To improve the performance of growth traits and survival in common carp, CyCa nucleocytoplasmic hybrid fish (C) was used as parental fish for hybridization with Russian scattered mirror carp (R). Performances in morphological characters, growth traits and survival rate were compared among the purebreds (CC & RR) and crossbreds (RC & CR) at different time period in solitary and communal rearing system, respectively. The results demonstrated that both RC and CR crossbreds inherited the grey skin color type from the mirror carp, and got the full-scale pattern from the CyCa nucleocytoplasmic hybrid fish, which suggested that the grey color dominated to red color and full-scale dominated to scattered scale. With respect to yield, the RC crossbreds perform quite great compared to the RR and CC purebreds because they have quite high growth and survival rate. In contrast to RC crossbreds, the CR crossbreds performed poorly in growth traits, together with that crosses where scattered mirror carp was used as mother (RC and RR) achieved the greatest performance for all growth traits, suggested that the maternal influence also displayed an important role in growth traits. These results indicated that the RC crossbreds will be a potential carp variety for commercial production.

The growth hormone (GH) gene is considered to play an important role in the growth of fish. In this study, the common carp GH gene was characterized to detect gene variation at these loci in relation to economic traits in common carp. Six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected in GH gene, while they were all missense mutations. Statistical analysis indicated that the GH polymorphism was significantly associated with the body length, body weight, AGR and SGR in common carp.

The study of codon usage bias in species can be in-depth understanding of gene expressions,and provide the basis for molecular breeding.8 143 eligible coding DNA sequences were selecting from transcriptome data of Carassius auratus which were obtained through transcriptome sequencing by Illumina HiSeq 2000.CDS were analyzed by CodonW and CUSP programs in C.auratus genome,calculating frequency of codon usage which enco-ded amino acids and comparing with variety classes of mode organisms such as:Homo sapiens,yeast,E.coli,Dro-sophila,D.rerio. The consequences indicated that twenty-eight optimal codons of C.auratus were identified in 64 codons,effective number of codons was 54.9,GC content of genes was 0.509,GC content at the third position of synonymous codon was 0.564 the codons which were ending with G or C were bias using. And codon bias of C.auratuswas difference in various degrees with other mode organisms,codon usage frequency of C.auratus was big-gest different from yeast,but had a consistency with codon bias of D.rerio.

This experiment aims to explore the effects of probiotics on growth performance,body composition,body colour and non-specific imnunity of Cyprinus carpio L.A 45-day feeding trial was performed to investigate the growth performance,body composition,body colour and non-specific immunity effects of probiotics in Cyprinus carpio L.juveniles.300 juveniles [initial body weight (147.22 + 4.51) g] were allotted to five groups(three replicates/group):a control group without probiotics(Ⅰ) and four treatment groups supplemented with 0.05‰(Ⅱ),0.10‰(Ⅲ),0.20‰(Ⅳ),0.40‰(Ⅴ).Compared with the control group,growth performance of group Ⅳ (0.20‰)was increased by 32.25％ (P ＜ 0.05),26.19％ (P＜0.05),respectively.But the feed conversion ratio was 25.98％ lower than in the control group (P ＜ 0.05).There were no significant differences in Cyprinus carpio L.juveniles survival rate and body colour between the control group and the treatment groups.Moreover,there were no significant differences in crude protein,crude fat and water content between the control group and the treatment groups,except for crude ash content.The activities of SOD,AKP and LSZ were higher in all treatment groups compared with the control group (P ＜ 0.05).Non-specific immunity.index were improved in Cyprinus carpio L.fed diet containing 0.20‰ probiotics (Ⅳ),which was 69.84 U/mL,12.72 U/mL,14.21 μg/mL,increased by 24.33％,27.70％ and 26.00％ compared with the control group.It can be concluded that the addition of probiotics to the diet promotes growth performance,improves muscle composition and enhances non-specific immunity of Cyprinus carpio L.juveniles.Appropriate additive level of probiotics is 0.20‰ in the dietary of Cyprinus carpio L.juveniles.

在基础饲料中分别添加质量为0、0.005%、0.01%、0.02%、0.04%微生态制剂干粉,研究微生态制剂对锦鲤生长、肠道消化酶活性、表观消化率的影响.结果发现,不同浓度微生态制剂对锦鲤的生长均有促进作用,其中0.02%添加组的增质量率、特定生长率最高,较对照组分别显著增加62.29%、50.00%,但饲料系数显著降低16.67%.在20、30、40 d时,各微生态制剂添加组的肠胰蛋白酶活性、干物质表观消化率较对照组均显著提高,其中20 d时Ⅳ组的胰蛋白酶活性、干物质表观消化率显著高于其他试验组.10、20、30、40 d时,各微生态制剂添加组的肠脂肪酶活性较对照组均有所提高,其中30、40 d时各添加组的肠脂肪酶活性显著增加.各微生态制剂添加量对试验鱼肠淀粉酶活性无显著性影响.说明饲料中添加微生态制剂能显著提高锦鲤生长性能,增强肠道消化酶活性,并在一定程度上提高锦鲤对饲料营养物质的利用率,适宜的添加量为0.02%,适宜持续投喂时间为20 d.

This experiment aims to explore the impact of substituting maggot meal for fish meal on growth performance, body composition, body color and some serum immune indicates. 360 Cyprinus carpio L., with an original weight of (120.24±4.36) g apiece, were selected and divided at random into three parallel groups. The control group fed on basal feed. six types of experimental feed (G0, G20, G40, G60, G80 and G100) were compounded over the course of 60 days by substituting maggot meal for 0%,20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% of fish meal in basal feed respectively. The results showed that substitution of maggot meal for any amount of fish meal did not make any significant difference for experimental fish in terms of survival rate, muscular water, crude ash, carbon, total phosphorus and AKP (P>0.05). For G20 and G60, such substitution did not show any significant difference in terms of final weight, WGR and sGR of the experimental fish(P>0.05) and for G80 and G100, it decreased significantly (P<0.05). For G20 and G40, FCR of the experimental fish did not show any significant difference with that of the control group (P>0.05). For G60 and G100, FCR of the experimental fish rose significantly (P<0.05). Muscular crude protein content of the experimental fish rose proportionately with the addition of the substitution level. For G20 and G60, there was no significant difference compared with the control group, and it was much higher in G80 and G100 than in the control group (P<0.05). Crude fat and sOD in substitution groups fell significantly with the addition of the substitution (P<0.05). As for the impact of the substitution on body color, the chromatic values increased significantly in all experimental groups (P<0.05)except in G20 (P>0.05). To sum up, the ratio of substitution of maggot meal for fish meal may not preferably exceed 60% with assessment indicates of growth performance, muscle composition, body-surface chromatic values and some serum non-specific immunity.

The complete mitogenomes of Ying hybrid carp (Russian scattered scale mirror carp ♀ × Carp-goldfish nucleocytoplasmic hybrid ♂) was sequenced by PCR-based method. The total of the mtDNA was 16,581 bp, and consisted of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNAs, 2rRNA genes, and 1 control region (D-loop region). The overall base composition was as follows: A: 31.9%, T: 24.8%, C: 27.5%, and G: 15.8%, respectively. The overall AT and GC skew were found to be 0.125 and -0.271, respectively. A majority of the genes used ATG as the start codon, except that the codon GTG was found to initiated the CO I gene. Most of the genes ended with the complete stop codon TAA or TAG, while the COII, ND3, ND4, and Cytb genes terminated with the incomplete stop codons 'T--'.

为研究几种鱼类常用催产剂对锦鲤的催产效果,分别给性腺发育成熟的锦鲤亲鱼注射HCG+LHRH-A2(A组)、PG+ HCG+ LHRH-A2(B组)、DOM+ LHRH-A2(C组)、复方促性腺激素释放激素类似物(D组)和“双生”牌注射用高效鱼用催产剂(E组)进行人工催产,比较不同外源催产激素对锦鲤亲鱼产卵和排精效果的影响.试验结果表明,各组催产剂均能在水温20 ～ 22℃下诱导亲鱼排卵、排精.其中,注射两种复合催产剂的D组、E组催产效果最佳,雌鱼效应时间为11 ～18 h,催产率均为100％,平均产卵量分别为(23.93 ±2.31)粒/g、(22.62 ±2.81)粒/g,受精率分别为(86.44±2.9)％、(85.28±3.2)％,孵化率为(79.44±2.70)％、(78.65±3.10)％;雄鱼24 h内的采精量分别为1461、1 456 mL,精子的寿命分别为(125.34±8.70)s、(125.26±9.40)s,精子的活动强度分别为(48.31 ±8.90)s、(47.89 ±8.40)s,且采精率分别为(69.57±5.25)％、(68.74±4.32)％,产后亲鱼的死亡率均为0.各组精子的寿命、采精率均显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),但A、B、C组精子的活动强度与对照组相比无显著性差异(P＞0.05).

为探讨以蝇蛆粉替代鱼粉对吉富罗非鱼生长性能、肌肉组成和肝脏非特异性免疫指标的影响,将450尾初始体质量为(80.26 ±7.36)g的吉富罗非鱼随机分为6组,每组3个平行,进行了饲养对比试验.试验组分别用蝇蛆粉替代基础饲料中20％、40％、60％、80％和100％的鱼粉,对照组投喂基础饲料,养殖周期60 d.试验结果,以蝇蛆粉替代鱼粉,各替代水平组试验鱼的终末体质量、增重率、特定生长率、肥满度、成活率、饲料系数、肌肉中粗蛋白、水分含量、肝脏丙二醛含量无显著差异(P＞0.05).除20％替代组外,其它各试验组鱼的肝体比、脏体比与对照组相比显著降低(P＜0.05).随着蝇蛆粉替代水平的增加,罗非鱼肌肉中粗灰分、总磷的含量显著降低(P＜0.05).替代水平不超过40％时,各替代组试验鱼肌肉中粗脂肪、钙及肝脏超氧化歧化酶的含量无显著差异(P＞0.05);当替代水平不小于60％时,试验鱼肌肉中粗脂肪、钙的含量显著降低(P＜0.05),但肝脏超氧化歧化酶含量显著升高(P＜0.05).结果表明,在本试验条件下,以生长性能、肌肉成分和肝脏非特异性免疫作为评价指标,蝇蛆粉可完全替代罗非鱼饲料中的鱼粉.

In this study, some blood physiological and biochemical indexes of new gift nile tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus)were measured during the fish cultured at different salinities(0,18) for 31 d,respectively. The results showed that at salinity18, the hemoglobin(HGB) and the red blood cells(RBC) respectively from(63.80±0.38)mg/m L,(188.33±14.87)×1010Cell/L of control group dropped to(55.00±0.53)mg/m L,(161.67±6.64)×1010Cell/L, the white blood cell(WBC) was higher than the control group,both the plasma and the blood sedimentation were basically the same.In the biochemical indexes, creatinine(Crea), glucose(GLU),total protein(TP),content of calcium(Ca),phosphorus(P) and chlorine(Cl) were higher than the control group,and urea nitrogen(BUN) was lower than the control group. Through the analysis, the tilapia possessed better osmoregulation abilities. It further confirmed that the osmotic adjustment will affect its nutrient content.

常用的鱼类麻醉剂有MS-222、丁香酚、三氯乙醛、喹那啶等.MS-222,俗称鱼安定,是一种易处理、效力迅速、操作简便、安全的渔用麻醉剂.该药品是美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)唯一认可的水产动物麻醉剂.目前,在我国,MS-222已经成功应用于多种鱼类的养殖.本研究以吉富罗非鱼为研究对象,研究不同浓度的MS-222水溶液对罗非鱼的麻醉效果,探讨MS-222对罗非鱼最适的麻醉浓度.

罗非鱼无肌间刺,适于加工鱼片,是联合国粮农组织推荐养殖的名优淡水鱼类,且易于饲养,适应能力强,在北方地区也有大量养殖,但不能自然越冬.经多年试验、生产,我们总结出了该品种越冬养殖技术.

优质锦鲤是观赏鱼现代农业产业技术体系北京市创新团队重点研究、示范和推广的观赏鱼品种.北京市水产科学研究所自1998年引进优质锦鲤亲鱼、苗种等开展繁养殖试验示范,并承担了国家及省部级项目30余项,实现了优质锦鲤的亲本培育、配组、繁殖及苗种培育、挑选等方面的研究与推广,目前已拥有优质锦鲤亲本、后备亲本2000组,年育苗能力4000余万尾.

为了获得基因相对纯和、性状更为优良的锦鲤新品系,采用超大的亲本群体对锦鲤“御三家”进行了三代的体型、体色选育,并在此基础上与荷包红鲤抗寒品系杂交,得到了锦鲤“御三家”抗寒新品系.结果表明:育成的红白锦鲤、大正三色锦鲤新品系F3代中全红鲤所占比例降低了16.3％、21.5％,全白鲤所占比例较对照组降低了15.7％、14.5％,淡黑色鲤所占比例较对照组降低了8.8％;昭和三色锦鲤的新品系F3代中青黄色鲤所占比例较对照组降低了47.2％;各选育品系中畸形鲤所占的比例也较对照组有所降低,新品系F3代中长体型个体占总样本的比例增加到83.6％、79.7％、74.9％.

目前色素根据其来源主要分为两种,一种是天然色素,包括自然界含色素丰富的各类动植物和微生物,如松针粉、玉米、红辣椒、虾蟹废弃物等;另一种是化学合成色素,如桔黄素、裸甲酮、类胡萝卜素等,已被证明具有较好的色素沉着效果.在国外,着色剂的使用特别是欧美、日本等国已较为普遍,通过适当的添加都取得了明显的经济效益.在我国对此的研究和利用在家禽上进行得较多,在水产上较少.

为研究锦鲤不同养殖模式下水体中氨氮含量的变化规律,在肥水池塘、新水池塘、工厂化循环水养殖池、水泥池、定期换水的水泥池、定期投放微生物制剂的水泥池中进行了锦鲤养殖试验,测定水体中氨氮的含量并进行分析.结果表明:各试验组间氨氮含量的变化差异显著(P＜0.05);各组氨氮含量与时间的相关关系均达到极显著水平(P＜0.01),其中工厂化循环水养殖池为显著负相关,其余各组为显著正相关.肥水池塘、新水池塘、不换水的水泥池、定期换水的水泥池4个试验组的氨氮含量随时间的延长呈上升趋势.工厂化循环水养殖池的氨氮含量在鱼种投放后第4天达到最高值0.42 mg·L-1,而后随时间的延长,氨氮浓度处于波动下降的状态.定期投放微生物制剂水泥池的氨氮浓度分别在试验第10天和第20天出现了两个波峰,在第14天和第25天出现了两个波谷,整体随时间的延长呈上升趋势.

To learn the impact of salinity changes on muscle nutritional value and flavor of GIFT Oreochromis niloticus, a-mino acids and fatty acids in fish muscle were tested when salinity reached 18 and 36 respectively.Results showed that sa-linity changes can significantly affect the contents of amino acid , free amino acids and fatty acids in tilapia muscle .Con-tents of total amino acids , essential amino acids and tasty amino acids content were positively correlated with salinity .On the 2nd day after salinity conversion, total content of amino acid in 18 and 36 salinity treatment groups (18.66% and 19.54%respectively), the essential amino acid index (EAAI) (90.85 and 93.45 respectively) were significantly higher than those in freshwater group ( total content of amino acid being 17.62%, EAAI being 87.72 ) .Content of umami amino acid increased with the increasing of salinity .On the 2nd after salinity conversion, the content of free amino acid (TFAA) of 18 salinity treatment group was up to the maximum , and the content of 36 group rose to the maximum on the 3rd day, they were 2.52 and 4.06 times as much as that in freshwater group (0.085%).Then their tastes were improved obvious-ly.Salinity increasing could also improve contents of saturated fatty acids (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)in tilapia muscle, and increase PUFA/SFA value.Then the nutritional value of fat-ty acids in tilapias was improved .

The transcriptome of mature gonads was constructed and sequenced in long -tailed gold strain of goldfish Carassius auratus by Lllumina RNA sequencing .Through sequencing ,61769892 clean data in‐cluding 6 .18G bp were obtained in the ovary with an average error rate of 0 .03% ,and 69557514 clean data including 6 .96G bp in testis with an average error rate 0 .03% .The terminal GC content for library was 51 .15% in the left ovary and 51 .2% in the right ovary ,and 48 .91% in the left testis and 49 .44% in the right testis .The two libraries represented a total of 170245 transcripts ,with 80591 unigenes .As deter‐mined by the multiple databases ,functional annotation of 51364 unigenes was obtained ,accounting for 63 .73% of the total .All of the unigenes were found to be functional by classification of GO software ,and unigenes involved in cell process ,cell and binding occupied major proportion in the secondary classifica‐tion .There were 17347 SSR markers and 363416 SNP markers throughout the transcriptomic data .The gene expression differences between the two transcriptome revealed that 6317 genes expressed differentially in male and female samples .The findings provided basic data for the gene cloning and screening of the goldfish ,as well laid the foundation for clarifying the molecular mechanism of gonadal differentiation and development .

To investigate the effects of different diets on nutritive components in the muscle of genetic improvement of farmed Tilapia(GIFT) in high-density fishery mode, the nutritional components in the muscle of the inflated floating feeds group and the common sinking feeds group of GIFT were tested and analyzed with routine methods. The results showed that the contents of crude protein、crude fat and crude ash in the muscle of the inflated floating feeds group were significantly higher compared with the common sinking feedsgroup(P0.05), while the content of moisture appeared in contradiction(P0.05). Eighteen amino acids were found in the muscle of two groups, and significant differences(P0.05) in the content of many amino acids were also found between two groups. Contents of delicious amino acid(DAA)、essential amino acid(EAA) and total amino acid(TAA) of the inflated floating feeds group were significantly higher compared with the common sinking feeds group(P0.05). The essential amino acid indexs(EAAI) of two groups were 65.64 and 62.62, respectively, but the inflated floating feeds group was conformed to FAO/WHO criterion only. According to amino acid score(AAS) and chemical score(CS), the first limited amino acid was Trp of two groups, but the second limited amino acids were different. Among the 11 fatty acids, the contents of most saturated fatty acid(SFA) in the inflated floating feeds group were significantly higher compared with the common sinking feeds group(P0.05), while the content of most unsaturated fatty acid(UFA) appeared in contradiction. According to the composition of trace elements in the muscle of GIFT, Zn was the highest content in the inflated floating feeds group, while Fe was the highest content in the common sinking feeds group. In a word, the inflated floating feeds were better than the common sinking feeds. The results of this study provide the basis for the nutritional quality of GIFT of high-density fishery mode.

Microsatellite DNA was isolated from goldfish with combining biotin capture method. We obtained 38 positive clones and isolated 31 microsatellite sequences. 12 pairs of primers were designed by Primer Premier 5. 0 and 8 pairs of primers can obtain amplifying products among them. The genetic diversity of the artificial breed goldfish populations were studied by using the 8 Microsatellite primers. The results showed that the genetic diversity level of two populations were high. The average heterozygosity( Ho) in two populations was from 0. 534 3 to 0. 565 5, average excepted heterozygosity( He) was from 0. 628 6 to 0. 657 0,and average polymorphism information content( PIC) was from 0. 500 9 to 0. 510 6. The genetic distance was 0. 095 7 and genetic identity was 0. 921 1. All of 8 microsatellite locus could be used for genetic analysis in goldfish.