<正>肺癌是当今世界最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,也是对人类生存和健康构成极大威胁的恶性肿瘤之一[1-2]。近年来,肺癌致死率高达22.7%,已取代肝癌成为我国致死率最高的肿瘤。如果不采取有效干预措施,肺癌的患病率及致死率将进一步增加,到2025年我国肺癌患者将达到100万人次[3]。肺癌的病因及发病机制迄今尚未明确,目前公认吸烟是

<正>引言供需链管理其基本思想是用系统的方法对企业的供需链进行集成管理,使整个供需链趋于协调,以尽可能减少甚至避免供需链内各组织、各环节之间的延误和浪费,减少供需链的不确定性和风险,从而积极地降低库存,最终达到以尽可能短的时间和尽可能少的成本实现增值的目的。

<正>供需链管理其基本思想是用系统的方法对企业的供需链进行集成管理,使整个供需链趋于协调,以尽可能减少甚至避免供需链内各组织、各环节之间的延误和浪费,减少供需链的不确定性和风险,从而积极地降低库存,最终达到以尽可能短的时间

In the management of business process of the current stage,there is a gap in the research in improving the execution of orders.Therefore,targeting at the execution of orders,we put forward a method to execute efficient implementation of production planning,and based on this method,we introduce advanced management ideas and tools so as to establish efficient execution system of orders under the supply chain management mode.

The research on the increasing of execution of orders needs to be improved in the business process management nowadays.Therefore,in order to perform force,the paper puts forward an efficient implementation of production planning method and then introduces advanced management ideas,tools,so as to establish effective order execution system in the supply chain mode.

The interplay of a complex genetic basis with the environmental factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may account for the differences in individual susceptibility to COPD. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) contributes to an individual's ability to resist oxidation, an important determinant that affects COPD susceptibility. To investigate whether mtDNA haplogroups play important roles in COPD susceptibility, the frequencies of mtDNA haplogroups and an 822-bp mtDNA deletion in 671 COPD patients and 724 control individuals from southwestern China were compared. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that, whereas mtDNA haplogroups A and M7 might be associated with an increased risk for COPD (OR=1.996, 95% CI=1.149-2.831, p=0.006, and OR=1.754, 95% CI=1.931-2.552, p=0.021, respectively), haplogroups F, D, and M9 might be associated with a decreased risk for COPD in this population (OR=0.554, 95% CI=0.390-0.787, p=0.001; OR=0.758, 95% CI=0.407-0.965, p=0.002; and OR=0.186, 95% CI=0.039-0.881, p=0.034, respectively). Additionally, the increased frequency of the 822-bp mtDNA deletion in male cigarette-smoking subjects among COPD patients and controls of haplogroup D indicated that haplogroup D might increase an individual's susceptibility to DNA damage from external reactive oxygen species derived from heavy cigarette smoking. We conclude that haplogroups A and M7 might be risk factors for COPD, whereas haplogroups D, F, and M9 might decrease the COPD risk in this Han Chinese population.

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is particularly susceptible to oxidative damage and mutation due to the high rate of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and limited DNA-repair capacity in mitochondrial. Previous studies demonstrated that the increased mtDNA copy number for compensation for damage, which was associated with cigarette smoking, has been found to be associated with lung cancer risk among heavy smokers. Given that the common and "non-pathological'' mtDNA variations determine differences in oxidative phosphorylation performance and ROS production, an important determinant of lung cancer risk, we hypothesize that the mtDNA variations may play roles in lung cancer risk. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a case-control study to compare the frequencies of mtDNA haplogroups and an 822 bp mtDNA deletion between 422 lung cancer patients and 504 controls. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that haplogroups D and F were related to individual lung cancer resistance (OR = 0.465, 95%CI = 0.329-0.656, p < 0.001; and OR = 0.622, 95%CI = 0.425-0.909, p = 0.014, respectively), while haplogroups G and M7 might be risk factors for lung cancer (OR = 3.924, 95%CI = 1.757-6.689, p < 0.001; and OR = 2.037, 95%CI = 1.253-3.312, p = 0.004, respectively). Additionally, multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that cigarette smoking was a risk factor for the 822 bp mtDNA deletion. Furthermore, the increased frequencies of the mtDNA deletion in male cigarette smoking subjects of combined cases and controls with haplogroup D indicated that the haplogroup D might be susceptible to DNA damage from external ROS caused by heavy cigarette smoking.

In enterprise production and management process,how to improve the executive power of the order is still a blank.In view of the current manufacturing production environment existing main problems,namely production faced complex environment,market uncertainty leaded intense market competition,and poor coordination of order execution process are analyzed and discussed.The enhancing enterprise order execution methods and four aspects of the measures are put forward.So as to establish a set of high order execution system in the supply chain management mode,make the enterprise develop the market and realize value rise and steady development.

<正>线粒体是真核生物细胞内的重要细胞器,处于新陈代谢和生物能量转换中心地位,在生命活动中发挥着重要作用[1-2]。线粒体通过氧化磷酸化(oxidative phosphorylation,OXPHOS)产生人体用于

We conducted a case–control study to investigate the association of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups with acute mountain sickness (AMS) in Han Chinese from southwestern (SW) China. Pearson's chi-square test or Fisher's exact test revealed significant reduction of mtDNA haplogroups D and M9, while a significant increase of haplogroup M7 in AMS subjects compared with non-AMS subjects. The multivariate logistic regression analysis after adjustment for body mass index (BMI), a risk factor of AMS in the present study, showed that both D and M9 were associated with significantly decreased risk of AMS, while M7 was associated with a significantly increased risk of AMS (OR=0.605, p=0.000; OR=0.037, p=0.001, and OR=2.419, p=0.001, respectively). In addition, further analysis stratified by the AMS severities indicated that haplogroup B was correlated with a 2.41-folds increased risk of developing severe AMS (95%C.I=1.288–4.514, p=0.006). Our findings provide evidence that, in SW Han Chinese, mtDNA haplogroups D and M9 are related to individual tolerance to AMS, while haplogroups M7 and B are risk factors for AMS.

Objective To screen multidrug-resistant genes in human small cell lung cancer by chromosome microdissection.Methods After the microdissection of specifically abnormal chromosomal fragments of NCI-H446/CDDP cells and construction of micro-DNA library,Dot blot,reverse Northern Blot and Northern Blot were used to screen and identify MDR-related genes.Results Totally,there were 25 DNA fragments or genes which were found to be up-regulated in NCI-446/CDDP cells.Among 20 fragments sequenced,3 fragments were chromosome BAC sequences respectively and no homologs were found in GenBank.We thought the three sequences maybe belong to the 3' ends of certain genes where exited highly variable sequence and it was difficult to identify their homolog in GenBank.Other 17 sequences were found to be similar to several known genes with 95%～100% similarity.The known genes include Trx、Bcl-2、TRAF and Ceramide.Conclusion Many genes were involved in the development of MDR of human SCLC and the genes came into being a complex network which regulates the MDR.While,so far,the regulation mechanism was still unknown and many researches were need to be done.

Objective To develop a consistent and effective gene diagnostic method for Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy(DMD/BMD),so as to provide a clinical reference for the differential diagnosis of DMD/BMD diseases.Methods Clinical data of sixty-four male DMD/BMD patients,Han nationality,aged from 0.7 to 45(9.34±1.13)years,were collected between May 2008 and May 2010 from the Departments of Neurology,Pediatrics,and Gynaecology and Obstetrics of affiliated hospitals of Third Military Medical University.Genomic DNA was extracted from 5ml of peripheral blood of each patient.Determination of exon deletion in DMD gene of DMD/BMD patients was performed by amplifying 18 exon in hotspot deletion regions of DMD gene with multiple PCR(mPCR),and then the deletion type of DMD gene exon was confirmed.Results Deletions of varied exons in hotspot deletion regions of DMD gene were found in 31(48.4%)out of 64 patients with DMD/BMD,among which exon 50 deletion ranked the top(35.5%,11/31),followed by exon 47 and 43 deletion,accounting for 32.3%(10/31)and 25.8%(8/31),respectively.Exon 45 deletion was found in 6 out of the 31 patients(19.3%),while exon 49 deletion existed in same number of patients.Exon 19 deletion,as well as the 48 deletion,was respectively found in 5 out of the 31 patients(16.1%).In summary,the exon deletion happened mainly in the central and 5-end hotspot deletion region of DMD gene.Conclusions Multiple PCR,extensively used domestically and abroad,plays a vital role in assisting clinical diagnosis of DMD/BMD.It still is worthwhile to explore the other deletion hotpot,duplicated mutational hotpot and point mutation hotpot of DMD gene,and,based on them,new methods for DMD/BMD gene diagnosis can be established,thereby the diagnostic rate of DMD/BMD disease can be elevated.