【Background】The fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) is a major migratory agricultural pest in the tropical and subtropical areas of America, it has rapidly expanded to more than 100 countries around the world since 2016, and has now invaded 27 provinces (Autonomous Region, Municipality) in China, posing a great threat to food security. Resistance may become an increasingly serious problem in many regions with the heavy reliance on insecticides for several years and lead to low control efficiency. S. frugiperda had spread to the north of the Great Wall rapidly. However, there are few studies on insecticide resistance and annual variation in China, especially the Great Wall protection zone in 2020 and 2021.【Objective】The objective of this study is to clarify the susceptibility and differences of S. frugiperda populations to insecticides in the Great Wall protection zone and other areas of China, and to provide guidance for scientific insecticide use for the prevention and control of S. frugiperda.【Method】Samples of S. frugiperda were collected from maize fields in 13 provinces (Autonomous Region, Municipality) in China, and the genomic DNA was extracted. The mutations of target genes of carbamate, pyrethroid and diamide insecticides in 362 individuals collected from 47 cities (districts) of 13 provinces (Autonomous Region, Municipality) in 2020 and 2021 were analyzed through direct sequencing of the PCR products individually.【Result】There were 6 genotypes of mutations in ace-1 to carbamate insecticides in all the samples. A201S and F290V mutations were detected in ace-1. The frequency of A201S heterozygous mutation was 8.4%, and the frequency of F290V homozygous and heterozygous mutations was 14.9% and 25.7%, respectively. No G227A mutation was detected. The mutation frequency at F290V in the key prevention region was higher than that in the migratory transition region and annual breeding region, while the mutation frequency at A201S was lower than that in the above two regions. The average frequency of ace-1 mutation was high in the Great Wall protection zone, Huang-Huai-Hai interception zone, Yangtze River Basin and Southwest and South China protection zone. There was no significant difference in the frequency of ace-1 mutation between the populations in 2021 and 2020. No mutations were detected in pyrethroid vgsc and diamide ryr.【Conclusion】A201S and F290V mutations with high frequency in ace-1 is one of the mechanisms conferring carbamate resistance in many populations in China. The use of carbamates should be restricted in the control of S. frugiperda. No mutations had been detected in the vgsc and ryr, suggesting susceptibility to pyrethroids and diamides for rational rotation, however, the low frequency of mutation in S. frugiperda and common mutation in Spodoptera exigua (relatives of S. frugiperda) to pyrethroids and diamides have been detected. In the future, the effect of high insecticide selection stress in the lab and field populations fed by different hosts on the target gene mutation should be evaluated, and the research of rapid diagnostics methods and products of insecticide resistance should be accelerated.

【Objective】To provide supports for improving the monitoring and warning level of the beet webworm, Loxostege sticticalis, the seasonal spatiotemporal distribution in Northern China, the sources and relationship between L. sticticalis in North and Northeast China, within and outside China were studied in 2020.【Method】The searchlight traps were assembled to daily monitoring in Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Liaoning, Shanxi and Inner Mongolia. Based on the monitoring data of searchlight traps at the plant protection stations in the 6 provinces (municipality, Autonomous Region), the population fluctuations and migration pattern of L. sticticalis in Northern China were analyzed by using GrADS and R. The FNL data were processed by GrADS software, to obtain wind field information and draw the map. A three-dimensional particle trajectory analysis program based on WRF model was used to simulate the migration route of L. sticticalis, and the trajectory simulation results were plotted by ggplot2 3.3.0 package of R3.8.【Result】The overwintering generation of L. sticticalis adults mainly occurred in Shanxi, Hebei and Inner Mongolia, and a large number of adults of the 1st generation were found in Huade of Inner Mongolia and Kangbao of Hebei in 2020. During the typical migration period, North China and Northeast China were affected by frontal and cyclonic processes. The southward or southwest low-level jet at the front of the northeast cyclone provided favorable conditions for the long-distance migration of L. sticticalis into the northeast region, but the northwest airflow at the back of it blocked the migration path. The results showed that most of the overwintering adults stayed in North China and some of them migrated to Northeast China and the border of China, Mongolia and Russia with the help of southwest airflow. In late May, the main source in Hinggan League of Inner Mongolia came from the overwintering area of L. sticticalis in North China. In early June, part of them came from the overwintering area of North China, part of them came from the junction of China, Mongolia and Russia. In late June, the main source came from North China. The adults of the 1st generation of L. sticticalis mainly came from the 1st generation larva occurrence areas in central and western Inner Mongolia and the border between China and Mongolia. Affected by the frontal weather, they gathered and landed in Huade of Inner Mongolia and Kangbao of Hebei, and further migrated to the northeast.【Conclusion】2020 is a typical year of outbreak since the population of L. sticticalis has risen again in 2018. Strong air currents are important reasons for its successful migration, the convergence of wind shear and cyclone center causes the migrating adults to gather and land in large area, resulting in a sudden increase of local insect population. Both the overwintering generation and the 1st generation of L. sticticalis in North China and Northeast China were closely related to the foreign sources. It is of great significance to carry out the regional monitoring and prediction and forecasting in advance for L. sticticalis.

为明确草地贪夜蛾[Spodoptera fugiperda(J.E.Smith)]寄主生物型,对该虫进行精准监测及防控,采用分子标记方法,对采集于13省(市)29市(区)的83个草地贪夜蛾样本分别进行了 COⅠ和Tpi基因片段的扩增和序列比对,以鉴定其寄主种群分化.COⅠ基因序列比对结果显示,草地贪夜蛾水稻型占82％,玉米型占18％;Tpi基因的e4183位点仅北京顺义的1个样本为玉米水稻杂合型,其余均为玉米型.结果表明,草地贪夜蛾是杂合群体,虫源为非单一性.目前以玉米型为主,但有进行水稻型分化的风险,可能对水稻生产造成威胁.

蝗虫的发生直接影响农业生产安全和生态安全.近年来京津冀地区围绕推进蝗虫联防联控开展了积极的探索,笔者回顾总结了三地在搭建平台、监测预警、应急演练等方面取得的实效.对进一步推进蝗虫联防联控工作进行了思考,提出了继续强化宣传引导、拓展联动空间、夯实绿色防控,不断提升蝗虫等农作物重大病虫害联防联控质量和水平的建议.

草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E.Smith)是2019年新入侵我国的一种重大迁飞性害虫,在灯诱监测过程中,草地贪夜蛾成虫易与旋歧夜蛾Anarta tri folii (Hufnagel)、陌夜蛾Trachea atriplicis (Linnaeus)、甘蓝夜蛾Mamestra brassicae (Linnaeus)、斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura (Fabricius)4种夜蛾的成虫混淆.本文通过制作标本进行形态鉴定,并结合相关资料进行对比分析,发现翅面颜色、斜纹位置和长度、顶角特征等有助于几种夜蛾的区分,此外,前足基部明显膨大也是识别草地贪夜蛾的关键特征.草地贪夜蛾的雄性外生殖器容易与斜纹夜蛾的混淆,与其他两种有明显区别.掌握关键分类特征,可以准确识别上述5种夜蛾,为草地贪夜蛾的预测预报奠定基础.

利用贝莱斯芽孢杆菌NSZ-YBGJ001防治设施草莓白粉病,田间试验结果表明:NSZ-YBGJ001对草莓白粉病有较好的抑制作用,第3次药后7d,对草莓叶部白粉病防效达86.64％,对果实白粉病防效达71.08％,对草莓生长没有不良影响.

昆虫性信息素具有微量、高效、绿色等优点,利用性信息素防治害虫具有良好的应用前景.但随着对性信息素的研究不断深入,性信息素田间释放速率较快、易分解等问题日益凸显.为提高性信息素对银锭夜蛾的防治效果,以银锭夜蛾性信息素主要成分顺-7-十二碳烯乙酸酯(Z7-12:Ac)为母体结构,通过醇与酰氯或酸酐的反应,合成结构稳定且新颖的6种性信息素类似物,包括顺-7-十二碳烯-2,2-二氟代乙酸酯(Y1),顺-7-十二碳烯-2,2,2-三氟乙酸酯(Y2),顺-7-十二碳烯-2,2,3,3,3-五氟丙酸酯(Y3),顺-7-十二碳烯-2,2,2-三氟甲磺酸酯(Y4),顺-7-十二碳烯-2-溴丙酸酯(Y5),顺-7-十二碳烯-3-甲硫基丙酸酯(Y6),其结构经核磁共振(NMR)和高分辨质谱(HR-MS)表征.室内生物活性研究表明:所有的性信息素类似物在触角电生理试验(EAG)中均表现出一定的生物活性,其中Y1具有较好的剂量-效应关系,在浓度10μg时EAG直接刺激响应值为2.07 mV.

2017—2019年,在延庆对生姜田害虫开展调查,结果发现食叶害虫主要有3种,分别为棉铃虫[Helicoverpa armigera(Hübner)]、甜菜夜蛾[Spodoptera exigua(Hübner)]和粘虫[Mythimna separata(Walker)],钻蛀性害虫为亚洲玉米螟[Ostrinia furnacalis(Guenée)],地下害虫只发现轻微危害,未查到具体种类.地下害虫发生相对较早,食叶害虫和钻蛀性害虫主要发生于生产后期.不同年份间,害虫发生种类差异较大,2017年以钻蛀性害虫为主,还有食叶害虫即棉铃虫和甜菜夜蛾,2018年和2019年以食叶害虫为主,主要是棉铃虫,还有少量粘虫.

采用浸叶法测定了5种精油对二斑叶螨的室内毒力,发现供试精油对二斑叶螨均有一定触杀活性.活性从高到低依次为樟脑油,桉叶油,香茅油,薄荷油、杏仁油,致死中浓度分别为0.193、0.243、0.479、0.611、11.902 mg/L.选择杀螨活性较好的樟脑油、桉叶油和香茅油进行设施内西瓜叶螨防治试验,喷施3d后,樟脑油、桉叶油、香茅油18 g/667m2处理对二斑叶螨的防效分别为74.05%、62.80%、62.75%;至药后20 d,三者防效分别为88.89%、79.44%、78.95%,与对照药剂苦参碱相比,防效相近或更优.

为加快推进农作物重大病虫害监测自动化、信息化,进一步提升现代植保预测预警水平,8月3日,首届京津冀农作物病虫害现代监测预警技术集中培训在北京延庆圆满结束,参加本次培训的50余名京津冀学员在聆听专家授课、亲自开展实践、参加现场观摩、积极进行研讨之后,载着满满的收获重新投入到工作岗位.

昆虫雷达是开展迁飞害虫监测与研究的一种重要手段,中国也是较早自主建设与应用昆虫雷达的国家之一.为促进我国昆虫雷达事业的发展,本文对扫描昆虫雷达和垂直监测昆虫雷达的体制和特点进行了总结,介绍了今后昆虫雷达建制技术的发展方向及有关的初步实践与应用.

昆虫雷达是开展迁飞性害虫监测与研究的一种重要手段.我国自1984年建立首台昆虫雷达以来,经过几代研究者的不懈努力,雷达昆虫学取得了重要进展.为促进我国昆虫雷达事业的发展,笔者介绍了我国各种昆虫雷达的建设与运转概况,分析了昆虫雷达发展面临的一些难题,围绕研制、生产与推广应用提出了相关的建议.

为了解北京地区甜菜白带野螟的种群动态和虫源性质,于2013年在北京延庆利用探照灯诱虫器对甜菜白带野螟成虫开展了逐日监测,并进行了统计分析.结果表明,北京延庆仅见1代成虫,主要出现9月份,且雄虫明显多于雌虫.分时段数据显示,甜菜白带野螟可整夜扑灯,9月19日数据符合迁入种群特征.风场分析表明,成虫数量变化与风向密切相关.上述证据表明,2013年北京延庆诱集的甜菜白带野螟成虫属于迁飞性种群.

2014-2015年在北京郊区平菇温室调查时发现部分平菇子实体表现球形畸形,通过提取典型症状样品总RNA利用平菇球形病毒(oyster mushroom spherical virus,OMSV)特异性引物进行PCR检测,扩增约700 bp的特异条带.通过测序和序列比对分析表明,平菇样本eDNA扩增得到的部分基因序列与OMSV标准序列(ID:NC_004560.1)的cp基因核酸序列相似度为91％.对北京郊区一些平菇生产温室的畸形平菇检测表明,OMSV已较为普遍发生.本文还讨论了其防控对策.

通过普查、系统调查、室内饲养和田间笼罩观察等方法,对褐足角胸肖叶甲在北京地区的发生为害规律开展了研究.结果表明,褐足角胸肖叶甲在全市均有分布,北部山区的虫口密度显著低于南部潮土区.在春夏玉米交错分布区,未发现褐足角胸肖叶甲取食春玉米.北京地区有红棕型和铜绿鞘型2种色型,其中红棕型占93.32％,为绝对优势色型.普查中发现该虫可取食多种植物,其中马齿苋、野艾蒿、茵陈蒿等3种杂草是寄主植物新记录.系统调查表明,北京1年仅见1代成虫,7中下旬是该虫在北京为害的关键期.调查分析显示北京地区褐足角胸肖叶甲在夏玉米田符合聚集分布特征.行为观察发现褐足角胸肖叶甲为害玉米时,喜欢从正面啃食.室内饲养和田间笼罩观察发现成虫平均寿命约为20 d.通过调查,首次证实在北京地区,褐足角胸肖叶甲以幼虫在玉米根部5～10cm土层中越冬.本研究初步明确了褐足角胸肖叶甲在北京地区的发生规律,可促进相关预测预报技术的提升,为综合防控提供决策依据.

为明确北京地区亚洲小车蝗Oedaleus asiaticus Bey-Bienko的迁飞来源,选取包含完整线粒体DNA的ND6、tRNA-Thr基因及侧翼ND4L、CYTB基因部分序列作为目的片段,采用DNA序列法分析来自北京及周边省市9个地理种群155个亚洲小车蝗样本的序列碱基组成、种群遗传多样性、种群结构及单倍型网络进化等.结果表明:在目的序列中共检测到多态性位点16个,鉴定出单倍型20种,分别占碱基总数和总样品量的1.88％和12.90％;核苷酸多样性为0.0012,单倍型多样性为0.66,种群间遗传分化系数绝对值≤0.51,种群内个体间遗传变异占总变异的86.88％,各种群遗传变异与空间距离间无显著相关性,供试样本总体上遗传变异程度相对较低.北京密云种群鉴定出的独享单倍型H14由单倍型H10经2次突变获得,H10被锡林郭勒和乌兰察布种群共享;北京密云与河北滦平、围场及内蒙古乌兰察布种群间基因流Nm绝对值分别为3.749、1.387和0.912,均高于密云种群与其它种群间的Nm绝对值;结合亚洲小车蝗在北京及周边地区出现的先后时序可知,内蒙古锡林郭勒、乌兰察布及河北滦平、围场是北京地区亚洲小车蝗的最主要迁飞来源.

根据2015年北京市种植结构与区域布局情况,预测2016年种植结构的变化;根据2015年北京市农作物病虫鼠害的发生防治情况,预测2016年的发生防治情况;同时预测2016年北京市农药和药械的需求趋势,并分析其原因,旨在为北京市农业的进一步发展提供依据.

黄板诱杀是防治菇蚊蝇的常见措施.为探索平菇(Pleurotus ostreatus)菇房中,黄板悬挂位置与高度对眼蕈蚊(sciarid flies)成虫诱杀效果的影响,本试验选取日光温室型平菇菇房,在成虫盛发期,先后设置双风口和单风口两种通风模式,调查了棚室内北、中、南3个方位及其1、1.5、2、2.5 m等不同悬挂高度的黄板诱杀眼蕈蚊的数量,并分析了诱虫数量与悬挂位置的照度值之间的关系.结果显示,开双风口时,黄板悬挂在棚南侧2.0 m处时诱杀效果最佳;在只开腰风口时,最佳位置为北侧高度为1m处.回归分析表明,诱虫数量与照度值之间的线性相关不显著.