration.

Using Sri Lanka's frog(Bufobufo) heart intubation method as well as BL-420S intelligent bio-signal display and processing system,the effects of decoction of dandelion(Taraacum monglicum) on the activity of in vitro heart of toad was observed in the present study.The results showed that compared with the control,cardiac contractility of isolated toad heart transfused with either 0.01 g/mL,0.03 g/mL or 0.05 g/mL of dandelion decreased by 1.06%,7.02% and 22.15%,respectively.Dandelion decoction gave an inhibitory effect on the cardiac contractility of isolated toad heart.No significant effects of the tested perfusion concentrations on the heart rate was observed.Therefore,appropriate concentration of dandelion decoction may be prepared as a traditional Chinese medicine to clinically reduce cardiac output and blood pressure.Additionally,some ingredients of the dandelion can also be extracted as the patent medicine.

[Objective] To study the effect of HERBA TARAXACI decoction on the anti-fatigue of mice.[Method] The content of blood lactate,blood sugar,muscle glycogen,hepatic glycogen,blood urea nitrogen and exhaustive swimming time of mice before and after exercise were determined by experiment.[Result] Compared with the control group,the content of muscle glycogen and hepatic glycogen of mice in experimental group significantly increased(P<0.05) except the blood sugar.The blood lactate and blood urea nitrogen were significantly lower(P<0.05 or P<0.01),exhaustive swimming time was significantly prolonged(P<0.01).[Conclusion] HERBA TARAXACI decoction had significant anti-fatigue effect.

[Objective]To discusses the effects of OMA on the anti-fatigue in mice.[Method] mice were divided into two groups randomly.The experimental groups were given the extractive of OMA via gastrogavage with 400 mg/kg each day,while the control groups were given the normal saline.Certain parameters were determined for anti-fatigue after 21 d.[Result] The extractive of OMA could delay the deadline of the mice's swimming time(P<0.01) when the mice were exhausted.It could decrease the depletion of the mouse liver and muscle glycogen after the mice's exercise(P<0.05),decrease the content of blood urea nitrogen(BUN) and increase the activity of lactic acid dehydrogenase(P<0.05 or P<0.01)after exercise of mice.[Conclusion] The anti-fatigue effects of OMA on mice was obvious.

Avian reticuloendotheliosis virus is a C-type retrovirus.This virus can cause the immune function inhibition and chronic tumor of poultry.This paper briefly reviewed studies on the biological characteristics of the avian reticuloendotheliosis virus,the mechanism of causing immune inhibition,and the occurrence and preventive measures of tumor.

分离体外培养的牛源D型产气荚膜梭菌参考株菌体抗原,甲醛灭活后加弗氏佐剂免疫家兔,获得兔抗牛源D型产气荚膜梭菌多抗,并对其进行纯化,用25 nm胶体金标记多抗制备金标探针,分别以兔抗牛源D型产气荚膜梭菌IgG和羊抗兔IgG作为硝酸纤维索膜卜的检测线和质控线,组装胶体金试纸条,并对试纸条的检测效果进行评价.结果显示:试纸条操作简单,肉眼于15 min内可判定结果,对D型产气荚膜梭菌抗原具有高度特异性;试纸条在4℃保存6个月,其特异性及灵敏度没有明显变化.本研究建立的牛D型产气荚膜梭菌肠毒血症免疫层析检测方法具有特异、敏感、稳定、操作简单快捷等特点,适合用于牛D型产气荚膜梭菌肠毒血症的现场检测及鉴别诊断.

[Objective]The effect of cattle gene-DECRl on the beef quality trait was studied.[Method] The SNP analysis of the fifth intron of Yanbian cattle gene-DECR1 was conducted and its relationship with beef quality,fatty acid and amino acid was analyzed.[Result]Two SNPs(g.23263AG and g.23473AG)mutations were founded,the genotype AA was negatively related to the cooking loss and pH24;the genotype BB was negatively correlated with pH1,myristic acid,histidine and lysine and genotype BB was positively related to stearic acid and linolenic acid.[Conclusion] It has great significance to research the characteristics of the gene-DECR1 and its relation with beef quality.

Thirteen plasma proteins(enzymes) polymorphism were examined in 28 samples of Songliao black pig by means of PAGE in this study.The results showed that Alb,Pa2 and Cp were monomorphic,while Pa1,Po1,Po2,Tf,Ptf,Akp,Hpx,Am1,Am2,Es were polymorphic.These loci had alleles from two to four respectively.The results of Chisquare test showed that Pa1,Pa2,Ptf,Akp were not in Hardy-weinberg balance while Po1,Po2,Tf,Am1,Am2,Hpx,Es were in Hardy-weinberg balance.The mean number of effective alleles,mean heterozygosity and homogeneity index were 2.0779,0.5083 and 0.1288 respectively.

The karyotype and banding patterns of the Songliao Black Pig were studied by method of peripheral blood ly-mphocytes culture and the techniques of G-,C-banding.The relative length,centromere index and arm ratio of each indi-vidual chromosome were analyzed.The results showed as follows: The diploid chromosome number of Songliao black swine were 2n=38,the karyotype of male was 2n=38,XY;while the female were 2n=38,XX.The C-banding were pol-ymorphism,and the G-banding had no visible distinction than others.

Objective To explore the effect and mechanism of action of NGF on the intelligence in demential senile mice. Method Fourty five 18 month-old ICR mice were selected and randomly divided into two groups. The expression of choline acetyltransterase (ChAT-IR) and nerve growth factor (NGF) in various areas of the brain was assyed. Mirro-labyrinth experiment was conducted before and after administration of exogenous NGF. ChAT-IR activity and Anti-NGF immunohistochemical examination were performed. Result The intelligence of senile mice were changed. Significant changes of ChAT-IR and NGF expression in areas in the brain and in Mirro labyrinthian experiment occurred (P < 0.05) in the cytidine diphosphocholine group. Exogenous NGF treatment group showed significantly increased staining of ChAT-IR and anti-NGF, and changes in the labyrinthian experiment (P <0.01). Conclusion Exogeneous NGF may improve the intelligence of aged mice and increase ChAT-IR and anti-NGF expression in various areas in the brain, and exert protective, supportive and reparative effects on neurons.

Molecular design breeding is a new synthetic research field,which bases on genomics and proteomics simulate,takes the bio-informatics as platform and effective means,uses computer to simulate animal breeding processes,designs and builds target species,eventually breeds new varieties according with the breeding requirements.The research base,status and direction were stated for the molecular design breeding.

Objective In order to evaluate the safety of use of per acetic acid(PAA)and sodium dichloroisocyanurate (ACL-60)toxicity. Method To Ccompare the results of acute and subacute toxicity test. Result The results of acute oral LD50 showed that PAA and ACL-60 are of low toxicity grade. PAA and ACL-60 disinfectants could cause moderate irritation to animal skin and eye, and 2 g/L peracetic acid was non-irritative to animal skin and slightly irritative to the eye. 112 mg/L ACL-60 could cause moderate irritation to Guinea pig skin. The rates of PCE micronuclear cells induced by 3 dosage were not significantly different from that of negative control group (P>0.05). Conclusion peracetic acid and sodium dichloroisocyanurate are mildly toxic and can be considered as safe disinfectant commonly used at low concentration.